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Types of Proportion

The document explains the concept of proportion, detailing its definition and types: direct, inverse, and partitive proportion. It provides examples and methods for solving problems related to each type of proportion, including how to find missing terms and apply ratios in practical scenarios. Additionally, it includes step-by-step solutions to illustrate the application of these concepts in real-life situations.

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SHAIRRA MAE VILLAROSA
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© © All Rights Reserved
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2 views

Types of Proportion

The document explains the concept of proportion, detailing its definition and types: direct, inverse, and partitive proportion. It provides examples and methods for solving problems related to each type of proportion, including how to find missing terms and apply ratios in practical scenarios. Additionally, it includes step-by-step solutions to illustrate the application of these concepts in real-life situations.

Uploaded by

SHAIRRA MAE VILLAROSA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF

PROPORTION
Prepared by:
Shairra Mae S. Villarosa
PROPORTION

 It is a state of equality between 2 ratios.


 In a proportion, the product of the
means is equal to the product of the
extremes
Examples:
means means

5 : 2 = 10 : 4 6:4=9:6
extremes extremes

2 x 10 = 5 x 4 4x9=6x6
20 = 20 36 = 36
To solve for the missing term in a
proportion:
means
5 x 21 = 7 x N
Divide both sides
105 = 7N
7 : 5 = 21 : N
by 7 to get the
value of N.
7 7
15 = N
extremes
To solve for the missing term in a
proportion:
means
Check:

7 : 5 = 21 : 15 5 x 21 = 7 x 15
105 = 105
extremes
To solve for the missing term in a
proportion:
means
15 x 2 = N x 3
Divide both sides
30 = 3N
N : 15 = 2 : 3
by 3 to get the
value of N.
3 3
10 = N
extremes
To solve for the missing term in a
proportion:
means
Check:

10 : 15 = 2 : 3 15 x 2 = 10 x 3
30 = 30
extremes
Types of Proportion
1. Direct Proportion
2. Inverse or Indirect Proportion
3. Partitive Proportion
In direct proportion,
when one quantity
increases, the other A B
quantity also
increases at the
same rate and vice or
versa.
A B

Direct Proportion
10 candies costs ₱ 5.00. If Annie
wants to buy 12 candies, how
much will it cost?

A – no. of candies If we buy more candies, what


B – price will happen to its price?
If we buy less candies, do we
pay more or less?
To solve direct proportion problems,
we set up the proportion as follows:

Original A : Original B = New A : New B

where, A and B refers to the given in the problem.


10 candies costs ₱ 5.00. If Annie wants to buy
12 candies, how much will it cost?
Given:
A – no. of candies
B – price
Type of Proportion: Direct
Solution:
Original A : Original B = New A : New B
Original no. of candies : Original Price = New no. of candies : New Price
10 : 5 = 12 : N
5 x 12 = 10 x N
60 = 10N
10 10 Answer:
6=N 12 candies cost ₱6.00
Billy can travel 6 kilometers in 20 minutes in his
bicycle. How far can he travel in 30 minutes?
Given:
A – distance travelled
B – time
Type of Proportion: Direct
Solution:
Original A : Original B = New A : New B
Original distance travelled : Original time = New distance travelled : New time
6 : 20 = N : 30
20 x N = 6 x 30
20N = 180 Answer:
20 20 Billy can travel 9 km in
N=9 30 minutes.
In inverse or
indirect proportion,
when one quantity A B
increases, the
other quantity or
decreases and
vice versa
A B

Inverse Proportion
It takes 4 days for 35 farmers to harvest
rice on a vast field. How long will 20
farmers take to harvest rice on the same
field?

A – no. of days If more farmers will harvest the


B – no. of farmers rice, will it take more or less
days to finish the job?
To solve inverse proportion problems,
we set up the proportion as follows:

Original A : New A = New B : Original B

where, A and B refers to the given in the problem.


It takes 4 days for 35 farmers to harvest rice on a vast field. How
long will 20 farmers take to harvest rice on the same field?
Given:
A – no. of days
B – no. of farmers
Type of Proportion: Inverse
Solution:
Original A : New A = New B : Original B
Orig. no. of days : New no. of days = New no. of farmers : Orig. no. of farmers
4 : N = 20 : 35
Answer:
N x 20 = 4 x 35
20N = 140 It will take 7 days for
20 20 20 farmers to do the
N=7 work.
At a speed of 60kph, Mr. Lopez can reach his office in just 30
minutes. If he gets caught in traffic and travels at an average of
20kph, how long will it take him to reach his office?
Given:
A – speed
B – no. of minutes
Type of Proportion: Inverse
Solution:
Original A : New A = New B : Original B
Orig. speed: New speed = New no. of minutes : Orig. no. of minutes
60 : 20 = N : 30
Answer:
20 x N = 60 x 30
20N = 180 It will take Mr. Lopez
20 20 90 minutes to reach his
N = 90 office.
If a given whole is
to be divided into
several parts given
a specified ratio,
partitative
proportion is used. A B

Partitive Proportion
Alice divides her ₱100-allowance in the
ratio 3:2 for her expenses and savings.
How much did she allocate for each?

Whole - ₱100 The whole is divided into 2


A - 3 (expenses) parts into the ratio 3:2
B - 2 (savings) 3 parts of the whole will be for
the expenses while 2 parts of
it will to her savings.
To solve partitive proportion
problems, we let n be the unknown
number then add the ratios equal to
the whole number.
An + Bn = whole
where, A and B refers to the ratio the whole is divided
Alice divides her ₱100-allowance in the ratio 3:2 for her
expenses and savings. How much did she allocate for each?

Given: Refer to this illustration to visualize the problem:


Whole - ₱100
A - 3 (expenses), B - 2 (savings) 100
Type of Proportion: Partitive
Solution:
An + Bn = whole A A A B B
3n + 2n = 100
5n = 100 Answer:
5 5
Alice will spend ₱ 60
n = 20
Multiply the value of n to and save ₱ 40 from her
3n 2n each quantity in the
3(20) = 60 2 (20) = 40 ratio.
allowance.
Divide a 72-m rope into 3 with the ratio 1:2:5. What is the
measure of each rope?

Given: Refer to this illustration to visualize the problem:


Whole – 72 m
A – 1, B – 2 , C - 5 72
Type of Proportion: Partitive
Solution:
An + Bn + Cn = whole A B B C C C C C
1n + 2n + 5n = 72
8n = 72 Answer:
8 8
Each rope measures
n=9
1n 2n 5n
9m, 18m and 45m
1(9) = 9 2 (9) = 18 5 (9) = 45 respectively.
References:
Math Division of Mandaue City Self-Learning Kit in Mathematics 6, Quarter 2 Week 2 SLK 1
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/directly-inversely-proportional.html

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