03. a Review of DSTATCOM Control Algorithms
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editor.jetsJournal of Engineering Technology and Sciences
Volume 02, Issue 03, March 2025 ISSN: 3048-913X
www.jets.org.in DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14979612
A Review of DSTATCOM Control Algorithms
Deepak1 and Praveen2
Department of Electrical Engineering, MGR University, Chennai
1
Corresponding Author: [email protected]
To Cite this Article
Deepak and Praveen, “A Review of DSTATCOM Control Algorithms”, Journal of Engineering Technology and
Sciences, Vol. 02, Issue 03, March 2024, pp: 08-11
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Abstract: The idea that an inverter can be utilized as a generalized impedance converter to provide either capacitive
or inductive reactance has been applied extensively to address distribution networks' power quality problems. The
DSTATCOM, which is linked in shunt at the load end, is one such device. A converter is the central component of the
DSTATCOM.
The concept of using an inverter as a generic impedance converter to produce either capacitive or inductive reactance
has been widely used to solve power quality issues in distribution networks. One such device is the DSTATCOM,
which is connected in shunt at the load end. The main part of the DSTATCOM is a converter.
Keywords: PWM, symmetrical components, power quality, hysteresis control, and DSTATCOM
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I. Introduction
The customer's perspective on the amount of electrical power he is willing to receive has changed
dramatically as a result of technological advancements and the ensuing upgrades to the power system's loads. The
increase in nonlinear loads is contributing to the reactive power adjustment issue by raising the level of harmonics in
the received voltage. These days, a vigilant consumer requests a power supply that is balanced, flicker-free, harmonic-
free, voltage-regulated, and outage-free.
Hingorani introduced the idea of bespoke power. Custom power (CP) devices are similar to FACTS devices,
which are used to address transmission line problems, in that they utilize power electronic controllers to address
distribution system problems. DSTATCOM is one of the several CP devices that can address the majority of load-
related power quality issues for customers. Reactive power compensation [3], which was first thought of with fixed
or passive capacitors, is where the idea of compensation originated.
Later, the Static Var Compensator was used for load-end voltage regulation and var compensation. These
systems had the following shortcomings: they struggled with granularity, or the least amount of var compensation that
was feasible; they performed poorly dynamically; they required filters to be added because they introduced harmonics
into the network; they malfunctioned in low voltage situations; and they lacked load balancing and load levelling.
II. Load Compensation by DSTATCOM
Figure 1 displays the schematic diagram for load correction using DSTATCOM. At its core, the DSTATCOM
is thought to be a current-controlled voltage source converter. Therefore, in a perfect scenario, an ideal current source
ic takes the role of the DSTATCOM. Additionally, it is assumed that the load is reactive, nonlinear, and unbalanced,
as is typically the case. Assume first that there is no compensator for the load L-1. As a result, the voltage at the PCC
bus will also be imbalanced and distorted since the current passing through the feeder is also unbalanced and distorted.
Fig 1: Load Compensation schematic diagram
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A Review of DSTATCOM Control Algorithms
III. System Configuration
The operation of the DSTATCOM and its controls inside a typical distribution system has been studied. The
proposed distribution side of the power system, which includes the DSTATCOM, an infinite bus, and a delta-
connected RL load, is depicted in Figure 2.
Fig 2: Distribution System compensated by DSTATCOM
IV. Phase Shift Control
The Phase Shift Control system is easy to understand. Maintaining a steady voltage at the load terminal is
the goal. The control algorithm creates a phase shift in the VSC's output voltage in relation to the ac supply voltage
and applies a voltage angle control. When the measured PCC voltage is compared to the reference or target voltage,
an error signal is produced.
To drive the voltage error to zero, the error signal is sent to a PI controller, which creates an angle δ. As a
result, the PCC voltage is controlled to the appropriate level. The sinusoidal voltage signal is phase-modulated by
angle by the PWM generator, which then compares it with a triangular carrier signal to provide the switching signals
for the VSC switches. A separate dc source maintains the dc side voltage. Figure 3 displays a schematic diagram for
DSTATCOM's phase shift control.
Fig 3: Phase shift control
V. Carrier Based PWM Controller
Figure 4 displays the schematic diagram for the carrier-based PWM control. For the VSC's IGBTs, the
switching pulses are produced using a sinusoidal PWM based on a fixed frequency carrier. The instantaneous reactive
power theory serves as the foundation for this method. Measurements are made of the load's and the supply system's
instantaneous voltage and current. Park's transformation is used to convert the three-phase system to a reference frame
that rotates synchronously.
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A Review of DSTATCOM Control Algorithms
Fig 4: Carrier based control
VI. Algorithm of Carrier Based Controller of DSTATCOM
The MATLAB platform's ode 23tb is used to mimic the discrete mode of the DSTATCOM's VSC control,
as seen in Figure 4. The PI controller is implemented using the discrete-time integrator block. Integration is done using
the forward Euler method.
Fig 5: DSTATCOM using carrier based PWM response
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A Review of DSTATCOM Control Algorithms
Fig 6: Harmonic Spectrum of source voltage for carrier based PWM control
VII. Conclusion
This chapter presents a comparative analysis of the fundamental algorithms used to regulate DSTATCOM.
Simulation studies are used to highlight each scheme's advantages and disadvantages. It is discovered that a
DSTATCOM performs reactive power compensation, voltage control, harmonic reduction, load balancing, and load
levelling regardless of the algorithm employed.
References
[1] L. Gygui, “Dynamic Compensation of AC Transmission lines by solid state synchronous voltage sources,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery,
vol.9, no. 2, pp. 904-911, 1994.
[2] N. G. Hingorani, “Introducing custom power,” IEEE spectrum, vol.32, no. 6, pp. 41-48, June 1995.
[3] T. J. E. Miller, “Reactive Power Control in Electric Systems,” John Wiley & Sons, 1982.
[4] L. Gyugyi, et al., “Principles and applications of Static, Thyristor-Controlled Shunt Compensators,” IEEE Trans. PAS, vol. PAS-97, no.5,
Sept./ Oct. 1978.
[5] L. Gyugyi and E. R. Taylor, “Characteristics of Static Thyristor, Controlled Shunt Compensators for Power Transmission System
Applications,” IEEE Trans. PAS, vol. PAS-99, no.5, pp. 1795- 1804, Sept/ Oct. 1980.
[6] K. R. Padiyar, FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution, New Age International , New Delhi, 2007.
[7] N. G. Hingorani and L. Gyugi, Understanding FACTS, Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, Piscataway, NJ:
IEEE Press (2000).
[8] 11Y. L. Tan, “Analysis of line compensation by shunt connected FACTs controllers: a comparison between SVC and STATCOM,” IEEE
power Eng. Rev., 1999, vol. 19 (8), pp.57-58.
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