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Lec26Fielddeterminationofpermeability

The document is a lecture on subsurface flow of water, focusing on aquifers, aquicludes, and artesian flow. It discusses methods for determining hydraulic conductivity in the field, including in-situ permeability tests using pumping wells. Practice problems are provided to illustrate the calculation of soil permeability based on observed data.

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Aleem Nawaz
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11 views

Lec26Fielddeterminationofpermeability

The document is a lecture on subsurface flow of water, focusing on aquifers, aquicludes, and artesian flow. It discusses methods for determining hydraulic conductivity in the field, including in-situ permeability tests using pumping wells. Practice problems are provided to illustrate the calculation of soil permeability based on observed data.

Uploaded by

Aleem Nawaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geotechnical Engineering–I

BSc Civil Engineering – 4th Semester

Lecture # 26
8-May-2015

by
Dr. Muhammad Irfan
Assistant Professor
Civil Engg. Dept. – UET Lahore
Email: [email protected]
Lecture Handouts: https://groups.google.com/d/forum/geotec-1
1
Subsurface Flow of Water
Aquifer: Soil or rock forming stratum with sufficient porosity and permeability
to store and transmit groundwater.
(e.g. sands, gravels, fractured rock)

Aquifer

2
Subsurface Flow of Water
Aquiclude/ Aquifuge: An impermeable stratum, or a stratum having
extremely low permeability.
(e.g. clays, intact rock)

Aquifer

3
Subsurface Flow of Water
Unconfined Aquifer (water table aquifer) are bound by the water table; i.e.,
they have no confining rock layers over the top of them.
Confined Aquifer: A water bearing layer confined between less pervious (or
impervious) layers.

4
Artesian Flow
• Artesian springs/wells are wells that flow under their own pressure.
• These require a sloping permeable layer of rock (Aquifer) with a recharge
zone higher than the well.

5
Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity
in the Field
1. Pumping wells with observation holes
2. Borehole test
3. Packer test

6
In-situ Permeability Test using Pumping
Wells
Pumping out water
(Rate of pumping, q
• Steady state: equilibrium
(m3/hr)) Observation Wells state when the inflow to
the well becomes equal to
the rate of pumping.
Initial WT

• Water level in the test


WT after
pumping well + observation wells
becomes constant at
Sand
Test Well steady state condition.
(Pervious Layer)

Clay
(Impervious Layer)

7
In-situ Permeability Test using Pumping
Wells
• Used to determine hydraulic conductivity (k) of soil in-situ.
• Water is pumped out at a constant rate from a test well that
has a perforated casing.
• Several observation wells at various radial distances are
made around the test well.
• Continuous observations of water level in the test well +
observation wells are made after the start of pumping, until
a steady state is reached.
• The steady state is established when the water level in the
test and observation wells becomes constant.

8
In-situ Permeability Test
Pumping Well in an Unconfined Aquifer
 r2 
q . ln 
q
k  r1 
 (h22  h12 )

If q, h1, h2, r1, r2 are


known , k can be
calculated

9
In-situ Permeability Test
Pumping Well in an Confined Aquifer
q

 r2 
ln 
k
q  r1 
2H (h2  h1 )
If q, h1, h2, r1, r2 are
Water entering into well
known , k can be
calculated
10
Practice Problem #7
A layer of sand 6m thick underlies a 5m thick layer
of clay stratum and overlies a bed of shale. A
pumping well, sunk to the base of sand yielded
10x10-3 m3/sec of water under steady state flow.
Observation wells placed at 15m and 30m from the
well indicated groundwater levels 3m and 2.5m
below surface level respectively. Determine the
permeability of soil.

11
Practice Problem #8
A field pumping test is carried out to determine
average permeability of uniform soil deposit 30m
deep. Water table in the deposit is located at a depth
of 2m below ground surface. Steady state is reached
under a uniform pumping rate of 0.02 m3/sec. The
two observation wells located at distances of 20m
and 60m show elevations of water level at 2m and
0.5m below original water table respectively.
Determine the value of soil permeability.

12
CONCLUDED

13

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