Quarter 2 Mapeh Ho
Quarter 2 Mapeh Ho
Lesson 1: Traditional or Local Folk Music Common to the Philippines and Southeast Asia
Panay Bukidnon’s Sugidanon - The term sugidanon may mean “epic-chanting” or “storytelling” depending on usage. The sugidanon are long
narratives reflecting the existing customary laws, beliefs, practices, and values of the Panay Bukidnon ancestors (Caballero-Padernal, 2019). The Panay
Bukidnon sugidanon is reputed as the longest published epic in the Philippines because it has ten parts in 13 volumes. There are also famous long epics such
as the Darangen of Mindanao, and the Ullalim of Kalinga. Done by a manugsugidanon (epic chanter), the sugidanon demonstrates the collective expressions of
the Panay Bukidnon community. Told in Kinaray-a and Ligbok, two of the many languages in Panay, sugidanon may be approached by singing it calmly (using
pangalimog or humming). Another approach of sugidanon may be done loudly (phrasing is done longer; pangalimog is done livelier). A third approach in doing
sugidanon is through its traditional form (pangalimog is performed with repeated lines).
Indonesia’s Sulukan - At certain junctures of Wayang Kulit play, the dhalang chants or sing songs (called sulukan) to set the mood of the scene,
which is accompanied by soft-sounding instruments. Sulukan is a mastermind vocal song which has a very important role in a Wayang Kulit performance.
Sulukan used to introduce a scene. Sulukan used to introduce a named character or generic character-type. Sulukan used within a scene to introduce a type of
action - usually but not always a fight sequence, and, Sulukan attached to a specific gamelan piece by way of a vocal introduction.
Lesson 2: Traditional or Local Folk Music Common to the Philippines and Southeast Asia
Panay Bukidnon Bamboo Instruments - The Panay Bukidnon learned music from early childhood. It is part of their social and cultural life, marking
significant personal or communal events. Because music is deeply interwoven in their culture, the Panay Bukidnon also accumulated numerous traditional
instruments. These instruments are usually made of bamboo and played during rituals or celebrations, like their "binanog" or courtship dance.
SUGANGGANG - A buzzer struck on the palm of a hand. This is made of bulo (a bamboo plant variety relatively smaller than kawayan; this one does not have
node needles). The hole on one end is where pang-midya is done using the thumb so as to vary low/high relative pitches.
TIKUMBO - A percussion and chordophone made of kawayan (a bamboo plant variety characterized by having node needles) This is played by tapping one or
two fingers on the bamboo lid. This is alternated by strumming the string, which was etched out from the body of the bamboo. Pang-midya (dampening the
sound) is done by closing the hole on one side of the bamboo to vary low and high pitches.
TULALI - A bamboo flute made of bagakay (one of the smallest bamboo varieties). Air is blown through a bamboo opening encircled by a banana leaf. It is tuned
according to a pentatonic scale. There are four holes on top surface and a hole underneath. The gap between two holes is measured by the maker’s two fingers.
LITGIT -A two-stringed bowed instrument made of bulo. Abaca hemp finely braided is used as strings. It is mainly a melodic instrument although rhythmic
patterns from words/phrases are also employed.
SUBING - An aerophone, chordophone, and idiophone at the same time because to play it entails“inhaling and exhaling air” (aerophone). By repeatedly moving
the bamboo’s pointed edge, the instrument’s tongue or bamboo string is vibrated (chordophone) and a percussive effect (idiophone) is produced from the
rhythm.
Instrumental Music of Indonesia: Gamelan Ensemble - A gamelan is a kind of musical ensemble of Indonesia typically featuring a variety of instruments. The
term refers more to the set of instruments than the players of those instruments. A gamelan as a set of instruments is a distinct entity, built and tuned to stay
together — instruments from different gamelan are not interchangeable.
A. Metallophones: SARON - Typically consists of seven bronze bars placed on top of a resonating frame (rancak). It is usually about 20 cm (8 in) high, and is
played on the floor by a seated performer. It is struck with a mallet (tabuh) in the right hand.
Typically, the striking mallet is angled to the right to produce a fuller sound.
The left hand, meanwhile, is used to dampen the previous note by grasping the key, in order to prevent a muddy sound. On repeated notes, the note is usually
dampened half a beat before it is struck again.
The saron plays the melody and form as the backbone of the Javanese gamelan ensemble.
B. Cradled Gongs: BONANG - A collection of small gongs (sometimes called "kettles" or "pots") placed horizontally onto strings in a wooden frame (rancak),
either one or two rows wide. All of the kettles have a central boss, but around it the lower-pitched ones have a flattened head, while the higher ones have an
arched one. Bonang is one of the most important instruments in the ensemble, as it gives many of the cues to other players in the gamelan.
Two of the three types of bonangs in central Javanese gamelan include:
Bonang Panerus - which plays the fastest rhythms of the bonang, and,
Bonang Barung - one of the most important instruments in the ensemble, as it gives many of the cues to other players in the gamelan.
C. Hanging Gongs: KEMPUL - A type of hanging gong used in Indonesian gamelan. It is often placed with the gong suwukan and gong ageng hanging on a
single rack, at the back of the gamelan, and these instruments are often played by the same player with the same mallets.
Instruments in the first category include large and medium hanging gongs (Gong ageng and gong suwukan), small hanging gongs (kempul), large standing
gongs (kenong), and a pair of small standing gongs (kethuk-kempyang). The role of the kempul is to divide the nongans, which are the contents of each part
between strikes of a kenong.
D. Xylophone: GAMBANG - A xylophone-like instruments similar to saron but with wooden bars instead of metal ones. The bars of the instrument are made of
a dense wood, generally teak or ironwood (kayu besi), and are mounted in a deep wooden case that serves as a resonator.
Instruments typically have 17-21 keys that are easily removed and are kept in place by having a hole through which a nail is placed. Generally, a full gamelan
has two sets, one gambang pelog and the other one gambang slendro.
The gambang plays a leading role in the creation of melodic patterns. Within a full gamelan, it stands out somewhat because of the high speed of playing, and
contrasting timbre because it has widest melodic range which the other instruments don't have.
E. Drums: KENDANG - The primary drum used in the Gamelan ensembles of Java and Bali as well as various Kulintang ensembles in other Southeast Asian
countries such as Malaysia, Brunei and the southern Philippines. They usually are placed on stands horizontally and hit with the hands one either side while
seated on the floor. The kendang usually has the function of keeping the tempo and signaling some of the transitions to sections and the end of the piece. In
dance or wayang, the kendhang player must follow the movements of the dancer and communicate them to the other players in the ensemble.
Lesson 3: Theater (Puppetry) and Dance (Traditional Dance), Traditional or Folk Art
INDONESIAN THEATER: Wayang Kulit - A puppet theater that uses the shadow of the puppets mounted on sticks. Its themes focus on the struggle
between good and evil. This puppet show incorporates kinds of music, such as introductory melodies, music depicting journeys, and music suitable for war or
battle scenes. The dhalang tells the stories of kings, princesses, ogres, and knights, using deft hand movement and narration.
While traditional performances used cotton sheets and oil lamps to create the play of light, electric bulbs or other sources of light are used today
PANAY, BUKIDNON’S Binanog Dance - The Panay Bukidnons of Calinog, Iloilo and nearby provinces practice binanog, (Kinaray-a, meaning “way of
the hawks/like the hawks”), considered as the Panay Bukidnon’s courtship dance. On special occasions especially the women, they wear colorful ingenuous
costumes/personal adornments. This courtship dance is said to have been inspired by the mating of Banog birds. It is a mix of indigenous flare with the popular
beating of a gong. For the Panay Bukidnons, the word Binanog translates to a dance of twos, or dancing in pairs, a male and a female.
Panubok - "Panubok, from the word "tubok," is the traditional embroidery of the Panay Bukidnon which patterns and designs reflect shapes and
objects from the environment, where the Panay Bukidnon draw their inspiration from. The designs and patterns are incorporated on their traditional clothes, on
bracelets, and many more. This surviving art has been passed on to many generations and is still being learned by the young of the Panay Bukidnon indigenous
peoples community.
Basic Patterns of Panubok Embroidery
LINANTAY - The basic panubok (embroidery) pattern. The manugtubok (embroiderer) can come up with different embroidery designs using the linantay (chain
stitch).
LINABOG - A panubok design (bulak, meaning “flower”) patterned after the flower of the labog plant that grows abundantly in the forest. Labog is very significant
in the life of the Panay Bukidnon. The flowering season of labog signals the start of planting season for their kaingin and it also reminds then that it is already
January.
A. Girigiti - A panubok applique patched in the edges of the clothes.
B. Togi-togi - A zigzag-shaped applique commonly used as edging on their blouses.
C. Binalagon - A panubok design patterned after a vine used to tie bamboos to create a raft.
D. Inagsam - A patterned after a trap-like thorny fern called agsam that is like a trap or a nesting place for snakes.
TUKO – TUKO - A patterned after the “tuko” or “tukod” made of “kawayan” or bamboo poles. This “tuko” also is used in making a “karosa” which the Panay
Bukidnon farmers use in transferring their harvest from one kaingin to another.
MATANGPUNAY - A panubok design pattered after the eyes of the lovely/loving bird and a pet of Humadapnon, the punay. Humadapnon is a character in the
Suguidanon or Epics of Central Panay.
BINUNGHAY - A basic panubok pattern that is a combination of another pattern - for example, sikag-sikag nga binunghay is two sikag-sikag (v design) forming a
“w” design; this design is also present in the sudlikama pattern
INDONESIA’S Ikat Fabric - A dyeing technique used to create a distinct style of textile patterns. Ikat is done by resist dyeing sections of the yarns
prior to weaving the fabric.
Ikat is an Indonesian language word, which depending on context, can be the nouns: cord, thread, knot and the finished ikat fabric as well as the verbs "to tie" or
"to bind".
WARP IKAT - The warp version is the easiest to create. Yarns like silk, cotton, wool, or other cloths get wound on a tying frame, where they are
separated into bundles. The thread bundles are folded, and a basic ikat motif is bound.
Warp is the set of threads running lengthwise in the loom (or vertical threads).
WEFT IKAT - To ensure the clarity of these ikat patterns, the weft yarn needs to be adjusted after each time the shuttle passes through the weave.
Weft is the set of threads that are woven across the loom (or horizontal threads).
DOUBLE IKAT - Both the warp and weft yarns are tied and dyed before being woven into a single textile—are relatively rare because of the intensive
skilled labour required to produce them. These patterns feature very precise textures; Indonesia and India generally produce the best versions of this.
Lesson 2: Family Conflict Management and Physical Activities to Strengthen Relationship with Family Members
Family Dynamics - the patterns and interactions within a family, including relationships, roles, and communication.
Collaborative Technology - tools and platforms that enable individuals to work together or share information in a virtual or online environment.
Conflict - a disagreement or dispute between individuals or groups with differing perspectives or interests.
Open Communication - characterized by honesty, transparency, and the free exchange of thoughts and feelings.
Conflict Resolution - the process of addressing and finding solutions to disagreements or conflicts.
Empathy - the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.
Setting Boundaries - defining and communicating personal limits and expectations within relationships.
Inclusive - emphasizing the involvement and participation of all individuals, ensuring that no one is excluded.