PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE SEXUAL

BEHAVIOR OF TEENAGERS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN

PHILIPPINES FOUNDATION

A Thesis Proposal Presented to the College of Teacher Education,

Arts and Sciences
The University of Southern Philippines Foundation
Salinas Drive, Lahug, Cebu City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science Major in Psychology

Enriquez, Judelin Medith P.

Basaka, Jeia G.
Jayson, Shenna F.
Narido, Clint Michael L.

May 2024

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APPROVAL SHEET
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, Almighty for His enduring

grace, guidance and protection He has bestowed upon us throughout the research

project and to its successful completion.

The researchers would like to express their sincere and heartfelt gratitude to

their research adviser, Mr. John Michael T. Talingting, his valuable expertise,

unwavering guidance, insightful feedback, continuous support, constant

encouragement have not only shaped the direction of this project but have also

fostered and instilled them with immense knowledge and skills. The researchers

would also like to thank the research chairperson/instructor, Mr. Juanito Galos, for

his patience, guidance and relentless support throughout the course of this study.

The researchers are deeply grateful as well to the department dean, Dr.

Janet A. Arcana and to all the faculty members and staff from the College of

Teacher’s Education, Arts and Sciences for providing the necessary resources

and an inspiring academic environment.

Next, the researchers would like to convey their sincere thanks to their family

for their constant support and understanding, particularly to their parents for their

patience and encouragement during the most challenging moments of this project.

Finally, the researchers would like to express their gratitude to the participants of

this study, who had willingly shared their insights and experiences which has

enriched their study and contributed to the advancement of knowledge in their field

and to the overall development of their study.

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ABSTRACT

This study explores the perceptions of psychology students toward teenage

sexual behavior, with a focus on pornography consumption. The research involved

participants aged 18 and above, predominantly between 21-22 years old, an age

group often considered mature enough to discuss sensitive issues such as

pornography. Findings indicate that a significant portion of respondents consumes

pornography infrequently, with 43.33% viewing it only once and 46.66% spending

approximately an hour per session. This pattern suggests that pornography

consumption is neither a dominant habit nor a daily activity for most participants.

Consumption typically occurs in familiar environments such as classrooms,

homes, or with peers, highlighting its social aspect and shared experiences.

Despite this, the respondents demonstrate generally moderate sexual interests and

minimal reliance on pornography for daily satisfaction. This reflects a balanced

approach to sexual exploration, with pornography playing a peripheral role rather

than being a central or disruptive element in their lives.

The study concludes that pornography consumption among young adults is

moderate and aligns with broader societal norms of self-regulation. These findings

underscore that, while pornography is present in their lives, it does not significantly

impact their daily routines or sexual development, reflecting a healthy and

controlled engagement with such materials.

Key words: pornography, pornography exposure, sexual behavior,

teenagers
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page………………………………………………………………………………i

Approval Sheet…………………………………………………………………..……ii

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………...…….ii

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………..iv

Table of Contents…………………………………………………………….…...….v

Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Settings

Introduction…………………………………………………………………...1

Review of Related Literature and Studies………………………………...3

Theoretical Framework………………………………………………….….10

Conceptual Framework………………………………………………….....12

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………….....14

Statement of Hypothesis………………………………………………...…15

Significance of the Study…………………………………………………...16

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………..16

Chapter 2: Methodology

Research Design………………………………………………….…………18

Research Respondents…………………………………………….……….18

Research Instrument…………………………………….………….……….19

Research Locale……………………………………….…………….………19

Ethical Consideration……………………………………….…….….…….. 20

Data Gathering Procedures………………………………….…………......21

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Statistical Treatment………………………………………….……………..21

Chapter 3: Results and Discussion

Part 1 Demographic Profile……………………………………….………..24

Part 2 Level of Sexual Behaviors ……………………………...…...…….29

Part 3 Level of Pornography Exposure ………………………….……….32

Part 4 Level of Sexual Urges……………………………………..………..35

Part 5 Test of Significant Difference in the Sexual Behaviors of the

Respondents………………………………………………..….……37

Part 6 Test of Significant Difference Pornography Exposure of the

Respondents………………………………….……………….…….39

Part 7 Test of Significant Difference on Sexual Urges in Watching

Pornography of the Respondents…………………………..….….41

Analysis……………………………………………………………….………

Interpretation and Generalization………………………………………….

Chapter 4: Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Summary of Findings……………………………………………...………..43

Conclusions………………………………………………………...………..45

Recommendations…………………………………………………..……...47

Intervention Plan…………………………………………………..………..49

References

Appendices

Appendix A Letter of Approval………………………………...………..…64

Appendix B Instrument with Informed Consent…………………….……65

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Appendix C Map of the Research Locale ………………………………..68

Appendix D Curriculum Vitae……………………………………….....…..73

Appendix E Narrative & Photo Documentation…………………….........75

Appendix H Recommendation for Final Defense…………………….….79

Gantt Chart

List of Tables

Table 1. Demographic Profile……………………………………….……..24

Table 2. Pornography Addiction…………………………………………...29

Table 3. Level of Pornography Exposure of the Respondents…….…...32

Table 4. Level of Sexual Urges in Watching Pornography of the

Respondents……………………………………………………....35

Table 5 Test of Significant Difference in the Sexual Behaviors of the

Respondents……………………………………………………....37

Table 6 Test of Significant Difference in the Pornography Exposure of the

Respondents……………………………………………………….39

Table 7 Test of Significant Difference in the Sexual Urges in Watching

Pornography of the Respondents………………………………..41

Table 8. Proposed Intervention Plan……………………………………...50

List of Figures

Figure 1. Flow of the Study………………………………………………...13

Figure 2. Location Map of Research Locale……………………………...32

List of Graphs
 CHAPTER 1

The Problem and its Setting

Pornography is commonly referred to as porn and it is defined as a media

created to elicit sexual arousal and gratification for its audience, including images,

videos, and written material. Although sexual arousal might seem advantageous, it

is not uniformly perceived as positive, especially in societies considered to hold

puritanical views. Furthermore, study indicates that the majority of students were

first exposed to pornography between the ages of 12 and 15. Students in this age

group who were first exposed to pornography exhibited a significant correlation with

high-risk sexual behavior; those who were exposed before the age of 12 exhibited

the highest levels of high-risk behavior (Yunengsih & Setiawan, 2022).

Young children who were exposed to pornography were not only introduced

to sexual behavior, but their behavior was also enhanced because of the pleasure

derived from viewing something that was perceived as sexual. Regular exposure

to pornography may have an addictive effect that culminates in acting out or

mimicking what is seen in the material (Yunengsih & Setiawan, 2022). Numerous

studies have indicated that some individuals might engage in the use of

pornography and other sexual stimulants as a means to divert their focus from

emotional and situational stressors. (Bőthe et al., 2020, 2021).

According to Nelson & Rothman (2020) the field of research examining the

effects of pornography use among adolescents has expanded due to factors like

easy access through digital means, public concern about its influence on young
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individuals, and its intersection with critical developmental phases in adolescence.

Concerns revolve around how pornography may shape sexual norms, behaviors,

and attitudes towards relationships and gender roles during a formative period.

Researchers are also focused on potential behavioral outcomes such as sexual

aggression and risky sexual practices (Nelson & Rothman, 2020). Additionally, if

not controlled, frequent and compulsive consumption of pornography can lead to

addiction, with individuals experiencing cravings, loss of control, and negative

consequences in various areas of their lives. The Journal of the American

Psychiatric Nurses Association (2023) states that this addiction can have a

substantial effect on mental health, causing problems including depression,

anxiety, and diminished self-esteem. Moreover, excessive pornography use can

disrupt personal relationships, impairing intimacy and trust, further exacerbating

mental health challenges and hindering overall well-being (Cordero, 2020).

Thus, the proposed study aimed to investigate the Psychology Students’

Perception Towards the Sexual Behaviors of Teenagers at the University of

Southern Philippines Foundation-Lahug Campus, during the academic year 2024-

2025. Moreover, the research on the Psychology Students’ Perception Towards

the Sexual Behaviors of Teenagers, addresses a pressing concern in

contemporary society. With the widespread accessibility of explicit material online,

understanding its impact on adolescent development is crucial. By acknowledging

the multifaceted nature of the issue, the research endeavors to offer practical

recommendations for educators, parents, and policymakers. Ultimately, this study

seeks to foster a safer and more informed environment for teenagers as they

navigate the complexities of sexuality in today's digital age.

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Review of Literatures and Studies

This chapter presented related literature and studies on Psychology

students' perceptions of teenage sexual behavior at the University of Southern

Philippines Foundation. It aimed to examine adolescents' sexual development and

previous studies on students' exposure and sexual behaviors.

Pornography Exposure. The consumption of pornography has risen

sharply over the past decade. Particularly in adolescents who are in a critical

developmental stage that might be more susceptible to the effects of pornographic

content than adults, as suggested by Mestre-Bach et al. (2020).

The Philippines reported the highest global average duration of pornographic

video viewership per visit in 2021, as per PornHub, a leading international

pornographic website (Garcia, 2021). This information has led the Philippines to

launch a major crackdown on online pornography, especially targeting child abuse

online. They are committed to putting those guilty of these crimes in jail, especially

because there has been a big increase in such cases (Cepeda, 2022). This

situation is pressing and calls for urgent measures to curb serious moral and mental

health issues.

Gender plays a significant role in the prevalence of pornography use, with

studies showing that males are more likely to engage in it. Nonetheless, research

like that conducted by Jhe et al. (2023) suggests that female adolescents also

frequently view pornography. Adams et al. (2024) report that boys typically

encounter pornography for the first time at age 13, compared to age 16 for girls,
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with 39% of males viewing it daily over the past year and 46% weekly, whereas

only 4% of females viewed it daily and 19% weekly.

In terms of exposure age, research from countries like Australia and the

United States found that the average age males and females first encounter

pornography is 13 and 17 years old, respectively, despite legal restrictions against

showing or supplying pornography to those under 18 (Pathmendra et al., 2023).

Additionally, unintentional exposure to pornography is a common issue among

adolescents, with reported rates ranging from 19% among 10- to 12-year-olds in

the US to higher percentages in older Australian adolescents. Intentional use,

defined as voluntary and deliberate engagement with pornography, varies

significantly, with reports as low as 7% in the US and as high as 59% among older

students in Taiwan (Svedin et al., 2022).

Privara (2023) notes that early exposure to pornography during childhood

and adolescence can adversely affect the development of sexual identity and

relationships due to the portrayal of unrealistic gender roles, relationships, physical

perfectionism, and body images in pornographic content. Additionally, the prevalent

access to the internet among young people has led to a rise in pornography

addiction, adversely impacting their behaviors, including increased impulsivity,

diminished learning and attention capacities, poor decision-making, memory

issues, and emotional regulation deficits, as detailed by Kang et al. (2020).

Consequently, this has contributed to a higher incidence of addiction among

children and adolescents, resulting in various negative behavioral effects.

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According to Andrie (2021), a much higher proportion of adolescent males

than females reported exposure to pornography in the last 12 months, and this

pattern held true for both any occasional exposure and frequent exposure. Boys

have been previously shown not only to have greater contact with pornography but

also to be more likely to be exposed at an earlier age. The findings reveal that boys

are more frequently exposed to online sexual content, which may impact their

sexual views and behaviors.

Furthermore, exposure to pornography can profoundly affect adolescents'

cognitive functions and behaviors. According to Fibrila et al. (2020), it can detract

from focus and reduce interest in positive activities, with potential damage to the

Prefrontal Cortex—responsible for critical functions like emotion regulation,

concentration, moral judgment, and social behavior. Family dynamics, such as

living in a single-parent household, lower caregiver supervision, and weak

emotional connections with caregivers, also heighten the risk of exposure to

pornography (Hornor, 2020).

Findings indicate that Internet pornography exposure provides “artificial” (not

natural) stimuli that do not correspond to real psychosocial contacts and

interpersonal relations, which may lead to eliciting abnormal emotional responses

(Burtăverde et al., 2021). In particular, pornography plays a role in shaping young

people’s sexual understandings, expectations, and experiences (Crabbe et al.,

2024). These distorted views can disrupt relationship dynamics by encouraging

objectification and hindering communication, a growing body of evidence indicates

that young people’s pornography exposure and use has public health implications.
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Pornography addiction is related to significant psychological and

sociofunctional impairment. According to Qadri et al. (2023), long-term use of

online pornography leads to direct and proportional consequences of engaging in

maladaptive behavior. Furthermore, exposure to psychosocial trauma is also

predictive of pornography viewing. Youth who have experienced physical or sexual

abuse or who have had a recent negative life experience, such as parental divorce,

are more likely to view pornography (Hornor, 2020). Youth with Internet access on

their phones or a computer in their bedroom are more likely to view pornography.

Main characteristic features of the pornographic emotional experiences

represent un-relational and unrealistic perceptions of a second person at a

pornographic scene as a sexual object represented by various images, videos,

chats, video calls, or live streaming videos, mainly presented via pornographic

Websites such as Pornhub, RedTube, YouPorn, Xvideos, and xHamster or social

networks (Yulius, 2020). Social media platforms amplify this dehumanizing view by

showcasing content that objectifies people, treating them as mere sexual objects.

This detachment can shift how individuals perceive and relate to others, promoting

a mindset that disregards the full humanity and complexity of individuals, leading to

a more superficial and distorted view of relationships.

Sexual Behavior. The use of pornography during adolescence is

associated with an increase in risky sexual behaviors, according to Wright et al.

(2020), and is generally linked to concerning attitudinal and behavioral effects. The

ICD-10 classifies "excessive consumption of pornography" similarly to "excessive

sexual urge" or hypersexuality (F52.7), which represents intense yet non-deviant

sexual behaviors. Additionally, the ICD-11 lists excessive pornography

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consumption under "impulse control disorder," characterized by the inability to

control intense sexual impulses, leading to repetitive sexual behavior (Privara,

2023).

Jhe et al. (2023) suggests that pornography is occasionally viewed as an

educational resource, in addition to its role in sexual pleasure and leisure. Their

study found that individuals reported gaining sexual confidence from pornography,

as it exposed them to sexual acts they might not have tried otherwise. Pornography

also allows for exploration of sexual attraction, which can help in understanding

one's gender identity and sexual orientation. Furthermore, it can aid in sexual

development by demonstrating sexual acts and boosting confidence.

Nevertheless, İncekara et al. (2023) describe watching pornography as

"compulsive, addictive, impulsive, and uncontrollable". Research indicates that

addiction to internet pornography can result in negative sexual experiences,

increased sensitivity to stimuli, and symptoms associated with cravings related to

masturbation and fetishism. Conversely, Malki et al. (2021) found that most

individuals consuming pornography either do not recognize any negative outcomes

or perceive positive effects, such as gaining insights on expanding their sexual

behavior range.

Furthermore, there is significant evidence linking pornography usage to the

development of harmful sexual attitudes and behaviors towards women. For

example, portrayals in pornography that feature aggressive and demeaning

treatment of female actors—who appear to enjoy degrading acts— can lead

viewers to believe such treatment is acceptable and normal. This type of content
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can also desensitize viewers to the harm of such actions and foster

misinterpretations of real-life interactions, potentially causing serious

misunderstandings regarding consent and reinforcing harmful gender stereotypes,

as noted by Upton et al. (2020).

Pornography use is also linked to a higher likelihood of engaging in verbal

and physical sexual aggression, with a stronger correlation seen in verbal

aggression, according to Upton et al. (2020). Consumption of violent pornography

shows an even stronger association with these behaviors. Additionally,

pornography use is significantly correlated with a decreased feeling to intervene in

potential sexual violence scenarios. Schuster et al. (2020) further highlight that the

scripts in consensual sexual interactions in media are associated with an

individual’s risk of demonstrating sexually aggressive behavior and susceptibility to

sexual victimization.

The ethical concerns surrounding pornography consumption include the

objectification of individuals, loss of respect, decreased focus and concentration,

and distorted perceptions of sexuality, among others. Furthermore, according to

Waheed et al. (2023), low mood, melancholy, lower self-esteem, and decreased

appetite are some of the physiological impacts of porn. In addition to this, excessive

pornography consumption can lead to notable psychological issues, such as

heightened anxiety and persistent sadness. As suggested by Cordero (2020), if

unchecked, such behavior could spiral into addiction, posing severe threats to

mental health.
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İncekara et al. (2023), observed that individuals try to suppress their sexual

urges due to the social and cultural norms in which they live, and as a result, they

engage in undesired behaviors. Furthermore, the research by Jhe et al. (2023)

found that increased exposure to pornography among adolescents can lead to

heightened sexual preoccupation and more permissive attitudes toward sex. As a

result, young people may become more accepting of casual sexual encounters and

develop problematic views, such as seeing women as sexual objects rather than

equal partners in relationships. This shift in perspective can influence how they

approach intimacy and relationships, potentially fostering unhealthy behaviors or

attitudes about sex and respect for others.

Furthermore, Qadri et al. (2023) indicate that prolonged use of online

pornography can lead to maladaptive behaviors and sexual dissatisfaction, which

may cause individuals to seek additional sexual partners or engage in paid sex,

often resulting in unbalanced relationships. In addition to this, according to Andrie

(2021), accessing online pornography may be a dysfunctional way to cope with

stress or with abnormal mood, and as such, it is reinforced and maintained. People

might use pornography as a way to manage depression, loneliness, or fear of

death. During the pandemic, the rise in coronavirus-themed pornography was seen

by some as a means of eroticizing their anxieties. Frequent viewers often feel it

enhances their sexual experiences.

Pornography can also provide temporary relief from negative emotions such

as anxiety and stress. Qadri et al. (2023) stated that with the internet's easy

accessibility and advancements in technology, pornography has become a major

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economic industry. Nonetheless, many studies show that it negatively affects social

life. This includes social stigma among friends who do not consume pornography,

stronger bonding with male friends, excessive time spent on pornographic

websites, and difficulties in moderating its use. Additionally, social impacts may

include social awkwardness, difficulty focusing at work, reduced family interaction,

and an increase in cyber-crimes like cyber-stalking and pedophilia.

Puerto (2020), referencing Philaretou et al., highlights in the study “Clinical

Implications of Pornography Acting as a Disconnect from Physiological and

Psychological Intimacy” that habitual pornography use among men can result in a

variety of negative consequences. These include unrealistic views of sexuality,

feelings of guilt and dissatisfaction, and more serious mental health issues such as

anxiety and depression. It is crucial for mental health professionals to understand

these potential effects to provide effective treatment and support (Fall & Howard,

2015, as cited by Denise Puerto, 2020).

Theoretical Framework

This study is grounded in social learning theory and sexual script theory,

offering a framework to examine how pornography might shape sexual behaviors.

These theories elucidate how individuals learn sexual behaviors by observing

others within social contexts and how societal narratives and norms influence their

sexual experiences and reactions. According to social learning theory, the

likelihood of adopting behaviors seen in media increases when these behaviors are

perceived as realistic, and repeated exposure to pornographic content tends to

enhance its perceived realism.

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Krahe (2022) highlights that pornography serves as a medium for

observational learning, with substantial evidence linking its consumption to sexual

behavior, sexual aggression, and attitudes that condone sexual aggression.

Additionally, pornography contributes to the development of detailed mental

frameworks of sexual interactions, known as "sexual scripts". These scripts,

which incorporate both descriptive and normative elements from society's

prevailing sexual norms, shape behavior in particular sexual situations, like casual

encounters or situations involving sexual aggression. These scripts are considered

"risky" when they contain factors that could heighten the risk of sexual aggression,

such as alcohol consumption, casual sex, and unclear sexual intentions (Berger,

2021; Schuster et al., 2020).

Marshall & Miller (2022) studied how pornography use might be linked to

sexual coercion by applying sexual script theory. They found that while

pornography doesn't directly cause sexually coercive behavior, it significantly

influences it indirectly by shaping sexual expectations and behaviors through

sexual scripts. These supports using sexual script theory to understand how

pornography affects sexual coercion. Komlenac (2022) further argues that

voluntary exposure to pornography shapes sexual scripts that activate during

sexual situations, guiding the planning and execution of sexual behaviors based on

their perceived suitability and normative appropriateness.

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Regular consumption of pornography, especially when perceived as realistic,

increases the likelihood of integrating this content into one's sexual scripts,

influencing how typical or desirable certain sexual behaviors are perceived

(Schuster et al., 2020; Komlenac, 2022). This process underscores the significant

role that exposure to violent pornography plays in endorsing rape myths and

violence-supportive beliefs, revealing a troubling link between such exposure and

attitudes that minimize or justify sexual violence (Hedrick, 2021; Burnay, 2022).

Conceptual Framework

The framework below (Figure 1) shows the study's conceptual framework,

which utilized an Input-Process-Output scheme. The Input involves the

respondents' demographic profile and how pornography affects their sexual

behavior. The Process involves, designing and planning of the research,

determining the respondents of the study, developing and validating the

questionnaire, gathering of data through survey, interpreting results, developing the

findings, conclusions and recommendations. The Output involves an Intervention

Plan and Training Program that can be proposed.

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Figure 1. Flow of the Study

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Statement of the Problem

The study was conducted to explore the sexual behaviors, pornography

exposures, and sexual urges in watching pornography of students at the University

of Southern Philippines Foundation - Lahug Campus for the first semester, A.Y.

2024-2025.

This study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the Demographic profile based in terms of:

1.1. Age;

1.2. Gender

1.3. How often do respondents watch/view pornography;

1.4. How long does respondents watch/view pornography;

1.5. Form/kind of pornography viewed;

1.6. Access to pornography;

1.7. Where does the respondents usually talk about pornography;

1.8. When do respondents usually talk about pornography;

1.9. Peers who are involved in the conversation of pornography; and,

1.10. Means to communicate/talk about pornography?

2. What is the level of sexual behaviors of the respondents?

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3. What is the level of pornography exposure of the respondents?

4. What is the level of sexual urges in watching pornography of the

respondents?

5. Is there a significant difference in the sexual behaviors of the respondents

when they are grouped according to age and gender?

6. Is there a significant difference in the pornography exposure of the

respondents when they are grouped according to age and gender?

7. Is there a significant difference in the sexual urges in watching pornography

of the respondents when they are grouped according to age and gender?

8. What monograph or intervention plan can be proposed based on the

results?

Hypothesis

H01 - There is no significant difference in the sexual behaviors of the respondents

when they are grouped according to age and gender.

H02 - There is no significant difference in the pornography exposure of the

respondents when they are grouped according to age and gender.

H03 - There is no significant difference in the sexual urges in watching

pornography of the respondents when they are grouped according to age and

gender.
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Significance of the Study

The benefactors of this study are:

Students. They will become more conscious of how viewing pornography

influences their behaviors, interactions with others, and notably, their academic

performance.

The Parents. They will guide their children better than before and just like

the faculty, the parents will give more attention to their child/children.

The Faculty. They will pay adequate attention to senior high school students

who view pornography. Thus, they will be able to interact with each senior high

school student appropriately.

The School Administration. They will be aware of the student’s well-being

that could help them in promoting a safer and healthier learning environment for

students.

Future Researchers. They can use our study for their future research

purposes.

Definition of Terms

In order to avoid ambiguity, the following terms are hereby defined according

to its usage.

Pornography. Content that shows sexual acts or themes in various forms

like images, writings, or videos, which is considered inappropriate or offensive by

society's standards.
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Pornography Exposure. Seeing or interacting with sexual images, videos,

or content. This exposure can occur intentionally or accidentally through various

mediums like the internet, magazines, or movies. It often depicts explicit sexual

acts or nudity. Depending on individual perspectives and circumstances,

pornography exposure can have various effects on emotions, behaviors, and

relationships.

Psychology Students’ Perception. It is influenced by their experiences,

the academic curriculum, personal goals, and the cultural and social context of their

education. Gaining insight into these perceptions is crucial for educators,

institutions, and policymakers to enhance the educational experience and better

equip students for their future careers.

Sexual Behavior. Using the internet too much for sexual content in a way

that negatively affects everyday life, leading to uncontrollable behavior towards

such material. This content, found in various forms like images, videos, or

performances, is often explicit and goes against social norms of decency.

Teenagers. Individuals aged 13 to 19 years old and is also referred to as

adolescence. This phase, is marked by substantial physical, emotional,

psychological, and social transformations as they move from childhood to

adulthood.
 CHAPTER 2

Methodology

This section lays out how the study is designed and how the data was

collected. In particular, it covers the research design, research locale, research

respondents, research instruments, ethical consideration, data gathering

procedure, and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The study employed a descriptive and comparative correlational survey

because it aimed to describe and compare the pornography exposure of teenagers

in relation to their sexual behavior. In gathering the data, the researcher used

purposive sampling to select respondents aged 18-25. The Psychology students’

perception of the sexual behavior of teenagers, based on their experiences and

observations, served as the basis for answering the research questions through a

survey method.

Research Respondents

The researchers had aimed to have 30 participants from Psychology

students at the University of Southern Philippines Foundation – Lahug Campus,

and conducted inside their classrooms with the permission of the College of

Teacher Education, Arts and Sciences dean, Dr. Janet A. Arcana.

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Research Locale

The research study took place at the University of Southern Philippines

Foundation, Lahug Campus. It is located at Salinas Drive, Lahug Cebu City. It is

among the few educational institutions in Region 7 (Cebu) with Level III

accreditation, which offers the following educational levels/programs/courses:

Basic Education, Preschool and Elementary School, Junior High School, Senior

High School, College of Computer Studies, College of Teacher Education, Art and

Sciences, College of Engineering and Architectures, College of Health and

Sciences, College of Social Work, School of Business and Accountancy, Graduate

School, and School of Law.

One of the Departments of the university is the College of Teachers

Education Arts and Sciences, which is PACUCOA Level III accredited. It

comprises a Bachelor of Science in Psychology, Bachelor of Elementary and

Secondary Education, Bachelor of Arts in Music, Bachelor of Arts in Political

Science, and Bachelor of Arts in Literature and Language. The office and

classrooms are on the 2nd floor of Oscar Jereza Building.

Research Instruments

The researchers used an adopted-modified research questionnaire by

Bryant Infante (2014) from the research entitled: Effects of Watching Pornography

to High School Students.

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Ethical Considerations

In line with the Republic Act 10173 or known to be the Data Privacy Act of

2012, which aimed to protect the right to the personal information or data of the

individual, the researchers are aware of and recognize the ethical considerations

for this study and the possibility that these considerations may impact the study.

After further review and approval, the researchers submitted the research proposal

to the Ethics Committee of the University of Southern Philippines Foundation.

Upon data collection, the researchers ensured that the study provides the following

to research respondents.

1. The researchers disclosed in the provided informed consent form to

the potential respondents the nature of the study and the terms of their

participation, which contains information regarding anonymity, confidentiality, and

the right to withdraw.

2. The researchers ensured that neither the respondents nor the data

provided are susceptible to any harm and will be stored in a Google Drive that is

only accessible by the researchers.

3. The researchers honored and respected the views and input of the

respondents.

4. The researchers guaranteed confidentiality to respondents in all of

their endeavors.

5. All research respondents had the right to access their answers, yet;

without the privilege of access to other responses.

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6. The data gathered that is stored in the Google Drive and is only

accessible by the researchers will be deleted after 10 years.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers sought approval and guidance from the College Dean, Dr.

Janet A. Arcana, before conducting the survey. Once the researchers will receive

the approval, they will use the validated research instrument through a paper

survey.

Prior to starting the study, the researchers presented the respondents with

an informed consent form. After obtaining the respondents' agreement to

participate, the researchers arranged an appropriate testing schedule. On the

designated dates within the school year, the survey questionnaires were

distributed and collected. The data collected from the completed questionnaires

undergone a thorough analysis and interpretation to the data and pull out

necessary or common answers among the respondents that will have a high

tendency of sexual behavior.

Statistical Treatment

The data gathered was analyzed using the following tools:

1. Frequency Count and Percentage. These tools were utilized to gather

data on the profile of respondents.

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2. Weighted Mean. This statistical tool was used to determine the level of

Psychology Students’ Perception Towards the Sexual Behaviors of

Teenagers.

3. Coefficient Contingency. This was used to measure the Psychology

Students’ Perception Towards the Sexual Behaviors of Teenagers’ external

and internal barriers to show the strength of the relationship.

4. T-test. This tool was used for independent samples to determine the

significant difference between the Teenager’s Sexual Behavior and their

profiles.
 23

CHAPTER 3

Results and Discussion

This chapter presents the tabulated data, computed results and the data

analysis on the perception towards the sexual behavior of teenagers.

1. What is the Demographic profile based in terms of:

1.1. Age;
1.2. Gender
1.3. How often watching/viewing pornography;
1.4. How long watching/viewing pornography;
1.5. Form/kind of pornography viewed;
1.6. Access to pornography;
1.7. Where do usually talk about pornography;
1.8. When do usually talk about pornography;
1.9. Peers who are involved in the conversation of pornography;
and,
1.10. Means to communicate/talk about pornography

The Table 1 shows the distribution of numbers in the demographic profile

of the Respondents based on the following factors: age, gender, frequency of

watching/viewing pornography, duration of watching/viewing pornography,

forms/kinds of pornography viewed, access to pornography, frequency of

discussing pornography, peers involved in conversations about pornography, and

means of communication used to talk about pornography.

23
 24

Table 1 Personal Profile

Distribution of numbers in demographic profile of the respondents base on age,
gender, often watching /viewing pornography, long watching/viewing pornography,
Form/kind of pornography viewed, access to pornography, access to pornography,
usually talk about pornography, peers who are involved in the conversation of
pornography, means to communicate/talk about pornography.

Profile f %
Age
18 and below 0 0
19 – 20 8 26.66
21 – 22 12 40.00
23 – 24 9 30.00
25 and above 1 3.33
Gender
Male 11 36..66
Female 14 46.66
LGBTQ+ 5 16.66
How often watching/viewing pornography
Daily 2 6.66
Once a week 6 20.00
2 – 4 times a week 1 3.33
Once a month 8 26.66
Only once 13 43.33
How long watching/viewing pornography
About an hour 14 46.66
2 – 4 hours 1 3.33
4 – 5 hours 0 0
5 hours and above 15 50.00
Form/kind of pornography viewed
Picture/Images 6 20.00
 25

Films/Videos 22 73.33
Porntoon 2 6.66
Access to pornography
Online 27 90.00
Offline 0 0
Both online and offline 3 10.00
Where do usually talk about pornography
Classroom/school 10 33.33
At home 9 30.00
Friend’s/neighbor house 7 23.33
Computer shops 0 0
Riding a car 2 6.66
Others 2 6.66
When do usually talk about pornography
During class discussions related to 7 23.33
the lesson
During class that is not related to the 2 6.66
lesson
During vacant time/ leisure 14 46.66
Others 7 23.33
Peers who are involved in the conversation of pornography
Classmates 7 23.33
Brother/s / sister/s 0 0
Cousin/relatives 1 3.33
Friends 16 53.33
Others 6 20.00
Means to communicate/talk about pornography
Face to Face 19 63.33
Online Network 3 10.00
Mobile Networks 8 26.66
 26

The table shows the data presents the demographic and behavioral profile

of respondents regarding their exposure and discussions about pornography. Most

respondents fall between the ages of 21–22 years (40%), followed by those aged

23–24 years (30%). A smaller percentage are 19–20 years old (26.66%), and only

3.33% are 25 or older. There are no respondents below 18 years. In terms of

gender distribution, females make up the largest group (46.66%), followed by

males (36.66%) and LGBTQ+ individuals (16.66%).

Regarding the frequency of watching pornography, (43.33%) of

respondents reported viewing it only once, while (26.66%) view it monthly, and

(20%) watch it weekly. A minimal number watch it daily (6.66%). As for the duration

of viewing, half (50%) spend five hours or more, while 46.66% watch for about an

hour. None reported viewing between 4–5 hours. Films or videos are the most

common form of pornography consumed (73.33%), followed by pictures/images

(20%) and porntoon (6.66%).

Access to pornography is predominantly online (90%), with only 10%

accessing both online and offline, and no one relying solely on offline sources.

Conversations about pornography occur primarily in classrooms or schools

(33.33%), at home (30%), or at a friend's or neighbor's house (23.33%). They

rarely happen in cars (6.66%) or other places. Most discussions occur during

leisure time (46.66%), while (23.33%) talk about it during lessons related to the

topic.

Peers involved in these discussions are mostly friends (53.33%) or

classmates (23.33%), while family members like siblings are not mentioned.
 27

Conversations are predominantly face-to-face (63.33%), though mobile networks

(26.66%) and online networks (10%) are also used. This data highlights how young

adults interact with and discuss pornography, emphasizing varying frequencies,

mediums, and social contexts.

These findings align that highlight of young adults as the most active

consumers of online media, including pornography, due to increased digital literacy

and accessibility (Flander et al., 2021). The absence of respondents below 18

years underscores ethical considerations in research and aligns with laws

restricting minors’ access to adult content (Barbaglia et al., 2022).

In terms of gender distribution, females make up the largest group

(46.66%), followed by males (36.66%) and LGBTQ+ individuals (16.66%). This

reflects changing societal norms, where women and individuals from diverse

sexual orientations increasingly engage with and discuss sexual content openly,

challenging traditional gender stereotypes (Van Ouytsel et al., 2021). Studies

during this period have highlighted that pornography consumption is becoming a

more normalized aspect of sexual exploration for diverse populations (Willoughby

et al., 2020).

Regarding the frequency of viewing, most respondents (43.33%) reported

viewing pornography only once, while 26.66% watch it monthly, and 20% weekly.

Daily viewers remain a minority (6.66%). These findings are consistent with

research indicating that while pornography is widely accessible, not all individuals

engage with it habitually; viewing patterns are influenced by personal, social, and

cultural factors (Kohut et al., 2021). As for duration, 50% reported spending five
 28

hours or more viewing pornography, reflecting trends that increased screen time,

particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributed to prolonged engagement

with digital media (Balzarini et al., 2020).

The most consumed form of pornography is films or videos (73.33%),

followed by pictures/images (20%) and porntoon (6.66%). This aligns with findings

that video content dominates the market due to its immersive nature and the

popularity of streaming platforms (Malacane et al., 2021). Online access (90%)

significantly outweighs offline or mixed access (10%), further emphasizing the

impact of digital technology and internet availability in shaping consumption habits

(Wright et al., 2021).

Discussions about pornography occur primarily in classrooms or schools

(33.33%), at home (30%), or at a friend's or neighbor's house (23.33%), often

during leisure time (46.66%). This supports recent research indicating that

pornography-related discussions are becoming more common among peers in

informal and educational settings, driven by increasing openness about sexuality

and media influence (Stevens et al., 2022). Conversations predominantly involve

friends (53.33%) and occur face-to-face (63.33%), though mobile (26.66%) and

online networks (10%) also serve as communication platforms.

In summary, this data highlights the evolving dynamics of pornography

consumption and discussion among young adults, shaped by digital technology,

changing societal attitudes, and broader accessibility and emphasizing the

normalization of sexual content consumption and the role of digital platforms in

modern sexual behavior.

 29

2. What is the level of sexual behaviors of the respondents?

The Table 2 shows the distribution of numbers in the level of sexual behaviors of
the respondents.

Table 2 Pornography Addiction

Distribution of number of the level of sexual behaviors of the respondents

Indicators Sd Mean Interpretation

1. I always prefer to feel an orgasm. 1.18 3.06 Average
2. My day is not complete when I didn’t 0.92 1.55 Very Low
view porn stuff.
3. I wonder about other sex position. 1.26 3.03 Average
4. I used to react when I heard the word 1.07 2.34 Low
“sex” and some other related Words.
5. I feel excited watching pornography 0.95 2.58 Low
materials.
Average Mean 2.517 Low
Scale: 1.0 – 1.80 “Very Low”, 1.81 – 2.60 “Low”, 2.61 – 3.40 “Average”,
3.41 – 4.20 “High”, 4.21 – 5.0 “Very High”

The table provided highlights responses to a set of indicators measuring

attitudes and behaviors related to sexual interests, based on their means and

standard deviations (Sd). The mean scores reflect the average level of agreement

or experience among participants for each indicator, while the interpretation

categorizes these levels as "Very Low," "Low," or "Average."

For Indicator 1, "I always prefer to feel an orgasm," the mean score is 3.06,

interpreted as "Average," suggesting that this is a moderately common preference

among respondents. Indicator 2, "My day is not complete when I didn’t view porn

stuff," has a mean of 1.55 and is categorized as "Very Low," indicating that most

respondents do not heavily rely on pornography for daily satisfaction. For

Indicator 3, "I wonder about other sex positions," the mean is 3.03, also labeled
 30

"Average," reflecting a moderate curiosity about exploring sexual variety.

Indicator 4, "I used to react when I heard the word 'sex' and some other related

words," scored 2.34, interpreted as "Low," implying limited sensitivity or emotional

reaction to such language. Lastly, Indicator 5, "I feel excited watching

pornography materials," has a mean score of 2.58, falling under the "Low"

category, which indicates a mild level of excitement.

The overall average mean of 2.517 across all indicators falls within the

"Low" interpretation. This suggests that, on the whole, the group exhibits a

restrained or moderate attitude toward sexual interests and related behaviors,

with specific variations depending on the indicator. The standard deviation values

further demonstrate the degree of variability in responses, with the lowest Sd of

0.92 for Indicator 2 signifying the greatest consensus and the highest Sd of 1.26

for Indicator 3 indicating more diverse views.

In other terms, the analysis presented in the table summarizes participants'

responses to indicators measuring attitudes and behaviors related to sexual

interests. Mean scores and standard deviations (Sd) are used to capture both

central tendencies and the variability of responses. The mean values categorize

attitudes and behaviors as "Very Low," "Low," or "Average," allowing for nuanced

interpretation. For Indicator 1, "I always prefer to feel an orgasm," the mean score

of 3.06 is interpreted as "Average," indicating a moderately common preference

among respondents. This aligns with recent studies, which emphasize that sexual

satisfaction and orgasm frequency vary widely among individuals and are

influenced by relational and psychological factors (Thomas et al., 2021).

 31

In indicator 2, "My day is not complete when I didn’t view porn stuff," has a

mean score of 1.55, falling under the "Very Low" category. This finding reflects

minimal reliance on pornography for daily satisfaction. Supporting this observation,

reported a slight decline in daily pornography consumption, likely due to shifting

attitudes toward digital media use and growing awareness of its potential negative

effects on mental health (Smith et al., 2022). For Indicator 3, "I wonder about other

sex positions," the mean score of 3.03 is interpreted as "Average," highlighting

moderate curiosity about exploring sexual variety. Studies emphasize that such

curiosity is a common aspect of adult sexual behavior and is often linked to healthy

exploration and communication within relationships (Carter et al., 2021).

In indicator 4, "I used to react when I heard the word 'sex' and some other

related words," yielded a mean score of 2.34, categorized as "Low." This suggests

limited sensitivity or emotional reaction to sexual language, which may reflect

changing societal norms around discussing sexuality openly (Garcia and Johnson,

2022). Lastly, Indicator 5, "I feel excited watching pornography materials," with a

mean score of 2.58, also falls under the "Low" category. This aligns with findings

who observed that while pornography consumption remains widespread,

emotional engagement with such materials varies significantly based on individual

values and cultural influences (Kim et al., 2020).

The overall average mean of 2.517 across all indicators suggests a

generally restrained or moderate attitude toward sexual interests and behaviors.

The standard deviation values further illustrate the variability in responses, with

the lowest Sd (0.92) for Indicator 2 indicating strong consensus and the highest
 32

Sd (1.26) for Indicator 3 suggesting more diverse perspectives. This variability

underscores the multifaceted nature of sexual attitudes, as highlighted in recent

studies, and demonstrates the importance of considering both collective trends

and individual differences when interpreting such data.

3. What is the level of pornography exposure of the respondents?

The Table 3 shows the distribution of numbers in the Level of Pornography
Exposure of the Respondents.

Table 3 Level of Pornography Exposure of the Respondents

Indicators Sd Mean Interpretation

1. I draw porn images in my paper, notebooks, 0.95 1.44 Very Low
desks, books, etc.
2. I used to offer to other people pornographic 0.77 1.27 Very Low
item.
3. I encourage other people to watch X-Rated 0.78 1.31 Very Low
films.
4. I enjoy watching and viewing pornographic 1.07 2.69 Average
images.
5. I was caught by my parent/s watching X- 1.02 1.55 Very Low
Rated images or films.
6. I prioritized to watch/view pornography 0.87 1.37 Very Low
rather than educational TV shows.
7. I buy pornographic items/magazines. 0.81 1.27 Very Low
8. I once write a porn vandal on my classmate’s 0.77 1.27 Very Low
notes (e.g. I want to fuck you, let’s have sex).
9. I love to read pocketbooks of pornographic 1.29 2.13 Low
themes.
10. I am fascinated with pornographic materials 1.24 2.17 Low
Average Mean 1.652 Very Low
 33

Scale: 1.0 – 1.80 “Very Low”, 1.81 – 2.60 “Low”, 2.61 – 3.40 “Average”,
3.41 – 4.20 “High”, 4.21 – 5.0 “Very High”

The data reflects respondents' behaviors and attitudes toward engaging

with or promoting pornography through a series of indicators, with findings

summarized by mean scores and corresponding interpretations. Most behaviors

were rated as "Very Low," including drawing pornographic images (Mean = 1.44),

offering pornographic items to others (Mean = 1.27), and encouraging others to

watch X-rated films (Mean = 1.31). Other low-engagement behaviors include

buying pornographic items or magazines (Mean = 1.27), prioritizing pornography

over educational TV shows (Mean = 1.37), and writing explicit notes on

classmates’ belongings (Mean = 1.27). A slight increase in engagement was

observed for reading pocketbooks with pornographic themes (Mean = 2.13) and

being fascinated by pornographic materials (Mean = 2.17), which were rated as

"Low." Notably, enjoying watching and viewing pornographic images was rated

"Average" (Mean = 2.69). Overall, the average mean score (1.652) indicates a

"Very Low" level of engagement with pornography-related behaviors, suggesting

limited interaction or interest among the respondents.

Recent studies support these findings, highlighting that while digital access

has made pornography more accessible, most young adults exhibit selective

engagement rather than active promotion or distribution of such materials (Wright

et al., 2021). Research also emphasizes that behaviors like sharing or promoting

explicit content are less common due to increased awareness of social stigma and

legal repercussions associated with pornography (De Santis et al., 2021).

 34

Additionally, findings suggest that the limited fascination with pornographic

materials may be influenced by shifts in digital literacy and the availability of

diverse entertainment options, reducing the centrality of explicit content in young

adults' media consumption (Willoughby et al., 2020). These studies underscore

the importance of understanding the nuanced relationship between accessibility,

individual behavior, and societal norms.

In conclusion, the data reveals that respondents show very low levels of

engagement with pornography-related behaviors, with most activities rated as

minimal or low. This aligns with recent studies, which suggest that while

pornography is easily accessible, young adults tend to engage selectively and

avoid behaviors like promoting or distributing explicit content. Societal stigma,

legal concerns, and alternative entertainment options likely contribute to this

restrained interaction with pornography. These findings emphasize the importance

of considering broader societal influences, including digital literacy and awareness

of potential consequences, in shaping engagement with pornography.

 35

4. What is the level of sexual urges in watching pornography of the

respondents?
The Table 4 shows the distribution of numbers in the Level of Sexual Urges in
Watching Pornography of the Respondents.

Table 4 Level of Sexual Urges in Watching Pornography of the Respondents

Indicators Sd Mean Interpretation

1. As I do my homework/projects, etc., I 0.78 1.34 Very Low
simultaneously view pornographic
Images/films (online network).
2. I watch porn sites in contexts where I should 1.01 1.62 Very Low
not (e.g. in other people’s homes, at school
or work…).
3. As we have a group conversation, I 1.00 1.72 Very Low
simultaneously discuss pornography.
4. I use pornography as a reward for 1.08 1.58 Very Low
accomplishing something.
5. As time goes by, I can’t control myself to 1.13 1.69 Very Low
watch pornographic videos.
6. I associate things/foods to some porn 1.23 2.31 Low
images. (ex. 2 balls, hotdogs, eggplant,
banana).
7. I reiterate/recap in my mind what I had 1.08 2.44 Low
viewed or watched.
8. I neglected my family and friends because I 0.76 1.24 Very Low
had to watch porn sites.
9. I neglected other leisure activities as a result 0.88 1.48 Very Low
of watching porn.
10. I released my tension by watching porn. 1.30 2.03 Low
Average Mean 1.748 Very Low

Scale: 1.0 – 1.80 “Very Low”, 1.81 – 2.60 “Low”, 2.61 – 3.40 “Average”,
3.41 – 4.20 “High”, 4.21 – 5.0 “Very High”
 36

The table highlights the respondents' level of sexual urges linked to

pornography consumption, evaluated through various indicators. Most behaviors

were classified as "Very Low," indicating minimal engagement. For instance,

activities such as viewing pornography while performing tasks like homework or

projects (Mean = 1.34), watching it in inappropriate contexts such as at work or

school (Mean = 1.62), and using pornography as a self-reward (Mean = 1.58)

were rated low. Similarly, neglecting social interactions with family and friends

(Mean = 1.24) or leisure activities (Mean = 1.48) due to pornography also showed

minimal influence. Slightly elevated scores, although still within the "Low" range,

included associating objects or foods with pornographic imagery (Mean = 2.31),

mentally replaying pornographic content (Mean = 2.44), and using pornography

to relieve tension (Mean = 2.03). With an average mean score of 1.748, the data

suggests a "Very Low" level of sexual urges influenced by pornography, implying

limited impact on respondents' daily behaviors or priorities.

Recent studies align with these findings, suggesting that while

pornography is easily accessible in the digital age, its influence varies significantly

across individuals. For instance, the majority of young adults engage with

pornography occasionally and often in ways that do not disrupt their routines or

responsibilities (Grubbs et al., 2022). Similarly, emphasize that guilt and societal

norms play a critical role in mitigating excessive consumption or behaviors tied to

pornography (Wright et al., 2021). Another study found that most individuals

maintain control over their consumption, with only a small percentage exhibiting
 37

compulsive tendency that interfere with their daily lives (Lim et al., 2020). These

studies suggest that while some engagement with pornography exists, it often

does not escalate to a level where it negatively impacts personal or social well-

being.

In conclusion, the data suggest that respondents exhibit very low levels of

sexual urges related to pornography consumption, with minimal influence on their

daily behaviors and priorities. This is consistent with recent studies, which indicate

that while pornography is widely accessible, its impact is often limited, with most

individuals maintaining control over their consumption. The role of guilt, societal

norms, and individual self-regulation appears to mitigate any significant disruption

to personal or social well-being. These findings emphasize that occasional

pornography engagement does not generally escalate into problematic

behaviors.

5. Is there a significant difference in the sexual behaviors of the

respondents when they are grouped according to age and gender?

The Table 5 shows the distribution of numbers in the Test of Significant

Difference in the Sexual Behaviors of the Respondents.

Table 5 Test of Significant Difference in the Sexual Behaviors of the

Respondents

Kruskal Wallis Test P value Decision

Sexual Behaviors to Age 0.309 retain the Ho

Sexual Behavior to Gender 0.070 retain the Ho

 38

Note: If p ≤ 0.05, with a significant difference

The table displays the outcomes of the Kruskal-Wallis test, which was used

to assess whether there are significant differences in sexual behaviors based on

respondents' age and gender. For sexual behaviors related to age, the p-value is

0.309, indicating that the null hypothesis (Ho) is retained. This result suggests no

statistically significant differences in sexual behaviors across different age

groups. Similarly, for sexual behaviors associated with gender, the p-value is

0.070, which also supports the null hypothesis. This implies that gender does not

significantly influence the sexual behaviors of the respondents. Overall, these

findings suggest that neither age nor gender significantly impacts the sexual

behaviors of the respondents, as the p-values exceed the 0.05 significance level.

Recent studies support these findings, suggesting that sexual behaviors

are influenced more by psychosocial and environmental factors rather than

demographic variables like age and gender. Research indicates that while age

and gender may shape attitudes toward sexuality, they do not necessarily predict

sexual behaviors in diverse populations (Mark et al., 2022). Similarly, sexual

behaviors are often more correlated with access to sexual education, cultural

norms, and exposure to digital media rather than inherent demographic traits

(Wright et al., 2021). Another study emphasizes that variations in sexual

behaviors are more context-dependent and less tied to biological factors such as

age and gender (Joyal and Carpentier, 2020). These studies align with the results

of this analysis, highlighting the complexity and multifactorial nature of sexual

behaviors.
 39

In conclusion, the findings from the Kruskal-Wallis test suggest that age

and gender do not significantly affect the sexual behaviors of respondents. This

supports the idea that sexual behaviors are influenced by factors beyond

demographic variables, such as cultural context, sexual education, and exposure

to media, rather than simply age or gender. These results highlight the importance

of psychosocial and environmental factors in shaping sexual behavior, reinforcing

the complex and multifactorial nature of human sexuality.

6. Is there a significant difference in the pornography exposure of the

respondents when they are grouped according to age and gender?

The Table 6 shows the distribution of numbers in the Test of Significant Difference
in the Pornography Exposure of the Respondent.

Table 6 Test of Significant Difference in the Pornography Exposure of the

Respondents

Kruskal Wallis Test P value Decision

Pornography Exposure to Age 0.161 retain the Ho

Pornography Exposure to Gender 0.824 retain the Ho

Note: If p ≤ 0.05, with a significant difference

The table presents the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test, which assessed

whether there are significant differences in pornography exposure among

respondents based on age and gender. For pornography exposure in relation to

age, the p-value is 0.161, indicating that the null hypothesis (Ho) is retained. This

result suggests that there is no statistically significant difference in pornography

 40

exposure across different age groups. Similarly, the p-value for gender is 0.824,

which also supports the retention of the null hypothesis, meaning there is no

significant variation in pornography exposure between males, females, and other

genders. Therefore, these findings suggest that neither age nor gender

significantly affects the respondents' exposure to pornography, as the p-values

exceed the significance level of 0.05.

Recent studies offer additional context to these findings. Research on

pornography consumption trends suggests that factors such as access to the

internet, cultural influences, and individual psychological traits may have a more

substantial impact on exposure than demographic variables like age and gender.

An investigation found that while age and gender may shape preferences for

certain types of pornography, overall exposure patterns are similar across

different demographic groups (Lammers et al., 2021). It indicated that gender

differences in pornography exposure are narrowing due to the increasing

accessibility of online content (Pantic et al., 2022). They emphasized that the

rapid proliferation of digital media has led to more ubiquitous and indiscriminate

exposure, regardless of age or gender. The contextual and socio-cultural factor,

such as peer influence and media exposure, are often more predictive of

pornography consumption than demographic attributes (Sadeghi et al., 2020).

These studies align with the findings of this analysis, suggesting that pornography

exposure is more influenced by external factors than by intrinsic characteristics

such as age and gender.

 41

In conclusion, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrate that there

are no significant differences in pornography exposure based on age or gender

among the respondents. This aligns with recent studies indicating that factors

beyond demographic characteristics, such as digital media access and cultural

influences, play a more significant role in shaping pornography consumption

behaviors. The findings suggest that, in the context of this study, age and gender

do not significantly impact pornography exposure, and future research may need

to focus more on external factors such as media environment, social influences,

and individual psychological factors to understand the broader patterns of

pornography consumption.

7. Is there a significant difference in the sexual urges in watching

pornography of the respondents when they are grouped according to age
and gender?

The Table 6 shows the distribution of numbers in the Test of Significant Difference
in the Sexual Urges in Watching Pornography of the Respondents.

Table 7 Test of Significant Difference in the Sexual Urges in Watching

Pornography of the Respondents.

Kruskal Wallis Test P value Decision

Sexual Urges in Watching 0.835 retain the Ho

Pornography to Age

Sexual Urges in Watching 0.422 retain the Ho

Pornography to Gender

Note: If p ≤ 0.05, with a significant difference

 42

The Kruskal-Wallis test results in your study suggest that both age and

gender do not significantly affect sexual urges related to pornography, as the p-

values for both age (0.835) and gender (0.422) exceed the typical significance

threshold of 0.05. Recent studies also highlight similar findings, where there are

no substantial differences in pornography consumption across different age

groups (Moreno et al., 2022), and gender-related variations in sexual urges

connected to pornography remain inconclusive (Grubbs et al., 2021). Thus, the

null hypothesis remains supported in your analysis, aligning with broader research

trends showing minimal age or gender influence on sexual urges linked to

pornography differences.

In conclusion, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test in this study, alongside

recent literature, support the conclusion that age and gender do not significantly

influence sexual urges related to pornography. Despite the potential for individual

differences in pornography consumption patterns, no clear patterns emerge in

relation to these demographic factors. This finding aligns with other studies, which

similarly report minimal impact of age and gender on sexual urges linked to

pornography consumption. Therefore, interventions addressing sexual behavior

and media consumption may not need to focus on age or gender as primary

factors.
 43

CHAPTER 4

Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter summarizes the findings, conclusions, and recommendations

significant to the study.

Findings of the Study

The findings of the study are summarized as follows:

1. The majority of respondents are aged 21-22, with smaller groups in the 19-

20 and 23-24 ranges, and no respondents under 18, ensuring ethical

compliance. There is a higher percentage of females compared to males and

LGBTQ+ individuals, indicating growing openness across genders and

orientations.

2. 43.33% of respondents have viewed pornography only once, 26.66% watch

it monthly, 20% weekly, and 6.66% daily. Half of the respondents spend five

or more hours viewing pornography, with 46.66% spending about an hour.

The most common format consumed is films/videos (73.33%), followed by

pictures (20%) and porntoon (6.66%). Online access is dominant (90%)

compared to offline sources (10%).

3. Pornography consumption mostly occurs in classrooms (33.33%), at home

(30%), or with friends and neighbors (23.33%), primarily during leisure time

(46.66%). Most discussions about pornography happen face-to-face

(63.33%) with friends (53.33%) or classmates (23.33%), while mobile

(26.66%) and online networks (10%) are less frequently used.

43
 44

4. The respondents exhibit a generally restrained or moderate attitude toward

sexual interests, with an overall mean of 2.517 ("Low"). Preferences for

orgasm (3.06) and curiosity about sex positions (3.03) are moderately

common, while excitement from pornography (2.58) and reactions to sexual

language (2.34) are lower. Minimal reliance on pornography for daily

satisfaction is particularly notable (mean = 1.55).

5. Standard deviations reflect variability in responses, indicating diverse

individual attitudes. The greatest consensus was observed for minimal

reliance on pornography (Sd = 0.92), while the most variability was seen in

curiosity about other sex positions (Sd = 1.26).

6. The respondents display very low levels of engagement with pornography-

related behaviors, with most activities such as drawing pornographic images

(Mean = 1.44) or offering pornographic items (Mean = 1.27) rated as "Very

Low." Slightly higher levels were noted for reading pornographic pocketbooks

(Mean = 2.13) and watching pornographic images (Mean = 2.69), categorized

as "Low" to "Average."

7. The minimal engagement in pornography-related behaviors reflects societal

stigma, legal consequences, and digital literacy. The respondents show more

selective consumption rather than active promotion, in line with broader

research on the topic.

8. The respondents exhibit a "Very Low" level of sexual urges linked to

pornography consumption (Mean = 1.748). Even behaviors like associating

 45

objects with pornography or replaying explicit content remain within the "Low"

category, indicating minimal impact on their daily lives and routines.

9. Studies support the findings that occasional consumption of pornography is

typical among young adults and does not disrupt daily routines. Societal

norms, guilt, and self-regulation help prevent compulsive consumption.

10. The Kruskal-Wallis test results show no significant differences in sexual

behaviors, pornography exposure, or sexual urges based on age or gender.

The p-values exceed 0.05, suggesting these demographic factors do not

significantly influence these aspects of sexual behavior or pornography

consumption among the respondents.

Conclusions

The following conclusions were attached as a result of the findings:

1. It ensures ethical compliance by focusing on participants aged 18 and

above, with the majority between 21-22. This range reflects an age group

typically considered to have the maturity to engage in discussions about

sensitive topics like pornography consumption.

2. There is a notable trend of openness across genders and sexual

orientations. A higher percentage of female and LGBTQ+ respondents may

indicate an evolving societal acceptance and comfort in discussing sexuality

across diverse groups.

3. A significant portion of respondents consumes pornography infrequently,

with 43.33% viewing it only once and 46.66% spending about an hour per
 46

session. This suggests that while pornography consumption is present, it

may not be a dominant or daily activity for most young adults.

4. Pornography consumption primarily occurs in environments like

classrooms, homes, and with peers. This highlights the social aspect of

consumption, where discussions and shared experiences seem to take

place in familiar, less private settings.

5. The respondents display generally moderate sexual interests, with minimal

reliance on pornography for daily satisfaction. This suggests that while

pornography is a part of some respondents' lives, it is not a central or

disruptive factor in their sexual development or daily routines.

6. There is very little engagement with pornography-related behaviors, such

as drawing pornographic images or offering explicit items, suggesting

societal stigma and a focus on private consumption rather than public

promotion.

7. The respondents' minimal engagement in activities like replaying explicit

content or associating objects with pornography points to the fact that

pornography consumption is not significantly impacting their daily routines

or mental states. This aligns with research suggesting that occasional

consumption does not disrupt the everyday lives of young adults.

8. It indicates that pornography consumption among young adults is generally

moderate and not disruptive, with minimal impact on their daily lives. The

respondents also exhibit a low level of engagement in pornography-related

behaviors, which aligns with broader societal norms and self-regulation.

 47

Recommendations

In connection with the conclusion mention, the researchers recommended the

following:

1. For the students. It encourages students to explore and understand

healthy sexual behaviors and relationships while recognizing the impact

of pornography. Educational resources about consent, respect, and the

differences between fantasy and reality should be provided. Create also

safe spaces where students can discuss sensitive topics like sexuality,

media consumption, and personal boundaries without fear of judgment,

to help them better understand their own behaviors and emotions.

2. For the teachers. It provides lessons on media literacy, focusing on how

digital content, including pornography, can shape perceptions of

sexuality. Teachers should help students critically evaluate media

consumption and its implications for real-world relationships and self-

image. It also ensures that discussions around sexuality and related

topics are inclusive of all sexual orientations and identities, creating an

environment where students feel comfortable seeking guidance or

clarification.

3. For the administrators. It Offer robust counselling services where

students can talk about issues like pornography consumption or sexual

development without stigma. Provide professional support to address

potential concerns, such as addiction or harmful effects. It also Develop

programs that educate students about healthy sexuality and the

 48

potential effects of pornography on mental health, relationships, and

self-esteem. This can be done through workshops or seminars

conducted by experts in the field.

4. For the society. Society should continue to normalize discussions

about sexuality, relationships, and media consumption, ensuring that

these conversations are respectful of all identities and that information

is provided in a balanced and fact-based manner. Society also

advocates for comprehensive and inclusive sex education in schools,

focusing on emotional, psychological, and physical aspects of sexuality.

This helps students develop a balanced understanding of sexuality and

its media representations.

5. For the Future Researchers. Future research could focus on the long-

term effects of moderate pornography consumption on young adults'

relationships and mental health, considering different cultural and

societal contexts. Further studies also could investigate whether there

are differences in how pornography consumption affects individuals

based on gender, sexual orientation, or cultural background, and how

these factors might influence educational and therapeutic approaches.

Researchers should explore the role of social media in shaping

perceptions of pornography and sexual behavior, as the line between

entertainment and sexual content is often blurred on these platforms.

 49

INTERVENTION PROGRAM

Rationale:

The intervention program is designed to help students deal with the challenges of

pornography addiction and its impact on their mental, emotional, and social well-

being. As pornography becomes increasingly accessible, this initiative aims to

provide students with the knowledge and tools they need to recognize addiction,

understand its consequences, and adopt healthier attitudes toward media and

sexuality. The program combines workshops, peer support groups, counseling,

and media literacy training to encourage responsible digital consumption and

healthy relationships with sexuality. The program works to foster healthier

attitudes, increase awareness, and encourage ethical behavior and practices

regarding sensitive issues like sexual health, consent, and behavior. Through

bridging knowledge gaps, challenging stereotypes, reducing stigma, and

promoting cultural sensitivity, the program will help students engage with sexuality

in a professional, ethical, and inclusive way, fostering a deeper understanding of

sexual health and empathy.

Objective:

This intervention program aims to educate students, enhance their understanding

of sexual health, consent, and behavior, while challenging misconceptions and

promoting ethical practices in handling sensitive topics.

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54
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 64

APPENDICES

Appendix A
 65

Appendix B

Instrument with Informed Consent

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES FOUNDATION

Office of the Research Ethics Committee
Salinas Drive, Lahug, Cebu City, 6000 Philippines •
Tel Nos.: (6332) 414-8773 Email: [email protected]

“Do not use for collection of biospecimens or research involving genetic/genomic

analyses or experiments”

Informed Consent Form for Participation in a Research Study

Title of the study:

“Psychology Students’ Perception Towards the Sexual Behavior of Teenagers at
The University of Southern Philippines Foundation”

Name of the Researcher(s):

1. Judelin Medith P. Enriquez 3. Jeia G. Basaka
2. Shenna F. Jayson 4. Clint Michael L. Narido

Name of the Institution (where the researcher are affiliated)

University of Southern Philippines Foundation-Lahug Campus

Introduction

We are inviting you to participate in a research study about the Psychology

Students’ Perception Towards the Sexual Behavior of Teenagers, which shall take
place at the University of Southern Philippines Foundation-Lahug Campus. This form will
tell you about the study to help you decide whether you want to take part in it. Your
participation is completely voluntary. Please read the information below, and ask
questions about anything you do not understand, before deciding whether to participate.
Please take the time to read the following information carefully.

If you decide to participate, you will be asked to sign this form and be given a copy.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study is to investigate the extent of Perception Towards the
Sexual Behavior among Psychology Students. If you choose to participate, you will be
asked to answer three survey questionnaires onsite at the University of Southern
Philippines Foundation during the school year 2024-2025. This will take approximately
30 minutes. Risks or discomfort from this research include personal questions that may
make you uncomfortable. While there is no direct immediate benefit, this research will
help contribute valuable information to a better understanding of youth behaviors for
academic and social interventions.
 66

Study Procedures
If you volunteer or participate in this study, you will be asked to answer six survey
questionnaires regarding Psychology Students’ Perception Towards the Sexual Behavior
of Teenagers at The University of Southern Philippines Foundation.
Check the box below for your answer:

Yes, it’s okay for me to be recorded.

No, it’s not okay for me to be recorded.

Potential Risks and Discomforts

You may feel discomfort during the test because of some sensitive nature of the
topic being studied. You may opt not to answer questions that make you feel
uncomfortable or may trigger any emotional or psychological distress, or you can
withdraw as a participant of the study if you feel that you cannot discuss the information
that is asked from you. The researcher values your participation and will place your
welfare and well-being as their highest priority during the study.

Potential Benefits to the Participants and/or to Society

While there are no direct benefits to participants, your responses will contribute
to a better understanding of the topic, which could benefit society by informing
educational strategies and policies.

Confidentiality
We will keep your records for this study confidential as far as permitted by law.
Any identifiable information obtained in connection with this study will remain confidential,
except, if necessary, to protect your privacy, rights and/or welfare. This certificate means
that the researcher can resist the release of information about your participation to people
who are not connected with the study. When the results of the research are published or
discussed in conferences, no identifiable information will be used.

Participation and Withdrawal

Your participation is voluntary. Your refusal to participate will involve penalty or
loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled. You may withdraw your consent at
any time and continue participation without penalty. You are not waiving any legal claims,
rights or remedies because of your participation in this research study.

Investigator’s Contact Information

If you have any questions or concerns about the research, please feel free to
contact the researchers or the USPF Office of the Research Ethics Committee through
their email and cellphone number if you need to see them, they can be located at the
University of Southern Philippines Foundation with contact number (032) 4148 773
Lahug, Cebu City.

Judelin Medith P. Enriquez

[email protected]
09157250402
 67

[For questions about the assent and informed consent and any other ethical consents
regarding this research, please contact the USPF Institutional Chairperson with the
contact information below.

Faye Coleen Suyao, MA Anth

[email protected]
Institutional Chairman
USPF Research Ethics Committee

Research Participant’s Consent

I have read the information provided above. I have been given a chance to ask
questions. My answers have been answered to my satisfaction, and I agree to
participate in this study. I have been given copy of this form. I can withdraw my
consent at any time and discontinue participation without penalty.

SIGNATURE ABOVE AND DATE SIGNED

PRINTED NAME OF PARTICIPANT

To be accomplished by the Researcher Obtaining Consent:

I have explained the research to the participant and answered all his/her questions. I
believe that he/she understands the information described in this document and freely
consents to participate.

Name of Person Obtaining Consent Date Signed

Endorsed by/Recommended by:

JOHN MICHAEL T. TALINGTING, LPT

Adviser
College of Teacher Education, Arts and Sciences
University of Southern Philippines Foundation – Lahug Campus
 68

Research Instrument

An adopted-modified research instrument from the study of Bryant Infante (2014)

entitled “Effects of Watching Pornography to High School Students”

PART I. PERSONAL PROFILE

Direction: Please provide the information below. Write (√) on the space provided.

Name (optional):

________________________
Age: _______
Gender: ___ Male ___ Female ___ LGBTQ+

PART II. PORNOGRAPHY ADDICTION

Direction: Please provide the information below. Write (√) on the space provided.

1. How often do I view/watch Pornography?

___Daily
___Once a week
___2-4 times a week
___Once a month
___Only once

2. How long do I watch Pornography per viewing?

___About an hour
___2-4 Hours
___4-5 hours
___5-above
___Kindly indicate

3. What form/kind of Pornography I used to view?

___ Picture/Images
___ Films/Videos (Persons Involved)
___ Porntoon (animated porn)
Other forms/kinds of Pornography I used to view?
________________________
(please specify)
 69

PART III. TOPIC FOR EXPOSURE IN WATCHING

PORNOGRAPHY

Direction: Please provide the information below. Write (√) on the space provided.

1. How do you gain access to pornography?

___ Online___ Offline ___ Both
2. Where do you usually talk about pornography?
(You may choose more than one)
___ Classroom/school
___ At home
___ Friend’s/neighborhood’s House
___ Computer shops
___ On your way while riding in a car
___ Others (please specify)
3. When do you usually talk about pornography?
___ During class discussions related to sexual education
___ During class that is not related to sexual education you are chatting
with your classmates
___ During vacant/ leisure time
___ Others
__________________
(Kindly specify ‘when’)
4. Who are those peers that are with you in your conversation?
___ Classmates
___ Brother/s / sister/s
___ Cousin/relatives
___ Other friends
___ Others
___ Kindly specify ‘who’)
5. How do you communicate or approach others about pornography?
__ Face-to-face
__ Online network
__ Mobile networks (chats, etc.)
 70

PART IV. SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

Direction: Describe each indicator of an attribute by putting (√) on the number that
fits your response. The numbers are coded as follows:

Scale Description Interpretation

5 Strongly Agree Very High Level
4 Agree High Level
3 Neutral/Undecided Average Level
2 Disagree Low Level
1 Strongly Disagree Very Low Level

A. Sexual Behavior 5 4 3 2 1

1. I always prefer to feel orgasm

2. My day is not complete when I didn’t view porn

stuffs

3. I wonder for other sex position

4. I used to react when I heard the word “sex” and

some other related Words.

5. I feel excited watching pornography materials

 71

PART V. EXPOSURE OF PORNOGRAPHY RESOURCES

Direction: Describe each indicator of an attribute by putting (√) on the number that
fits your response. The numbers are coded as follows:
Scale Description Interpretation
5 Strongly Agree Very High Level
4 Agree High Level
3 Neutral/Undecided Average Level
2 Disagree Low Level
1 Strongly Disagree Very Low Level

B. Exposure of Pornography Resources 5 4 3 2 1

1. I draw porn images in my paper, notebooks,

desks, books, etc.

2. I used to offer to other people pornographic

item.

3. I encourage other people to watch X-Rated

films.

4. I enjoy watching and viewing pornographic

images.

5. I was caught by my parent/s watching X-Rated

images or films.

6. I prioritized to watch/view pornography rather

than educational TV shows.

7. I buy pornographic items/magazines

8. I once write a porn vandal on my classmate’s

notes (e.g. I want to fuck you, let’s have sex)

9. I love to read pocketbooks of pornographic

theme.

10. I am fascinated with pornographic materials

 72

PART VI. SEXUAL URGES IN WATCHING PORNOGRAPHY

Direction: Describe each indicator of an attribute by putting (√) on the number that
fits your response. The numbers are coded as follows:
Scale Description Interpretation
5 Strongly Agree Very High Level
4 Agree High Level
3 Neutral/Undecided Average Level
2 Disagree Low Level
1 Strongly Disagree Very Low Level
C. Sexual Urges in Watching Pornography 5 4 3 2 1

1. As I do my home works/projects, etc., I

simultaneously view pornographic

Images/films (online network)

2. I watch porn sites in contexts where I should not

(e.g. in other people’s home, at school or at work…)

3. As we have group conversation, I simultaneously

discuss about pornography.

4. I use pornography as a reward for accomplishing

something.

5. As time goes by, I can’t control myself to watch

pornographic videos.

6. I associate things/foods to some porn images. (ex.

2 balls, hotdogs, eggplant, banana)

7. I reiterate/recap in my mind what I had viewed or

watched

8. I neglected my family and friends because I had to

watch porn sites.

9. I neglected other leisure activities as a result of

watching porn.

10. I released my tension by watching porn

 73

Appendix C

Location Map of Research Locale

Figure 2. Location Map of Research Locale

 74

CURRICULUM VITAE
75
76
77
78
 79

Appendix E
Documentation
 80

Appendix F
Gantt Chart

ACTIVITIES DEADLINE PERSONS BUDGET SUCCESS

INVOLVE INDICATOR
Judelin Medith
Visit Libraries P. Enriquez,
(International, 8, Shenna F.
National, Local). March Jayson, 88 pesos Listing of
2024 Jeia G. possible
Jot down Variables, Basaka, research title
and references Clint Michael L. and topics
Narido
Judelin Medith
P. Enriquez, Finalization of
10, Shenna F. Research Title
Finalize Research March Jayson, 10 pesos and formulation
Title and Statement 2024 Jeia G. of the Statement
of the Problems Basaka, of the
Clint Michael L. Problems
Narido
 81

Completion of
Writing Chapter 1: Chapter 1: The
The Problem and Problem and
Its Setting Its Setting
-Introduction -Introduction
-Review of -Review of
Literature and Judelin Medith Literature and
Studies P. Enriquez, Studies -
-Theoretical and Shenna F. Theoretical and
Conceptual April 28, 2024 Jayson, 140 Conceptual
Framework Jeia G. pesos Framework -
-Statement of the Basaka, Statement of the
Problem/Research Clint Michael L. Problem/Rese
Problem Narido arch Problem
- -
Hypothesis/Hypothe Hypothesis/Hy
ses potheses
-Significance of the -Significance of
Study the Study
-Definition of Terms -Definition of
Optional Terms

Completion of
Judelin Medith Chapter 2:
Writing of Chapter P. Enriquez, Methodology
2: Methodology Shenna F. -Research
-Research Design Jayson, Design
-Research Jeia G. -Research
Respondents/Partici Basaka, Respondents/
pants Clint Michael L. Participants
-Research Locale May 03, 2024 Narido 110 -Research
-Research pesos Locale
Instrument/s -Research
-Ethical Instrument/s
Considerations -Ethical
-Data Gathering Considerations
Procedure -Data Gathering
-Statistical Procedure
Treatment (for -Statistical
Quantitative) Treatment (for
Quantitative)
 82

Judelin Medith
P. Enriquez,
Shenna F. 957 Finalization and
May 17, 2024 Jayson, pesos per completion of
Proposal Hearing Jeia G. student manuscript.
Basaka, total:
Clint Michael L. 3,828
Narido pesos