1
1 Xylem vessels transport water into the leaf.
State two other functions of xylem vessels.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 2]
2 Plants carry out translocation and transpiration to move substances.
Complete the table below to give a comparison between translocation and transpiration.
point of comparison translocation transpiration
example of substance moved
direction of movement of from ................................... from ....................................
substance
to ....................................... to ........................................
tissue where process takes place
[6]
[Total: 6]
2
3 The diagram below shows the whole plant and sections through its root, stem and a leaf.
On the diagram use label lines and the letter X to identify one region of xylem in each section (root,
stem and leaf). [3]
[Total: 3]
3
4 Aphids are insects that feed on the phloem sap in plants.
The diagram below shows an aphid with its mouth parts inserted into the stem of a plant.
The mouth parts of the aphid reach the phloem tissue of the stem.
State the name of the foods the aphid could suck out of the phloem tissue.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
5 Describe the pathway water takes in a plant, as it moves from the soil to a leaf.
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4
[Total: 4]
6 Water is required for the process of photosynthesis.
Describe where and how water enters a plant.
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.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
7 The table below shows the results of an investigation into the relationship between the total surface
area of the leaves on a plant and the volume of water lost from the plant.
2 3
total surface area of leaves / m volume of water lost from plant per day / dm
0.05 4.5
0.10 6.5
0.15 8.0
0.20 10.0
0.25 12.5
5
(a) (i) Plot a graph of the data in the table above on the grid below. Draw a straight line of
best-fit.
[4]
(ii) Describe the trend shown by the results.
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................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 6]
6
8 The diagram below shows a healthy plant during an investigation into transpiration.
It was kept in the same environment, apart from the light changing, during 24 hours.
The mass of the plant and pot was measured at the start, after 12 hours in the light and after a
further 12 hours in the dark.
plastic plastic plastic
bag bag bag
2.50 kg 2.30 kg 2.25 kg
at the start after 12 hours in the after a further 12 hours
light in the dark
State two environmental factors, other than light, that would change the rate of transpiration in the
plant shown in the diagram above.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
7
9 The diagram below shows a healthy plant and its appearance three hours later when it has started
to wilt.
0 hours 3 hours
State and explain two changes a student could make to the environment of the plant that would
stop it wilting any further.
change to the environment ......................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
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change to the environment ......................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
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.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
8
10 The photomicrograph shows a section through a leaf.
Complete the table by placing one tick in each row to show the net movement of gases through Z
on a hot, dry, sunny day.
net movement of gas
name of gas into leaf out of leaf no movement
carbon dioxide
oxygen
water vapour
[3]
[Total: 3]
9
11 What is the characteristic feature of a double circulation?
A In each circuit, blood passes from the gut to the liver before going back to the heart.
In each circuit, blood passes from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart before going
B
to other parts of the body.
C In each circuit, blood passes through atria and ventricles before going to other parts of the body.
In each circuit, blood passes through the arteries and the capillaries before returning to the heart
D
in veins.
[1]
[Total: 1]
12 Mammals have a double circulation system.
Explain what is meant by a double circulation system.
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.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
10
13 The diagram below represents the heart, part of the circulatory system and some of the organs
supplied by this system.
head
lungs
liver
B
alimentary
canal
A
kidneys
legs
On the diagram, draw an arrow on blood vessel C to show the direction of blood flow. [1]
[Total: 1]
11
14 What is the most likely cause of a heart attack?
A blocked coronary arteries
B diet lacking in vitamins C and D
C infection by microorganisms
D regular exercise
[1]
[Total: 1]
15 The graph shows the average body mass and the average heart rate of nine mammals.
450
rat
400
350
guinea
pig
300
250
rabbit
average heart rate /
200
beats per min
cat
150
100 dog
human
buffalo
50 rhinoceros
elephant
0
0.2 0.3 1.0 1.5 5.0 60 1300 3000 5000
average body mass / kg
(a) (i) Name the mammal that has an average body mass of 1300 kg.
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State the average heart rate of a guinea pig.
........................... beats per minute [1]
(iii) Name the mammal that has an average heart rate of 30 beats per minute.
................................................................................................................................ [1]
12
(iv) Calculate how many times faster the heart of a rabbit beats than that of a buffalo.
Show your working.
........................... [2]
(b) Describe the relationship between average body mass and average heart rate, shown in the
graph.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
16 The diagrams show four different stages in one heart beat.
P Q
key
direction in which
blood is moving
R S
What is the correct order for the stages after stage P?
A Q R S
B R Q S
C R S Q
D S R Q
[1]
[Total: 1]
13
17 The diagram below shows a section through the human heart.
Chamber A collects deoxygenated blood from the body.
(a) (i) State the name of chamber B.
....................................................... [1]
(ii) State which organ the blood goes to after it leaves chamber B.
....................................................... [1]
(iii) Blood can contain different concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Tick (✓) the boxes that describe the blood found in chamber C.
high concentration of carbon dioxide
low concentration of carbon dioxide
high concentration of oxygen
low concentration of oxygen
[1]
(iv) Name the tissue that makes up the wall of chamber D.
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 4]
18 The diagram below shows a section through the human heart.
14
Chamber A collects deoxygenated blood from the body.
(a) The heart contains a number of valves.
(i) Draw a line on the diagram to identify one of the valves.
Label this line with a V. [1]
(ii) State the function of the valves in the heart.
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................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 2]
19 Which chamber of the heart has the thickest muscle wall?
A left atrium
B left ventricle
C right atrium
D right ventricle
[1]
[Total: 1]
15
20 Which matches the component of blood to its function?
component function
A plasma carries glycogen
B platelets carry hormones
C red blood cells carry oxygen
D white blood cells carry nutrients
[1]
[Total: 1]
16
21 When the heart beats, it pumps blood round the body.
The diagram below shows the components of blood as seen through a light microscope.
Name the blood components labelled F, G and H.
State one function for each component.
Write your answers in the Table below.
name of blood
label one function of the blood component
component
[6]
[Total: 6]
17
22 Blood is made up of four major components. Two of these components are plasma and red blood
cells.
Name the two other major components of blood and state their function.
name.........................................................................................................................................
function.....................................................................................................................................
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name.........................................................................................................................................
function.....................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
18
23 The photograph below shows some red blood cells, taken through a microscope.
Explain how the features of a red blood cell given in the table below are important to its function.
Write your answers in the table below.
feature of red blood cell explanation of importance
contains haemoglobin
no nucleus present
very tiny cell
[3]
[Total: 3]
19
24 The table below shows some of the main organs in a mammal and the vessels that deliver blood
and take it away.
Complete the table.
blood vessel
organ
delivers blood takes away blood
1 ........................................ 1 aorta
heart
2 ..................................... vein 2 .................................... artery
lungs pulmonary artery ...................................
1 hepatic artery
liver hepatic vein
2 ...................................
kidney ...................................... artery ......................................... vein
[5]
[Total: 5]
20
25 The table below shows the blood pressure in the different blood vessels that supply and drain a
muscle in the leg.
blood vessel mean blood pressure / kPa
aorta 13
femoral artery 12
distributing / muscular artery 9
arteriole in muscle 6
capillary in muscle 4 — 1.3
venule in muscle 1.1
femoral vein < 1.0
The table shows that the mean blood pressure decreases from 13 kPa in the aorta to 6 kPa in the
arterioles.
Explain why blood pressure must decrease in the arterioles before entering the capillaries.
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[Total: 2]
21
26 The diagram below shows a section across part of an artery.
With reference to the diagram, explain how the structure of an artery is related to its function.
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[Total: 3]
27 Which blood vessel has a high carbon dioxide concentration, a low oxygen concentration and a
high blood pressure?
A aorta
B pulmonary artery
C pulmonary vein
D vena cava
[1]
[Total: 1]
22
28 The diagram below shows a section through a blood vessel.
Identify the type of blood vessel shown in the diagram.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
23
29 The diagram shows some body cells and parts of the human lymphatic and circulatory systems.
Capillaries allow blood to reach most cells in the body.
State one component of blood that remains inside the capillaries as the blood flows from X to Y in
the diagram.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
24
30 Lymphatic vessels are similar in structure to veins.
Describe the structure of veins.
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[Total: 2]
