opcode $eafe® Same arbthmadic dunctions. ko. dabkéian , Subsirtacton, mnultiplcation & oltyisioo What’ %5 CISC 2 CMC means Complex ofa eet Computere. wv WV Ve wiv & Te bd BO of cata ants dtbmnt Aze- 9| Le prcoviek Ign on o£. Instreuchans | GY what % RISC? parte) >] RESC means? Reduce Fnstreucto Set 2) Le. Ta -lercgpea Hat use the 9 Swal) oot in a St up Ay length 3 (©)| what % mortar 9 | 7| Th this mole the opercaro! askliess as specified asizess $n the cata 7S very — Sipphe » , ‘ |~ @ a 1 byte pspouchion, ie rode. ispoucker ae 1S te Oparcarrdl 95%. the. accum (alee Resfiere What 95 AbieosS0q rnonle. howl oe types. of asbleesstg mode of thenb 7 The Fell of an Yastruckons he the Ainchon tt be. Rute, P the Progam I tb ack gg BIG ooll2055 The oobleoss 9, ints’ okPeronce Gages. | i een D Registere erode 2) Dizoct mak 3) Immioliate roocle. what ayte ‘the acheter ae olsachanioy of hansluare conte unft 2 fees tao ritno pean contol unit - Disos vantages! Tnsteucker Sete orto! the lc XG | Be -= Te 8s opfAcult ts Change the des} * F the circuit: o - what 9 gpetand ay brieghy explain ond types of gpetand = 2 percard! part takes the aobleess af the operand 40 Garcia out samespatiic operations: : An Ynsteucton must be Gecific ane at morte opercand..dhat 4s fe lato an which the Function 45 carercredout. oe ee Fe ora be Humid “cP ragands The. ‘asteucken ray be Classified % “Fy 0 bers) operon : (Lf (ore) operand (3) 2 (tus) operand Bera. Wetord the antthreadc duncton Can take Place Usieg the top of the one a two Fostten on the ck.saat One operand %5 flush ard ‘the ~% Secmel © operand 95 POP. The push & POP obstruction are ued 7 access the rarer C Cones ot G Most of ‘the Snsteuichen Gece! Q ‘Srgle write opercation Such as ¢ Q menarey » Register ete. TE also proves on fotarc! ke load a, load .6 téad ce. ( aged most “cf the tuo oporcand) are depend pan those calegarchas ike CISC (Complex taspeuchm an Set Computere) , RISE =< Snsheuckan bet compsterc) Tif fercen ciate befwen RISC andl cIse 2 eat —_. ay CISC RISC bs —_| CIS means Conplex | ()) RISC rears mrsipuction set \.. Rocluce insuchin Conpulere Set compubereTEAS Wed 0 roof \QYTL IA micromnesst cbtoa % 1 diffecond | that use the smal data Sze jo a wt uptine lepgth. Q) Lt sgporet array, [3) Tt provide oss G-6f mo Gosteuchons + (W)) These ChipS are wrey\ |(L) These Chips are less much» Complex . (S| Te example of 6) Exanple - were PC. CSC intel miccepracese. PC - Rresonal cenputen pe (3)| What 4s ack rae and breed ventous $65 of Galdcessig male. the Fell Ff an ‘spuctions speate fre Funclonts be peda. 7) Te way of fe preqttam 45 to execute the —gpercand — achlzeds The achlreesSig mock. % olevidled Foto difference ies. h Restistere race. a) Direct erode 3) Immioliate mace wy TT,Be Regions coe In this made opercard ackitess is spectfied ackicess fh te data fs eH Simple ‘ Ut preake -0. 4 byte sashetichors, Tt can 4mplied mole wspeuchn thete i We quad $s to te accumater Register , Direct ankicecs _gpte.¢ Ty tis mi the ebechve aqablrees © fs. egual .. the achicess paret cf te cata , ” Trnmechy fe - aches nook, Tt alo stow the. pan rabboe than. the address Feld. . Explain dhe verti Anchen Gea GQ priacessat 2 Every — CPU PollowS asic Y Steps fat data execution » Hese Shops ate (i) fetch Gi) Decook Wi) Execuk Oe — ll7 Seo & (iy) Welle bad - h i siege cpu rtoneive the rap iw ondyematin “ fran He 6 ecified reeenitty addizess ard. wad 9¢ to Te ‘nsteucheo opie 4 Ar, te cepascatin of fh peta and aaklreass parce: eet Tn thes stage the _ sean arch rel to Decoder. ~ and.’ deste” garth. 9s Send to NV emaryy OklrZESS Register). becuse : ; Th Ty tis. stage ata enecittpon fs done done 0S fore the Syshtucton. . jwedite 5 back: Tr dhs stoge de execited dato ablew ge. appropriate menmarey odlditess ad chop 1 ts cteply repeated10 Macks Bred, explain the bask mernryp gporation 2 Al cada § tnsteuchins are staced tn the miemerey befrce and offtere they ore Used. oso data dhakl be feanster back and fort te rood and write potato wo Recel opel The anbyemaho? fb’ be detchecl Fam meray may be reapyacsere and snatch ‘The precesswe bas tt Spectfed) the achizess of the mewnarey ane reg west a fad opecaticn 3 The prracessore Pranstre the andoss cf the 1209, wa steel hte Fé ptvived ~~ team fhe memar and State #t tn He MAR. And alsa store inthe B® MDR.Lt ns To execule and fosttucton . The Contrea) untt a2 the CPU (Jererate Cotta 9m pregper Sequcnty » Therto aro beso approaches — used fare gororatng the contro! nye ae buch as ~(j ware conta nit (i) icra ee” Coote) : v lel. Harcdwace Crtcal unit ONT OO Horelware €9 Canto Can be defines) has Sequence ansb—“Tagfe crecuke that Ete. Seqpsenty of cork) fo FeeSPance to ‘encfertnal Supplied» tosteucten . Poa EF This. 7s. eenplecent.. ulth tha hep of harelware — Compared Pe. Sasheuchon rtogiver , logic aptes, Alipfeps andl decales , j he input to the cohol tt are the fasheuckon Register Flags and tig Sets » \ Th he: dean, oP TYS ‘unl fsas J mrackfel all te combfratocal (| Ciecuit = Should! ba madlr#asl which % a very dhffoultdask .. Tnseuchon | fi | Lv . ! | v Tring 1—Conteal |}—— eae a PRL Tel Correo] Sal ab tine d wee. Lt 93 Faller thas ster preytan Corto! Un? 6 D4 Disadyantages Losteuchors. Sts Gotta the bac obraecH ly : At 93 chfficufh Ses © Gatco! the (mic obec GP| It 3s ditfeult @ Change ta OB oksinn of he Crecutt. cece Pepe Ceteol gal * ZA —— Sop mirza pene és by executt a Preqram vei a 4 mnie “FOSKLUCKEMS , ? thes mookfrator dan be oboe 5 ne the oy aes So the Gotta!” mémarey\ which 1s 2 the. preegicam . : : ? ta iS Sl as 9 takes, Are ed > th mee phisieuctent tan es is a . » wv : \ ‘ Cont reef Bg Signa]o\ Asssgament. -03 Choplere name + Memory dptem Date of Rsuer d0/0K (Busy Date of sulmpssion> 01/10/2024 date of car pactin? Greade t- pi 2 Marks : ( what 5 mennoriy —anel hots ty types of Pert * / Memory Wo the Content of Reych ed and neta science , refees be caprive peo Coss x is encoding / Storing and aaa Sofremalion te a. Q Chucial aspect 54 human — congnitation 2rabeling US t arn experience andl interac hth He wmrebl aryranels. ©) Sensay mem | i) Shortt Team mieconry (nn) Lona Term aera »(2 G G) What 98 main memory? Mo& — memo alse Known as Préfr memorty a RAM 9s the weimary Stage arta. in a Conpptstor Sys4i9 chalo and Preagicam s that arte Cucriorhy én Use are kept&e. they con be quicks acca, oy te Compukee’s prom@ss. What 75 RAM ? RAM $s a type of amputer rea thot stores gata. teoporcastoly whe a Compu 1S reuuantng «Tk leas, ato. © & need ftom “Goel sititden.to ap high speeals, marie 96 crucal fic the Rh OF ee, Ba as volotile 4 1. los ay Starcage ‘nbemation when te compubr % tual off. what % Rom. -2 ROM C Read an ay B a. type cf witli, us YF UsCel in. compudens Gnd athere elector aleve . alike RAM. chta Stel In Ram Kenalns sndact Qe wher Ye Weee os. | I el Wht the. dewidatig *”) G Roertd off. RONG peooarey Uke fo swe Friemuarce on Gof puare tat 9. I. S tate tf Charaea What 95 cache memarty ? Cache memany 2s a small _ bapbSvel rd olathe (OLOGY locate to the CPL preimany funchor is to ste copes of ae Frequonth, occesse) cyta and inskuuckooS Fem The maj rue (RAM) . What fs soins remy 2 Ausilarey als Known as LC peroryy noteest Site devices arte rot abzecty acces$bhle- byte cry Lut art sel 20 Hare ohta aml COS that are mt Cl being thea) Wht 75 SRAM ? i Static Rank Access rv. CSA) FS type of volhjle | meoorty fat uses Pipfle@) ware ach et of chta. Whet Fs DRAM 2? D-RAM. ° Stands yz | Dypaenie Randle Access méenarny 3 Tbs dpe of Computere « memaey that 9 shees each bt. aatax Spend) Capa.ctare ths “Fle creck. due S cksiga » DRAM news to. be Portodieay., reetzeshed ¢5 maintain fhe | Stored Goto: «Hence the teri 1c GES wile, seal” as the mate fn ‘Computin because. tt afferts. asad balance “behueen speed anal Cast. What fs ERAN “ands trzw Pring tos A ERRAM ame there 2 4 EPRAM . . tars. fy Cle hrically Py Rromd, Raed only meray eR One Sa. type of ronwveladile memory that’ aun be peppears and” erzaucdl Clecheically , Smpare £8 sean but. wif Faskr ACeSS “Hires BORA C Ertaible peyannable led - en) MMO 9 Comin Several byrps imiWhak 7% cache heé an ache 4 cache bt occas «when the ( cata — (egueSted oy He preaces#7e Sound fin The “cache mennarey Leasing Faster. access 4 cache mess” happens uthén the data | 7S cot t9 —The cache reaguicing ts tw be Fetched fran the mai what 46 mosgpog techofaues 2 rrap ping techniques Fn caching clteremtine how dato Fran main mnocndrey 45-Placed Sofy cache . What % akecct mopping 2° Direct ‘mapping 45a cache oepetabin feo taherce any Aa @ main reomorty can & plated % any cache line. Tats appraach yes a tag to idertiéy which — nema Lack is Stared Gn which cache [me aubuing fir | Siete Plenibility are Prtotaly i Bower cache anticke cwapaned”& @ “ay chicory erappeg . What is the et associative eyes Sek . associative, rapping 1S a ache oreean’ zabion technique that combines Clements. Sf bsth ohtect mapped ard) assacative am Io This rnetod LY the ge adel ants Several _ Sets ard each block of menuny rips t A Spechc Set. Direct reatiog SQ. netted — Useel to measure ~ ore evaluate someth% ky. asking individuals. tt. ate it olicecth on: @ Stale , ; Seymentation “refers. tY the Vecess alivieling Qa ae entify fot Smaller. , morte = §=manageble Pacts. ore. Seqrents . The Secific peanings af Seqment 1S the process oF abury-ty oasekedog t helps anAlyne ob thrconf negicns of antrnage « fetaRAM 95 otherwise. Know ab.’ Eoniconducte — me, athich used, ® th CH compart. This rena ts voltile oy "ny bupe Zt is very Fast aral @xpensre RAM fs OFA tuo YP. ich as (i)ceahe > Rat Se @) NAMIC : RAM. SRAM CStatic RAM) SRAM 9S a Fost memary tectroy. a (egpyees. Consist Power Supp t,. hokl the» contafn . u Tn SRAM SH number of Hehgoed teansissaes are used It is ined) nana LG Storage CRAG fy FS law,» D-Ram (Dy namie. Ram) | In DRAm ere is a shale eCopacitare And OO Heansiste ‘is Easel’. “Tn. Phas mmemarcy theGopacttore §— Supply power to the transishe These ane ps used & aS te main memory of the vod access time fs Oyster 2s Usual above 30 nan Sec. IES Ye Capacity. is Aighare than s-Ré2. 3 O a Q) What aro fe LEHICISL ICS, of Storage 2 7 Salaeaaee? ‘of 4 stucage CS Ae ME x 2 There are various \Stareage, techs y Which ane ditfercencpa.ting oy Cored ata Characteristics . poe There, chatacteristcs are. voledibili eutabi ify oe andl aakicossibi ity. 4) VoladtPbili: According tt this’ acl Computerz” = memany 1S deviled) fala two Eypes - Such a3 WY Wlatile mero : ©, Man - volatile merry 4) volatile remo = Ths reertany, (29, Uiges Powere Supp to -mavctael the Sfmeaye no Frartl id the power Sup cut of f de theStered — Snfycmoadion bas been Carséd . A) non - volahile memory This tye aheso€ depend “on electeic “ paw Supply = lbobiliy Reoel write Horage ae. rauhfirle Staase = thik ChartaCforc?stics altus at ou Efeeo wt al Accessibility 5. dleviclal” fork tid types Such as Rance access. Cii) Sequencial ° access faldreos Ss ify ae 4 fblcessibity 73 devtabol wh tuo qypes Os. @) location acklizessibi/; @) Fle ashe ssility Fare rairdalng the sStcage. iohecrnabe fofecratios fe be ower uicitten - | | | baa What 95 dircact napping explain cath , QQ S&ftable dicoraien } Dieect mopphg. tha. ‘Single technique USed 99 Cathe ° momarey Ch” map alata Atom main mecragy to the Cache. Tn this — Scheme each black mala enemarig an tr exact one. Cache Vine How wareks. When a block oF obta is reeqpiesteal the, Cache , checks \3f- fhe cnrcreespancicg cache. the. Contains the Ho Fe WEE A he: tele block 9S Fetchec! Frtard” the. onan. rapnn ard placed” oth. the cartiteSpon cig cache. \Fner GUE oe SS mein» eeenary Perides Sotu blocks Cathe memory + Pevided Goh Mei oz Sbers1a. matks P| Main memory: < J The mas 50 of petwiSE | >) te 95 ittated) Posfole the rahere | boarel Ord alts able & # | Communteate . whith the CPU dlreadf, 7) when ~ CP needs any prea | Sage Ee Eo | - | Pra ream ming Fearn the oral money Fran the main merarry ste thatod — needecl Pregeam 1s note Pasicling fi te. main merry, the main meray breapht that peegcam Fon the ausilarey memory — ore Secondary merry. 7 CPU directly access the mar memory . 2} Moin memory iS deyideo) fats td poset Such 0.8 RAMA Ram, > Oost of the Pocton of moinreany, iS vobdfle fo Natume. voRAM = Random access meerarty) RAM 95 otheeuRse Kaduna Semiconoluctie memory ulich Used to fo alll computers : : Eis also knw as — reoad fwrcité mem TE. 9S. US , otthert a ead cycle oe witite “Erle depending on “he” tyre 4 requests : This is Sablile _%0 ature. It 4 “Fast and expensive . a6 oft two tye duch as (i) Static RAM ae SRAM, G) Qyrane RAM oc DRAM GRAM > Cstati RAY SRAM 9 a Yost. dechraloy §es Coostan J Teh <8 ontint “Fall Se ts Th rary sig outer. of biph speed FranSistuts are weds ‘ Tt access. toe 6 5¢ Non ve. Lk, St Consumes mace “elechicity Hata sturage Capachy (aw) D-RAM URyraeric RAP) Zh DRAM \sthere iS @ ult Copactire and a Heansisti rs used - In Aes the copacitye SPY” Power wot, Oe te Heansisque The Cope fore reeyurest Fue the aubrohcapy often a Game lin€ Pertsedl. Its Stocage pe higpac than 6-RAM. - Rom C Read oaty 4) s, sete he, part of, the 11059 Mben aS Kaun as Foe ROM hs Contained Sind AGO. reams which ane PREG we the manufachne yf, page Seneoth qperceston of the a ? a} *! “Gen Usere Can read these praycams | but can't unfle Oagtiing” Sory this Chip:Nuremal)y the Preenfcams fy the Teun Chip “are permanent store and Can't be modkifigel , now a ley Ram. ChIP Can dee written we pcoman which § knew aS P- RAY (Froatam- reecelonly money) ue“ Zo PROM Chip we can com on ance and we canit erase hae Praga - But- now » & clays Can entase the Re Ros Ue se ~ pRaM. Chip "7 ; valtage. elechic ciucrcent wv Ih “38 known as E-PROM. ae ° OC am in Pe. RAN chip |. eased ly using ligh vildage curcicent an is fsa as” EEPROM eerie € augeaontte reo) aly moray) when =~ PCOFTOM ig PROP? Chie erased fy ising? ula violet zz le a Keauln as, wvEPRAM (uldta vce} Wievale Jeytomnble read aly veh 7S EEPROM» also “Knaus 0s Pash memory .oO @ Assignment - Oy Chapter Romer Input output Tate of tue 06-69-34 Make cf Subyhsstin,- Ol 10°24 | Date. of Grav ition,- | Groole — BF A. ogks What 1s cata transmission ? ( |} Date dantmisstin. is_eraig ard | eer “bal a a) dota | devices What % Communication bus fa bus 7 4 | A Communicator bus fs a collec of wits Hat feanste akfa ard centrcol Agnals between Components like dhe . CPU mere, and periphercal devices . mend | System buy The foterenal ehta trans#e Syston That Hreonspors data behween the CPU, MENA© 2 ’ and T/0 devices , Paralle) ticangmisstoo 2 Rutalle) —dreansmtsS00. 9 Q method of Sending multiple bits a ata SirasHaveaa ona) multiple wires Chane]. Secial Heansmisstin 9 When abta bets arte teansenftted one ofter. ancther fo a Seties Is Known as Sertiol dato. fans mfs%0 » hypchrconous fransmissioa 2 Th. ts the. fine ef trans roission fo whicth_o man clock” Lulls between Fransmpeter ams) peeceiver. re ’ AsynChicanou.s Htansm'ssion 9 Tb 1 the cype of, Heansimi ssf in which the Senden € receivet §n which. the. Seedlee ans) the receivere hove, thee Clock tll. what 98 Ftoqtiam a 2 Th preeyitars — T/0 the chta % enchan beheey Processae are! I/d devel Foch chta tamsfnr’ Fs tovdving CPU Fare every fransachor.9 what indrenupe aiven 1/0 ? | intectace — ane) Phe tonntdlialely « | Tnteruupt dietven “T/o fsstues te T/o Command to She 7/4) What 95 teacktetnl bus onchitca Ths anchttecltine Conkca! of Porter buses. : | t) Lecol buses. (2) Stem uses @) Frganiion buys The ‘local bus clechn 10 tbe | Processue 4 memory ard a | local clevices . Difference behoeen preasgaon L/a ond : fntenrupt’ Thy 2 ; Heoorcam T/o i Te % the time Cosma , Poss. TL 95 the MOESS 4 ollgit need lessiy and “wates the CR ime. | i) iS feeaked as Slew module | \ — Tntewupk okinen To Ils aveccome } 4 { the ime Consuming — jrcecess af Programing L/0~—_— Th 9 Faster. than, preggeam Lia. S marek ae OQ) what i data freansihssion nd ermpladn HHS fyfes. 2 Data freansmssion: 95 the | preacess of Seosing data, Fea. one: cbvices, to another dlericé + Herce are wame dyes of cata, frcansertssion ¢ () Seriat data feansmissioo. Pata is Sont Ceopertially, sit p be aver a Stale Channe)- (f) Partolle) Heansenssion é- mMublige Git ae ent cirettaneots| over raultiple Chamels . This ment 38 offer useol with?o. idevices fKe Computer? prlocess » (i) Agyachreorus feonsetsstan eM Pytes once vert with a “art” and gop” Ort at the opyfanteg and ea). Gy) Qynchicoreus Hansonssion © ‘ 55 Used) Fue hj peed! Cunnechin 1 between mralern comudae neswatks,~ @] Dittercence » between Syochrcortity ! ; | CD Due to “common clock Heansinesitn qi) Tk 45 Chron 7 | ( TL 3S complex 16 aed}qn, & Asypchrtonous + Synchrcono & © Data seed infocm of: He Hare and clocks. 1S Faster as Conpore © ASynchrtahouLs ‘Acansinpttee- @) TE @ costly « cr. Asynchrtoncus & we, @). Male ect to the. tiem. in. the Characters, Ci) Transifisstto 1s Slawere because | the seeder and -necener have tic | own Clock . | |(B| what fs Tl qpecaticn avo! explofo H's types oe A) Program Tio x FA Pegytam Lio the ohta 4s behueen “pracesot and To ‘devices 2 Fach cata transer is Invelving CPU fe ery transacke- 2 The prowess ay. f ‘corks ae tl opercabrs To proscar io vetted the ov fa a cam ust! the }/a oo “Gndicates . “that fs PD aie cet “tans. ‘ 2 Ths GS ‘ieee ae CESS wich cas” be ontlled Et oe PRES. an — tntttact__ Fac Ir Hy: Deeupt dnivea I/P CONN ONO 2 Tnterwupt Tlo tues te Tp cogenond. 8 the, T/0 neeOee And]~V~ ~w > Cotto! «of CRD bvew tt an anotherc Prracycam while the To fs the qercfyers. }. Explain. olizect access wiih, Suitable affggrcam 2 ii Tt roan Dicect m Hess. “DMA means CPU antades o module oe eas) ie fir tureite invohinte}. DMA ovacle #1 f Cokes » Orclen ye of dato betwen moin meray And Lh. devices « he. CPU 48 Only Povoheol At te beaintn Ane) at the dean pg) Potererupted on afters’ the entiie the blacked 55 rancheris! DIMA Device Device mane confreer| | confatlore a