Scribd
Upload
6 views

notes-class-8-science-chapter-12 (1)

This document covers key concepts related to natural phenomena such as static electricity, electric current, and earthquakes. It explains the processes of charging objects, the significance of earthing, and the destructive nature of earthquakes measured by the Richter scale. Additionally, it discusses lightning, its causes, and protective measures like lightning rods.

Uploaded by

kusumstiwari05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

notes-class-8-science-chapter-12 (1)

This document covers key concepts related to natural phenomena such as static electricity, electric current, and earthquakes. It explains the processes of charging objects, the significance of earthing, and the destructive nature of earthquakes measured by the Richter scale. Additionally, it discusses lightning, its causes, and protective measures like lightning rods.

Uploaded by

kusumstiwari05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Some Natural Phenomena Class 8 Notes Science

Chapter 12

Some objects can be charged by rubbing with other objects.

Static Electricity: The chemical charge generated by rubbing is called static electricity
because these charges do not transmit.

i
There are two types of charges-positive charge and negative charge.

rth
When we rub two objects, made of different substances, together the charge they acquire
are opposite to each other.

Electric Current: When charges move they constitute an electric current.

Earthing: The process of transfer of charges from a charged object to the Earth is called
earthing.

Earthing is provided in electrical wiring in building to protect us from electrical shocks, in


ya
case of any leakage of electrical current.

The process of electric discharge between clouds and the earth or between different clouds
causes lightning.

Lightning strike could destroy life and property.

Lightning conductors cam protect buildings from the effects of lightning.


id
An earthquake is a sudden shaking or trembling of the Earth.

Earthquake is caused by a disturbance deep inside the Earth’s crust.

It is not possible to predict the occurrence of an earthquake.


eV

Earthquakes tend to occur at the boundaries of Earth’s plates. These boundaries are
known as fault zones.

Destructive energy of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale. The earthquake


measuring 7 or more on Richter scale can cause severe damage to life and property.

Crust: Crust is the uppermost layer of Earth’s surface (8 km – 32 km).

Electric discharge: When negative charges from the clouds and positive charges on the
ground meet, a huge amount of energy is produced as bright light and sound, which we
see as lightning. The process is called electric discharge.

1/2
https://www.evidyarthi.in
https://www.evidyarthi.in/
Earth’s Plates: The outermost layer of the earth is not in one piece. It is fragmented.
Each fragment is called a plate.

Earthquake: An earthquake is a sudden shaking or trembling of the Earth. It is caused


by a disturbance deep inside the earth’s crust (i.e., by the movement of Earth’s plates).

Electroscope: Electroscope is a device used to test whether an object is carrying charge


or not.

Lightning: The process of electric discharge between clouds and the Earth or between

i
different clouds causes lightning.

rth
Lightning Rod: Lightning rod is a device used to secure tall buildings from the effect of
lightning conductor. A metallic rod taller than the height of the building is installed in the
walls of the building during its construction to protect it from the effect of lightning.

Negative Charge: When the charge of an object is due to the excess of electrons, it is
called a negative charge.

Positive Charge: When the charge of an object is due to the loss of electrons, it is called
a positive charge.
ya
Richter Scale: The power of an earthquake is expressed in terms of magnitudes on a
scale called the Richter Scale.

Seismograph: The seismic waves are recorded by an instrument in the form of a graph
called the seismograph.

Thunder: The loud noise which accompanies lightning.


id
Thunderstorm: A storm accompanied by thunder and lightning.

Transfer of Charge: Electrical charge can be transferred from a charged object to


another through a metal conductor.

Tsunami: Earthquakes may cause tsunamis in oceans, resulting in huge damage in


coastal areas.
eV

Tremor: Trembling or shaking of the Earth.

2/2
https://www.evidyarthi.in
https://www.evidyarthi.in/

You might also like