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Electricity Notes

The document outlines fundamental concepts of electricity, including charge, current, voltage, and resistance, along with Ohm's Law. It describes types of electric circuits (series and parallel), electrical power and energy, types of current (DC and AC), and electrical safety measures. Additionally, it covers electromagnetism and applications of electricity, such as transformers and renewable energy sources.

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20 views

Electricity Notes

The document outlines fundamental concepts of electricity, including charge, current, voltage, and resistance, along with Ohm's Law. It describes types of electric circuits (series and parallel), electrical power and energy, types of current (DC and AC), and electrical safety measures. Additionally, it covers electromagnetism and applications of electricity, such as transformers and renewable energy sources.

Uploaded by

aryanapatel18rims
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Concepts

●​ Electricity is the flow of electric charge, usually through a conductor like copper wire.
●​ Charge (Q) is measured in coulombs (C) and can be positive or negative.
●​ Current (I) is the rate of flow of charge, measured in amperes (A).
●​ Voltage (V) (potential difference) is the energy per unit charge, measured in volts
(V).
●​ Resistance (R) opposes the flow of current, measured in ohms (Ω).

Ohm’s Law
V=IRV = IRV=IR

●​ Voltage (VVV) = Current (III) × Resistance (RRR)


●​ If resistance increases, current decreases (for constant voltage).

Types of Electric Circuits

1.​ Series Circuit​

○​ Components are connected end to end.


○​ Current is the same throughout.
○​ Voltage is shared between components.
○​ If one component breaks, the circuit is incomplete.
2.​ Parallel Circuit​

○​ Components are connected across common points.


○​ Voltage is the same across each branch.
○​ Current is divided among branches.
○​ If one component breaks, the rest still work.

Electric Power and Energy

●​ Power (P) is the rate of electrical energy transfer, measured in watts (W).

P=VIP = VIP=VI P=I2RP = I^2 RP=I2R P=V2RP = \frac{V^2}{R}P=RV2​

●​ Electrical energy (E) is measured in joules (J) or kilowatt-hours (kWh).

E=PtE = P tE=Pt

(ttt = time in seconds or hours)


Types of Current

●​ Direct Current (DC): Flows in one direction (e.g., batteries).


●​ Alternating Current (AC): Changes direction periodically (e.g., household
electricity).

Electrical Safety

●​ Fuses: Melt and break the circuit if current is too high.


●​ Circuit breakers: Switch off the circuit during overload.
●​ Earthing: Provides a safe path for excess current.
●​ Insulators: Prevent electric shock (e.g., rubber, plastic).

Electromagnetism

●​ Moving charges create a magnetic field (right-hand rule).


●​ Solenoids (coiled wires) create strong magnetic fields when current passes through.
●​ Electric motors work by converting electrical energy into mechanical motion using
magnetism.
●​ Generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy using electromagnetic
induction.

Applications of Electricity

●​ Transformers step up or step down voltage for transmission.


●​ Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power reduce
dependence on fossil fuels.
●​ Electronics use semiconductors (e.g., diodes, transistors) for circuits.

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