Title of Experiment: What is a chemical reaction

Course: Integrated Chemistry

Name: Talandria Mcdonald
 Introduction

A chemical change is defined as a change in the composition and

properties of a substance. This transformation of old materials
(reactants) into new substances (products) is a chemical reaction. We
recognize a chemical reaction by observing changes in the appearance
and properties of the products compared to the reactions. This process
occurs both naturally and in labs.
Procedure
Materials :
● Aluminum, foil, A1, 1-cm square pieces
● Aluminum, shot, A1, 2 small pieces
● Ammonium hydroxide solution, NH4OH, 3 M, 1 mL
● Cupric chloride solution, CuCl2
, 0.5 M, 6 mL
● Hydrochloric acid solution, HCL, 2 M, 6 mL
● Magnesium ribbon, Mg, 1-cm piece
● Silver nitrate solution, AgNO3
,0.1 M, 2 mL
● Sodium Bicarbonate, NaHCO3
, 0.1 g
● Sodium carbonate solution, Na2CO3, 0.5 M, 1 mL
● Sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH, 2 M, 1 mL
● Water, distilled
● Zinc, mossy, Zn, 2 small pieces
● Balance, 150-mL (for rinse water)
● Forceps or tongs
● Litmus paper, blue
● Paper towels
● Pipette, Beral-type, graduated, 5
● Reaction plate, 24-well
● Spatula
● Thermometer
● Wash Bottle
Setup:
1. Use a thermometer to measure the temperature of each solution after
reaction. Briefly rinse the thermometer with distilled water and put it
dry between steps.
2. Record all immediate changes in each reaction step. If evidence of
reaction continues beyond 1-2 minutes, proceed with the next step in
the sequence. Record the final appearance of each mixture before
rinsing and washing the reaction plate.
3. When adding a solid to a reaction well, always add a small amount (
about the same amount of a pea) from the end of a spatula or with
forceps ( in case of metal pieces)

Diagram Description:

● Burette Setup: The burette should be clamped vertically to the stand

with the tip
positioned above the Erlenmeyer flask. The burette should be filled with
HCl solution
up to the zero mark.

● Flask Setup: The Erlenmeyer flask should be directly below the

burette tip, ready
to receive the titrant. If a magnetic stirrer is used, it should be placed
under the flask with the stir
bar inside the flask.

Procedure Steps
1. Place the 24-well reaction plate on a piece of white background paper, as shown

2. Use a thermometer to measure the temperature of each solution after each reaction. Briefly
rinse the thermometer with distilled water and pat it dry between steps.

3. Record all immediate changes in each reaction step. If evidence of reaction continues
beyond 1-2 minutes, proceed with the next step in the sequence. Record the final
appearance of each mixture before rinsing and washing the reaction plate.

4. When adding a solid to a reaction well, always add a small amount (about the size of a pea)
from the end of a spatula or with forceps (in the case of metal pieces).

Part A. Reactions of Hydrochloric Acid

5. Using a Beral-type pipet, add 1 mL (20 drops) of hydrochloric acid to each well, Al-A6.
Record
the color and appearance of the hydrochloric acid solution.
6. Measure and record the initial temperature of the solution in well Al.
7. Test the solution in well Al using a piece of blue litmus paper. Immediately place the
thermometer back in the well and record any temperature change. After one minute, test
the solution again with a fresh piece of blue litmus paper.
8. To well A2, add a small amount of solid sodium bicarbonate. Observe and record all
changes,
including the temperature. Once any initial evidence for reaction has subsided, continue
adding
sodium bicarbonate in small amounts until a total of three portions have been added.
9. Use a Beral-type pipet to add 1 mL (20 drops) of silver nitrate solution to well A3.
Record all
observations.
10. Use forceps to add one small piece of mossy zinc to well A4. Record all observations.
11. Use forceps to add one small piece of aluminum shot to well A5. Record all
observations.
12. To well A6, add one small piece of magnesium ribbon. Record all observations.
13. Using forceps, remove any pieces of unreacted metal from wells A4-A6. Rinse the
metals with
water and dispose of them according to your teacher's instructions.
14. Proceed to Part B after noting any changes in the final appearance of the mixtures in
wells
Al-Aб. Part B. Reactions of Cupric Chloride Record all observations in Data Table B.
15. Using a Beral-type pipet, add 1 mL (20 drops) of cupric chloride to each well, B1-B6.
Record the
color and appearance of the solution and measure its initial temperature in one of the wells.
16. Use forceps to add one small piece of aluminum shot to well B1. Record all
observations,
including the temperature.
17. Add a small piece of crumpled aluminum foil to well B2. Record all observations.
18. Use forceps to add one small piece of mossy zinc to well B3. Record all observations.
19. Use a Beral-type pipet to add 1 mL (20 drops) of ammonium hydroxide solution to well
B4. Record all
observations.
20. Use a Beral-type pipet to add 1 mL (20 drops) of sodium carbonate solution to well B5.
Record
all observations.
21. Use a Beral-type pipet to add 1 mL (20 drops) of silver nitrate solution to well B6.
Record all
observations.
22. Using forceps, remove any pieces of unreacted metal from wells B1-B3. Rinse the metals
with
water and dispose of them according to your teacher's instructions. 23. After noting any
changes in
the final appearance of the mixtures in wells B1-B6, wash the contents of the reaction plate
down
the drain with a large amount of excess water.

Results/Data
Collected data
Data Table A

1 HCI+ NaOH 28 degree’s celsius. Changed the

litmus paper from color blue to
pink.

2 HCI + NAHCO3 Temperature went from 28

degrees celsius to 24 degrees,
meaning there was a
decrease.

3 HCI + AgNO3 Tempature stayed at 24

degrees, but once the
reactions collided a white
foam like substance was
created.

4 HCI + Zn The zinc mostly stayed in its

form and the temp remained
24 degrees.

5 HCI + Al No reaction from the

Aluminum & Hydrochloric
Acid. ( tempature of 24
degrees celcius.)

6 HCI + Mg Carbon fibers surrounded the

magnesium ribbon,
temperature decreases to 23
degrees celsius.)
Graph 1: HCI
Graph 2: CuCI2
Data Table B: Reactions of Cupric Chloride

1 CuCl2 + Al (Shot) It started to expand/ dissolve

and change to a darker tone
color. A temperature of 28
degrees celsius

2 CuCl2 + Al (foil) Once combined the foil

started to instantly dissolve.
With a temp of 24 degrees.

3 CuCl2 + Zn The zinc instantly turned

black.. The temp remained 24
degrees.

4 CuCl2 + NH4OH It instantly turned to a blue

color. Decreased to 23
degrees.

5 Cucl2 + Na2CO3 Created dark small particles.

Remaining at 23 degrees
celsius.

6 CuCl2 + AgNO3 Once combined, it turns into a

light blue foam-like
substance. And increased the
temp to 25 degrees celsius.

Data Analysis

Reaction Well Reactions of HCI Reactions of CuCI

Precipate Formation Silver Nitrate AI (shot)
AI (foil)
NH4O4
Na2Co3
AgNo3
Gas Bubbles Sodium Bicarbonate AI (shot)
 AI(foil)
Zn
Na2CO3

Color Change AI ( shot) AI (shot)- red

AI(foil)-red
Zn-black
NH40H
Na2CO3
Agno3
Tempature Change Sodium hydroxide AI( foil) 22 degrees ,
Sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide

Discussion/ Analysis
This experiment explores the concept of chemical reactions and how they are defined. It explains
that a chemical reaction is a process that involves the transformation of reactants into products,
resulting in a change in the composition and properties of the substances that were involved in
our lab. ( HCI+NaOh, HCI+NaHCO3,HCi+AGNO3, HCI+Zn, HCI+AI, HCI+ Mg,) (CuCl2 +
Al (Shot) CuCl2 + Al (foil) CuCl2 + Zn CuCl2 + NH4OH Cucl2 +, Na2CO3 ,CuCl2 + AgNO3)
The experiement highlights the importance of recognizing the signs of chemical change, such as
the form of precipitation, the release of gas bubbles, color changes, and temperature changes. It
also emphasizes the nature of the chemical reactions.

Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding chemical reactions is very crucial to my chemistry class. The
purpose of this experiment was to examine the chemical properties of hydrochloric acid and
.copper chloride. We observed the signs of chemical change during reactions involving these
substances. Noticing and stating the precipitate, gas release, temperature, and the color changes.
After doing this experiment we are now able to go deeper into the nature of chemical reactions.
Visual Representation