OUTLINE OUTLINE

Faculty of Logistics – International Business

Department of Logistics & SCM
-- * --
− PART I: CONTAINER & − PART I: CONTAINER &
Sea Transport CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERIZATION
− PART II: STRUCTURE OF − PART II: STRUCTURE OF
CONTAINERS CONTAINERS
− PART III: CONTAINER LANGUAGE − PART III: CONTAINER LANGUAGE
− PART IV: CONTAINER STOWAGE − PART IV: CONTAINER STOWAGE
PLANS PLANS
Lecturer: Ms. Pham Le Dung (MIB)
[email protected] − REFERENCES − REFERENCES

PART I: CONTAINER & PART I: CONTAINER & PART I: CONTAINER &

CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERIZATION
1. What is container? Definition of Freight 1. a) What is container? 1. b) Definition of Freight container
 containing the goods According to ISO 668:1995 (E), a shipping container means
container
an article of transport equipment which is:
2. What is contanerization?  having rectangular a) of a permanent character and accordingly strong enough
3. The history of container &  making of wood or metal to be suitable for repeated use;
containerization b) specially designed to facilitate the carriage of goods, by
 being standardized the size one or more mode of transport, w/o intermediate
4. International Seaborn Trade (1980 -  having large capacity reloading;
2023)  being used many times c) fitted with devices permitting its ready handling,
particularly its transfer from one mode of transport to
5. Global Containerized trade(1996-  can be used to transport another;
2016) d) so designed as to be easy to fill and empty;
 a box/ case of transport equipment
6. Largest Containership Operators e) stackable; and,
(2014) f) having an internal volume of 1 cubic or more.

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 PART I: CONTAINER & PART I: CONTAINER & PART I: CONTAINER &
CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERIZATION
2. What is containerization? 2.a) Advantages of containerization 2.b) Limits of containerization
 Containerization is the technique or practice of
stowing freight in reusable containers so that
 Savings in terms of packaging  Characteristics of goods
they are suitable for transportation.  Flexibility of supply  Weight
 It is easier to transport because goods in
container can be handled as one single shipment.  Storage flexibility  Volume
 Containerization not only reduces time and cost,
but also helps protect the goods from damage  Simplification of customs formalities  Dimensions
and thief.
 Speed for customer/ ship owner
 Containerization is also facilities intermodal
transport – roadways, railways, airways &  Security
seaways.

PART I: CONTAINER & PART I: CONTAINER & PART I: CONTAINER &

CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERIZATION
3. The history of Container 3. The history of Container 3. The history of container
 Containers were used as early as the 1830s for the
Malcolm McLean transportation of ore, limestone and coal, in the
“Father of containerization” pre-railway tramways of England, Silesia and
America.
 A capacity of only 5 – 10 tonnes.
 McLean went from being a trucker to a trucking
service operator to a trucking magnate. In the
late 1930, he had come up with the brainwave of
using containers to transport goods after watching
loose cargo being hoisted onto ships from the
trucks at the dockside.
 Video: Container Shipping the World in a Box | FT Business
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDmLEFDDd-c

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 PART I: CONTAINER & PART I: CONTAINER & PART I: CONTAINER &
CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERIZATION
7. The history of Container 3. The history of Container 4. International Seaborn Trade (1980 -2023)
 In 1955, McLean sold everything and switched to (in billion tons loaded)
shipping, then he bought the Pan – Atlantic
Steamship Corporation & renamed Sea – Land.
 In 1956, his first tanker called the Ideal X sailed
from Port Neward to Houston, carrying 58 x 35’
containers as well as normal liquid cargo.
 In 1960, another container ship sailed from New
York to Venezuela, marking the container’s entrance
into the international trade market.
 Started offering “carrying containers on flatcars”
services (COFC).

PART I: CONTAINER & PART I: CONTAINER & PART I: CONTAINER &

CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERIZATION CONTAINERIZATION
5. Global Containerized Throughput (1980- 2023) 6. Largest Containership Operators (2022) 6. Largest Containership Operators (2025)
Source: Drewry Shipping Consultants/UNCTAD

Source: Statista Research Department, Dec 4, 2024

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 PART II: PART II:
OUTLINE
STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
− PART I: CONTAINER & 1. Shipping Container sizes
1. Container sizes  The ISO 6346 standard mark recognizes five
CONTAINERIZATION standard lengths of ISO shipping container
2. Container classification
− PART II: STRUCTURE OF dimensions:
3. Container structure
CONTAINERS  53 ft
4. Container markings
− PART III: CONTAINER LANGUAGE  48 ft
5. Container specifications
− PART IV: CONTAINER STOWAGE 6. Container checking  45 ft
PLANS
7. Container International conventions  40 ft
− REFERENCES
 20 ft

PART II: PART II: PART II:

STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
1. Shipping Container sizes 1. Shipping Container sizes 1. Shipping Container sizes

Container 20' 40' standard 40' high

Dimensions
(20'DC) (40'DC) (40'HC)
ISO 668 :1995 imperial metric imperial metric imperial metric

Length 19' 10,5" 6,058 m 40' 12,192 m 40' 12,192m

External Width 8' 2,438 m 8' 2,438 m 8' 2,438m

Height 8'6" 2,591 m 8'6" 2,591 m 9'6" 2,896m

Length 5,867 m 11,998 m 11,998 m

Internal
Width 2,330 m 2,330 m 2,330 m
(min)
Height 2,350 m 2,350 m 2,655 m

Gross mass 52,900 lb 24,000 kg 67,200 lb 30,480 kg 67,200 lb 30,480 kg

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 PART II: PART II: PART II:
STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
2. Container Classification 2. Container Classification 2. Container Classification
a) Based on using / types of cargos b) Based on materials c) Based on structures
General purpose (GP) containers (container hàng bách Steel containers (container thép) Closed container (container kín)
hóa) Aluminum container (container nhôm) Open container (container mở)
Dry bulk container/ Bulker freight container (container Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) container Frame container (container khung)
chở hàng rời) (container nhựa tổng hợp) Tilt container (container gấp)
Thermal insulated / Heated / Refrigerated / Reefer Plywood container (container gỗ dán) Flat container (container phẳng)
container (container bảo ôn / nóng / lạnh)
Rolling container (container có bánh lăn)
Tank container (container bồn)
Special container/ Named container (container đặc
biệt/ chuyên dụng): Cattle container (container chở súc
vật sống), Car container (container chở xe),…

PART II: PART II: PART II:

STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
2. Container Classification 3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used
d) Based on sizes i) GP container/ Closed container:
i. General Purpose xi. Tank container
Small-size container (container loại nhỏ): container xii. Special Purpose  Transport dry / all Most commonly
Weight < 05 MT & Mesurement < 03 m3 ii. Flat Rack container containers types of general used containers
Medium-size container (container loại trung bình): iii. Platform container xiii.Garments on hanger cargo.
Weight < 05 -08 MT & Mesurement < 10 m3 iv. Open Top container (GOH) container  Normally airtight,
v. Open Side container xiv.Live stock container effectively preventing
Big-size container (container loại lớn):
vi. Tunnel containers xv. Car container any outside elements
Weight > 10 MT & Mesurement > 10 m3 vii. Half Height container xvi.Intermediate Bulk shift from damaging the
viii.Dry Bulk container container goods.
ix. Refrigerated container xvii. Drum container  Various dimensions 2 doors on
x. Ventilated container xviii. Swap body container standardized by ISO: one end of
10ft, 20ft, 30ft, 40ft…. container

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 PART II: PART II: PART II:
STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used
ii) Flat Rack container (container giá phẳng): ii) Flat Rack container (container giá phẳng): ii) Flat Rack container (container giá phẳng):
 Flat racks have steel  With collapsible, the
frame, a softwood floor sides can be folded
and two end walls, which for shipping of
may either be fixed or variety of goods:
collapsible. machinery, cables,
 Flat rack are mainly used drums, steel coils,
to transport heavy-lifts heavy vehicles,
and over-height or over- timber…
width cargo that needs
loading from the top or
sides.

PART II: PART II: PART II:

STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used
iii) Platform container (container mặt bằng): iv) Open top container (container hở mái): iv) Open top container (container hở mái):
Removable  With a convertible top
 Without sides, ends hard top
that can be completely
and roof, they are
Removable removed to make an
used for odd-sized
tarpaulin open top so that any
cargo which does not
height materials can be
fit on.
shipped easily.
 The floors structure
 Products such as
has an extremely
machinery, sheet glass,
high loading
foundation,
capacity.
02 doors can be construction equipment,
 Transport machinery Removable
swiveled out and heavy, bulky or
which is oversized. bows
long objects.

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 PART II: PART II: PART II:
STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used
iv) Open top container (container hở mái): v) Open side container (container hở mặt bên): v) Open side container (container hở mặt bên):

 Having a side
completely
open side
allows for the
storage of
much wide
merchandise
and easier.

PART II: PART II: PART II:

STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used
v) Open side container (container hở mặt bên): vi) Tunnel container (container đường hầm): vii) Half-hight container (container thấp):
Side swing door containers  Provided with  These containers are
doors on both half the height of full
sized containers.
ends of the  Used especially for
container, goods which need easy
loading and unloading.
extremely helpful  Transport heavy cargo
in quick loading (height goods, pipes,
tools, gravel, sand,
and unloading of coal, stones and other
materials. equipment).
Bagging container

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 PART II: PART II: PART II:
STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used
viii) Dry Bulk container (container hàng rời): viii) Dry Bulk container (container hàng rời): ix) Refrigerated/Reefer container (container lạnh):
03 loading hatches  Being used for transporting dry bulk cargo such as  Transporting goods that must be kept at a constant
grain, spices, foodstuff, … or low temperature such as foodstuff, fruits, meat,
seafood and vegetables over long distances.

01
unloading
02 doors for unloading cargo hatch

PART II: PART II: PART II:

STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used
x) Ventilated container (container thông gió): xi) Tank container (container bồn): xi) Tank container (container bồn):
 Being used for  Tank containers
cargo which  For transportation intended for
needs ventilation. of liquid materials: transporting potable
 Commodity such liquefied, natural liquids must be labeled
as green coffee gas, alcohol, wine. “Potable Liquids only”.
 Some hazardous
beans, cocoa  Mostly made of
materials must be
beans, and other strong steel or
transported in tank
organic goods other anti corrosive containers with no inlet
with high materials. or outlet openings
moisture below the surface of the
contents. liquid.

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 PART II: PART II: PART II:
STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used
xi) Tank container (container bồn): xii) Special container (container đặc biệt): xiii) Livestock/Cattle container (cont. chở súc vật):
 Tank containers must be at least 80% full, to prevent  Mostly used for high profile services like shipment of
dangerous surging of the liquids while transit. weapons and flammable or explosive substances.
 They must not be over 95% full, or there will not be
sufficient space for possible heat expansion.

PART II: PART II: PART II:

STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used
xiv) Car container (cont. chở xe hơi): xv) Garments On Hanger container (cont. quần áo): xvi) Intermediate bulk shift container:
They are designed
to handle large
amounts of
materials and
made for purpose
of shipping
materials to a
destination where
they can be further
packed and sent
off to final spot.

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 PART II: PART II: PART II:
STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used 3. Types of Container mostly used
xvi) Intermediate bulk shift cont. _ Plastic Tank: xvi) Drum container (container trống): xvii) Swap Body container:
 Used for liquid  This intermodal container can be swapped from a
 Made from a choice of truck chassis to a railcar.
packaging, but materials like steel,
light weight metals,  These shipping containers have foldable legs to
also for liquid food fiber, hard plastic etc. support the containers in-between the two transport
 They are most suitable modes.
packaging.
for bulk transport of
 IBC container liquid materials.
barrels can be  They are smaller in size
but due to their shape,
used repeatedly, may need extra space.
reduce costs.

PART II: PART II: PART II:

STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
3. Types of Container mostly used 4. Container’s structure (cấu trúc container) 4. Container’s structure (cấu trúc container)
xvii) Swap Body container: Main components of a cargo shipping
 Swap body transport is commonly used in Europe. container include:
 A swap body both weighs and costs less than Frame (khung)
standard shipping containers.
Bottom and floor (đáy & mặt sàn)
Roof panel (tấm mái)
Side wall (vách dọc)
Front end wall (mặt trước)
Rear end wall and door (mặt sau & cửa)
Corner Fittings (góc lắp ghép)

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 FRONT ENDPART II: STRUCTURE
ROOF
OF Roof Panel
PART II: STRUCTURE OF PART II:
WALL CONTAINER
PANEL CONTAINER Frame STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
5. Container’s structure (cấu trúc container) 5. Container’s structure (cấu trúc container) 4. Container’s structure (cấu trúc container)
FRAME SIDE
WALL Side Front end  Video:
wall wall How Shipping Containers Are Made (HD) –
SIDE Rear end BigSteelBox (Extended Version), By 09’27’’, @
WALL REAR wall and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7l6AQN1KV0
END door
WALL Side wall
BOTTOM
AND AND Bottom and
FLOOR DOOR Floor CONNER FITTINGS
61 62 2/21/2025

PART II: PART II: PART II:

STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
5. Container markings 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container)

 Why container identification system? ISO 6346:1995 is currently regulating

 ISO standards require a container to have container markings into three main groups:
series of Identification marks and Safety i) Identification system (hệ thống nhận biết)
What are they
Certification details. This is unique marking of ii) Size and type codes (mã kích thước và mã loại)
each container. iii) Operational markings (các ký hiệu khai thác)
 To identify the container correctly.
Besides, other markings on freight boxes
 To give instructions for container movements.
include:
 For container tracking.
iv) CSC Approval Plate (biển chứng nhận an toàn CSC)

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 PART II: PART II: PART II:
STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container)
i) Identification system (hệ thống nhận biết) i) Identification system (hệ thống nhận biết) i) Identification system (hệ thống nhận biết)
Specified in ISO 6346 consists solely of the  Owner code: (mã chủ sở hữu)

Mã chủ sở hữu
elements shown, which can only be used The owner code must be unique and registered with
together: the International Container Bureau (BIC - Bureau
International des Containers, Paris), either directly or
Owner code, consisting of three capital letters
thru a national registration organization.
Product group code, consisting of one of capital letters
Consist of the first three capital letter: Owner ID
U, J or Z
Each owner code can have up to 1 million containers.
Six-digit Registration number
Số sê-ri If the owner code is absent, the container cannot be
Ký hiệu loại thiết bị Check digit
identified.
Chữ số kiểm tra
Source: https://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html

Source: http://www.container-transportation.com/ky-ma-hieu

PART II: PART II: PART II:

STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container)
i) Identification system (hệ thống nhận biết) i) Identification system (hệ thống nhận biết) i) Identification system (hệ thống nhận biết)
 Product group code: (kỳ hiệu loại thiết bị)  Registration/ Serial no.: (số se-ri) Check digit: (số kiểm tra)
Consists of one of the following 3 capital letters: Consists of six numeric digits. Be always a single-digit number,
• U: for all freight containers (container chở hàng) Free of choice. Stand out in a box from the registration number.
• J: for detachable freight container-related equipment If the container number consists of fewer than six Be validated by a mathematical process.
(thiết bị có thể tháo rời của container chở hàng ) digits, it is preceded by enough zeros to make a six- Check online at www.bic-code.org
• Z: for trailers and chassis (đầu kéo hoặc/ và xe mooc) digit number sequence. Note: the check digit can be used to validate whether
The term owner code may also apply to the Owner code and Serial number registered at BIC. the owner code, product group code and registration
combination of owner code and product group code, number have been accurately transmitted.
which is also known as an alpha prefix. => HOW TO CALCULATE CHECK DIGIT? (See Reference Dos)
Source: https://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html
Source: https://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html
Source: https://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html

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 PART II: PART II: PART II:
STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container)
ii) Size and type codes (mã kích thước và mã loại) ii) Size and type codes (mã kích thước và mã loại) ii) Size and type codes (mã kích thước và mã loại)
In accordance with ISO 6346:1995 version In accordance with ISO 6346:1995 version  Container In accordance with ISO 6346:1995 version  Container
identification of size and type codes additionally stated in identification of size and type codes additionally stated in
accordance with current standard accordance with current standard
The current standard is not limited to numbers but also uses
letters to make marking more precise.
In addition, swap-bodies and the like are also covered by the
coding. The superordinate term for both numbers and letters is
character.
The first character of the size code indicates the length of the
receptacle: (see the next page)
Mã kích thước container
Mã loại container Source: https://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html
Source: https://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html
Source: http://www.container-transportation.com/ky-ma-hieu

PART II: PART II: PART II:

STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container)
ii) Size and type codes (mã kích thước và mã loại) ii) Size and type codes (mã kích thước và mã loại) ii) Size and type codes (mã kích thước và mã loại)
In accordance with ISO 6346:1995 version, Examples: In accordance with ISO 6346:1985 version In accordance with ISO 6346:1985 version Container
identification including country, size and type codes:
Two capital letters/ abbreviations are used for the various countries,
example: US for United States of America, GB for Great Britain,
JP for Japan, BR for Brazil, KP for Korea, GE for Germany, etc.
The first digit of the Size code indicates the length of the container,
while the second digit indicates height.
The first digit of the Type code indicates container type, and the
second digit of the type code relates to special features.
In the associated standard, columns are set out vertically:
Mã quốc gia sở hữu Mã loại cont.
container
Mã kích thước cont.
Source: http://www.container-transportation.com/ky-ma-hieu Source: https://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html
Source: http://www.container-transportation.com/ky-ma-hieu

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 PART II: PART II: PART II:
STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container)
ii) Size and type codes (mã kích thước và mã loại) ii) Size and type codes (mã kích thước và mã loại) iii) Operational markings (các ký hiệu khai thác)
In accordance with ISO 6346:1985 version Container In accordance with ISO 6346:1985 version Container
identification including country, size and type codes: identification including country, size and type codes: Mandatory
Size code summary: Type code table: Maximum Gross Weight
(Tổng trọng lượng tối đa)
Tare Weight
(Trọng lượng vỏ cont.)

Optional
Payload (Net Weight)
(Trọng lượng hàng xếp cho phép )
Cubic Capacity
Type code table: see next pages. (Thể tích chứa hàng tối đa )
Source: https://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html Source: https://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html Source: http://www.container-transportation.com/ky-ma-hieu

PART II: PART II: PART II:

STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container) 5. Container markings (Ký mã hiệu container)
iii) Operational markings (các ký hiệu khai thác) iii) Operational markings (các ký hiệu khai thác) iv) CSC Approval Plate (biển chứng nhận an toàn CSC)
(Container Safety Convention)
 Can be described
It is compulsory for
as a shipping
all containers
higher than 8'6" container’s
(2.6m) to bear this mark. passport.

This is for container 9’6’’  A small metal fixed

(2,9m) – High cube container. to the left door of
(hình bên thể hiện container cao 9ft 6in =2,9m)
the container.
Source: http://www.container-transportation.com/ky-ma-hieu Source: http://www.container-transportation.com/ky-ma-hieu

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 PART II: PART II:
OUTLINE
STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER STRUCTURE OF CONTAINER
6. Checking container (kiểm tra container) 7. Container Int’l Conventions (công ước QTvề container) − PART I: CONTAINER &
i. Customs Convention on Containers (Công ước Hải CONTAINERIZATION
Outside container quan về Container)
− PART II: STRUCTURE OF
Inside container ii. International Convention for Safe Containers –
CSC (Công ước quốc tế về an toàn container) CONTAINERS
Doors of container iii. TIR (Công ước Hải quan) − PART III: CONTAINER
iv. Convention on Temporary Admission (Công ước LANGUAGE
Container sanitary status
về sự chấp nhận tạm thời) − PART IV: CONTAINER STOWAGE
Container’s specifications PLANS
 Xem qua “Foot-notes”
− REFERENCES
Tham khảo Kinh nghiệm lựa chọn container trong thực tiễn: http://www.logistics.gov.vn/nghien-cuudao-tao/bao-cao-hieu-qua-su-dung-container-tu-ly-thuyet-den-thuc-tien

Note: Students are requested self-study for the above related

conventions.

PART III: PART III: PART III:

CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE
1. FCL 1. FCL
2. LCL
3. CY
Full Container Load (FCL): a shipper would take
an empty container from the Shipping Line and stuff
if exclusively with his own goods before returning the
FCL
4. CFS container to the Carrier as a FCL shipment.
5. ICD 2. LCL
6. TEU/ FEU Less than Container Load (LCL): the criterion is
7. DEM/ DET, and EIR who packed the container . If it was the ship
operator, then the shipment is considered LCL,
8. Liner Terms
9. Transhipment
regardless of its size, or whether or not the
container is shared with other shippers.
LCL
10.Consolidation  Xem qua “Foot-notes”

15
 PART III: PART III: PART III:
CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE
Type of Shipments: (called as Service type) 3. CY 3. CY
Container Yard (CY) is the area within the
 FCL/ FCL
terminal where containers are stored, pending
 LCL/ LCL
either arrival of the vessel for loading, or
 FCL/ LCL
pending arrival of the hauler for inward
 LCL/ FCL
delivery.

Note: Service type (SVC Type): loại dịch vụ, Ex. FCL/LCL

PART III: PART III: PART III:

CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE
3. CY 3. CY_ CY/CY on the B/L 3. CY_ CY/CY on the B/L
The clause “CY/CY” is normally included in B/Ls  The clause “CY/CY” is normally included in B/Ls
issued by ship operators for FCL shipment. issued by ship operators for FCL shipment.
“CY/CY” states which container yard the shipment  “CY/CY” states which container yard the shipment
come from, and the point where the carrier takes over come from, and the point where the carrier takes
the container from the exporter. over the container from the exporter.
The shipment is taken from CY of the Port of loading  The shipment is taken from CY of the Port of loading
to deliver to CY of the Port of discharging. to hand over at CY of the Port of discharging.
Note: Service mode (SVC Mode): cách thức dịch vụ,
Ex.: CY/CY

16
 PART III: PART III: PART III:
CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE
4. CFS (Kho hàng lẻ) 4. CFS (Kho hàng lẻ) 4. CFS (Kho hàng lẻ)
 Container Freight Station (CFS) is the warehouse
where the ship operator receive LCL shipments while
waiting to be either packed into containers for
export, or unstuffed from containers for import.
 B/Ls are normally claused “CFS/CFS” for LCL
shipments.

PART III: PART III: PART III:

CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE
4. CFS 5. ICD (bãi cont, cảng nội địa, cảng cạn) 5. ICD (bãi cont, cảng nội địa, cảng cạn)
 Container Freight Station (CFS) is the warehouse  ICD means Inland Container Depot /  ICD is a combination of services of sea custodian,
where the ship operator receive LCL shipments while Inland Clearance Depot situated at customs department, carriers, freight forwarders,
waiting to be either packed into containers for customs brokers etc. are carried out to facilitate
inland points away from sea ports. (Khu vực
export, or unstuffed from containers for import. exporters and importers for smooth handling of
(bãi) chứa container trong nội địa (ngoài khu vực
 B/Ls are normally claused “CFS/CFS” for LCL cargo.
Cảng); Cảng cạn/ Cảng khô; Cảng thông quan nội
shipments. địa/ Cảng Hải quan nội địa.)  Purpose of ICD :
 ICD is also act as Dry Port or CFS in many  To avoid constant movement of empty boxes
countries.  To save unnecessary costs

Tham khảo: Báo cáo: Tình hình các ICD tại Việt Nam: Thực trạng và triển vọng
http://www.logistics.gov.vn/nghien-cuudao-tao/bao-cao-tinh-hinh-cac-icd-tai-viet-nam-thuc-trang-va-trien-vong

17
 PART III: PART III: PART III:
CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE
5. ICD (bãi cont, cảng nội địa, cảng cạn) 6. TEU/ FEU 7. DEM/ DET, & EIR
 Important roles of ICD:
 Demurrage (phí lưu container tại bãi Cảng): A fee
 TEU _Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit: A levied by the shipping company upon the port or
 Checking: Inland containers are checked for any existing damage or contamination supplier for not loading or unloading the vessel by
measurement of cargo-carrying capacity on a container
 Reporting: The container owner is informed of container’s arrival in the depot by telex, fax, email or by
a specified date agreed upon by contract. Usually,
special interchange forms. Any damage or contamination will be also reported to the owner. ship, referring to a common container size of 20 feet in assessed upon a daily basis after the deadline.
 Repairs: Repairs to the containers must conform to rigid criteria. To ensure customs approval standards
length. (tương đương với 01 container 20’)  Detention (phí lưu container tại kho riêng): The
are meet, these standards are governed by international regulations.
charge the merchant pays for detaining Carriers’
 General maintenance: To make sure they remain in a suitable condition.
 FEU_ Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit , referring to a containers/ chassis beyond the prescribed free
 Storage time period.
container size of 40 feet in length. (tương đương với 01 --> Tham khảo: Phí lưu container tại bãi của cảng (DEMURRAGE); Phí lưu container tại kho riêng của khách (DETENTION); Phí lưu
bãi của cảng (STORAGE) http://lapro.edu.vn/cuoc-phi-trong-chuyen-cho-hang-hoa-bang-container-172-vn.htm

 Disposition:The responsibility of stuffing and de-stuffing of the containers, if requested by the liner or
forwarder. Also for providing a railcar or truck to move the container to the port. container 40’)  Equipment Interchange Receipt: phiếu giao
 Other responsibilities: All technical matters relating to the containers that it stores. nhận Container (phiếu E.I.R)

PART III: PART III: PART III:

CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE
8. Liner Terms 8. Liner Terms (cont.) 8. Liner Terms (LT) cont.
* Regulations (agreements) on the cost of loading and unloading goods on
This means that the freight cost (either paid * Regulations (agreements) on the cost of loading and unloading
board the ship for Voyage chartering:
goods on board the ship for Voyage chartering:
by the seller or payable by the buyer) is all  FI / Free In
inclusive, incorporating all expenses in relation  FIO = Free In and Free Out (loading &  FILO / Free In, Liner Out
to the loading (bốc hàng), carriage (chở hàng) and discharge are at consigner's cost ; Free for  FIOS / Free In, Out and Stowed
discharge (dỡ hàng) of goods. the carrier)  FISLO / Free In and Stowed, Liner Out
 When the freight rate is quoted as FIO, it  FIOST / Free in and Out and Stowed and Trimmed
means that the merchant (either the seller  FIOST LS / Free In and Out and Stowed and
or buyer, or both) has to, in addition to Trimmed, Lashed Secured
paying for the freight, cover all costs  LIFO / Liner In, Free Out
=> Lưu ý: Đối với vận chuyển tàu container (hợp đồng tàu chợ) chỉ  LT / Liner Terms = Liner In and Out  điều khoản thuê
nên áp dụng giá FCA, CIP, CPT, chứ không nên giao dịch ở đk
incurred by the shipping company for the
tàu chợ: người chuyên chở (carrier) có trách nhiệm vừa bốc vừa
FOB,CIF,CFR. / CFR/ CPT. loading and discharge of the goods. dỡ hàng.

18
 PART III: PART III: PART III:
CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE CONTAINER LANGUAGE
9. Transhipment (chuyển tải) 10. Consolidation (sự gom hàng lẻ) 10. Consolidation (sự gom hàng lẻ)
 Transhipment refers to the transfer and  Consolidation involves organizing (consolidate)  General Consolidator: This is the common form of
reloading of goods during transport from different shipments belonging to two or more consolidation. The Freight Forwarder is providing
consignees (cargo owners) into one shipping LCL service.
initial point of loading to final destination.
container by the Freight Forwarder (Consolidator) to
be processed for export.  Buyer’s Consolidator: The Freight Forwarder on
behalf of a single buyer to receive cargo from a lot
 Transhipment is the act of off-loading a of sellers. They are packing the goods and deliver as
container from one ship and loading it onto  There are three types of Consolidators: General FCL to the container yard.
another ship. consolidator, Buyer’s consolidator, & Shipper’s
consolidator.  Shipper’s Consolidator: The Freight Forwarder
receives cargo from one seller as FCL shipment and
delivers to a lot of buyers.

OUTLINE PART IV: PART IV:

CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS
− PART I: CONTAINER & – ON BOARD & ON CY – ON BOARD & ON CY
CONTAINERIZATION 1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD
− PART II: STRUCTURE OF 1. Container stowage plan _ on board Principle of bay-row-tier coordinates

CONTAINERS 2. Container stowage plan _ on CY

− PART III: CONTAINER LANGUAGE
− PART IV: CONTAINER
STOWAGE PLANS
− REFERENCES

19
 PART IV: PART IV: PART IV:
CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS LOCATION OF CONTAINER CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS
– ON BOARD & ON CY ON BOARD & ON CONTAINER YARD – ON BOARD & ON CY
1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD 1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD 1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD
According to the principle of BAY-ROW-TIER  The BAY locates the container longitudinally.
According to the principle of BAY-ROW-TIER
coordinates:  BAYS are numbered from front to back.
coordinates:
 The BAY brings odd number (01, 03, 05…) for the 20’
 BAYs are the container blocks in the transverse  BAYs are the container blocks in the transverse container while 40’ container will carry even numbers
direction, direction, (02, 04, 06…).
 ROWs are the lengthwise rows, and  ROWs are the lengthwise rows, and
 TIERs are the vertical layers.  TIERs are the vertical layers.

PART IV: PART IV: PART IV:

CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS
– ON BOARD & ON CY – ON BOARD & ON CY – ON BOARD & ON CY
1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD 1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD 1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD
 An example of a such container ship having thirty-  Thirty-eight BAYs from 1 to 38 for 20' containers loaded.  To illustrate a cross-section through a bay, one needs to imagine
 Nineteen BAYs from 1 to 19 for only 40' containers loaded. that one is standing in front of or behind the ship.
eight BAYs that could be numbered continuously
from 1 to 38. This would only be sensible if only 20' Thirty-eight 20' container bays on a ship
containers could actually be loaded.
 If this ship could only transport 40' containers, the
nineteen BAYs could be numbered continuously
from 1 to 19.
 See illustrated picture and its Bay numbers on the
next slide:

20
 PART IV: PART IV: PART IV:
CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS
– ON BOARD & ON CY – ON BOARD & ON CY – ON BOARD & ON CY
1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD 1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD 1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD
 The ROW locates the container transversally.  Where there is an odd number of ROWs, the middle row is  The ROWs of containers on a ship are numbered with even
 The ROWs of containers on a ship are numbered with even numbers from numbered 00. numbers from the center leftward and odd numbers from the
the center leftward and odd numbers from the center rightward. Row numbering where there is an odd number of rows center rightward. Row numbers of the aft bay of a ship:
Row numbering where there is an even number of rows

left vertical right vertical

PART IV: PART IV: PART IV:

CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS
– ON BOARD & ON CY – ON BOARD & ON CY – ON BOARD & ON CY
1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD 1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD 1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD
 Rows 05, 07, 09, 11 and 13 are still empty in this  The container TIERs are numbered with even Numbering of horizontal container layers, or TIERs
bay. numbers, starting from the bottom  Container
Numbering of the starboard rows on board ship which is the closest tanktop is numbered at 02.
 The conventional way is start with 02 in the hold and
then count up with 04, 06, 08, etc.
 In the case of deck cargoes, it is conventional to
start numbering with 80 or 82 calculated from
hatchcover.
 There are sometimes slight differences between
ships.
Row: 05 07 09 11 13

21
 PART IV: PART IV: PART IV:
CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS
– ON BOARD & ON CY – ON BOARD & ON CY – ON BOARD & ON CY
1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD 1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD 1. Container stowage plan ON BOARD
 Tóm tắt bằng tiếng Việt:  20’ Container BAY Examples: Read the Color-labeled containers in a Bay plans below?
Vị trí của một container trên tàu được xác định bởi ba thông số BAY – ROW –TIER.  40’ Container BAY
- BAY: là hàng container theo chiều ngang của tàu. Bay được đánh số là các số lẻ từ
mũi về lái (01, 03, 05, 07, 09,…). Tùy theo thiết kế của tàu mà số Bay có thể được
đánh dấu khác nhau đôi chút. Thường thì các Bay chỉ đánh số lẻ sẽ phục vụ cho việc
sắp xếp các Container 20’, còn Bay đánh số cả lẻ và chẵn thì Bay đó có thể xếp cả
Cont. 20’ và 40’. Ví dụ: Container 05 06 07 thì có thể xếp 01 Container 40’ hoặc 02
Container 20’.
- ROW: là dãy container theo chiều dọc của tàu. Row được đánh số thứ tự từ giữa
tàu ra hai mạn. Mạn phải số lẻ (01, 03, 05, 07, 09, 11,…), nạn trái số chẵn (02, 04, TIER
06, 08, 10,…). Nếu tổng số Row là lẻ thì Row ở giữa mang số 00.
- TIER: là số lớp container theo phương thẳng đứng. Tier được đánh số chẵng (02,
04, 06, 08, …) nếu ở dưới hầm hàng, còn ở trên boong tàu bắt đầu bằng số 80 / 82,
84, 86, 88, 90,…
- Lưu ý: Hề thống địa chỉ/ vị trí của một Container (theo Bay-Row-Tier) như nêu trên
là được sử dụng phổ biến nhất; tuy nhiên các hệ thống khác (như Row-Bay-Tier,
hoặc tương tự) vẫn có thể tồn tại. (Theo GDV 2017, Container Handbook).

PART IV: REFERENCES

CONTAINER STOWAGE PLANS 1) Nguyen thi Thu Ha (2014), Transportation of goods by sea and marine

– ON BOARD & ON CY 2)
cargo Insurance (Monographic Book), VNU-HCM Publishing House.
Nguyen thi Thu Ha & Nguyen Xuan Minh (2016), Import – Export
Operations, VNU-HCM Publishing House.
2. Container stowage on CY: Line_Block_Bay_Row_Tier 3) Singapore Logistics Association (2014), The Practitioner’s Definitive
Guide: Seafreight Forwarding, Strait Times Press Publishing House.
4) GDV (2017), Container Handbook - Container Stowage Plan, Retried on
03 May 2017 on https://www.containerhandbuch.de/chb_e/stra/index.html
5) Container Transportation (2009 – 2017), Freight Container, Retried on 03
Mar 2017 on http://www.container-transportation.com/
6) UNCTAD (2016), Global Containerized trade (1996- 2016), Review of
Maritime Transport 2016, page 18.
7) UNCTAD (2016), International Seaborn Trade (1980 -2015), Review of
Tier = layer Maritime Transport 2016, page 07.
8) Tham khảo: Báo cáo Hiệu quả sử dụng container_Từ lý thuyết đến thực
tiễn http://www.logistics.gov.vn/nghien-cuudao-tao/bao-cao-hieu-qua-su-
dung-container-tu-ly-thuyet-den-thuc-tien
9) Tham khảo: Báo cáo Tình hình các ICD tại Việt Nam_Thực trạng và
triển vọng http://www.logistics.gov.vn/nghien-cuudao-tao/bao-cao-tinh-
hinh-cac-icd-tai-viet-nam-thuc-trang-va-trien-vong
10) Tham khảo: Phí lưu container tại bãi của cảng (DEMURRAGE); Phí lưu
container tại kho riêng của khách (DETENTION); Phí lưu bãi của cảng
(STORAGE) http://lapro.edu.vn/cuoc-phi-trong-chuyen-cho-hang-hoa-bang-
container-172-vn.htm

22