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Sample Papers - Solutions

The document contains solutions to practice activity sheets for a Science and Technology course, covering various topics such as electricity, chemical reactions, and optics. It includes multiple-choice answers, explanations of scientific principles, and examples of chemical equations and reactions. The document is structured in a question-and-answer format, providing detailed responses to each question.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
10 views

Sample Papers - Solutions

The document contains solutions to practice activity sheets for a Science and Technology course, covering various topics such as electricity, chemical reactions, and optics. It includes multiple-choice answers, explanations of scientific principles, and examples of chemical equations and reactions. The document is structured in a question-and-answer format, providing detailed responses to each question.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 1


Q. 1. (A)
(i) (A)
(ii) (D)
(iii) (B)
(iv) (B)
(v) (B)

Q. 1. (B)
(i) resistor
(ii) Rod like cells – (b) Intensity of light
(iii) Temperature
[All others are transfers of thermal energy, whereas temperature is the degree
of heat]  for reference only.
(iv) True

(v) Zinc

Q. 2. (A)
(i) 
(1) In cold countries, in winter, a layer of ice is formed on the surface of lakes
when the atmospheric temperature falls below 0°C. However, below this
layer, there is water at 4°C.

(2) Ice, being a bad conductor of heat, does not allow transfer of heat from this
water to the atmosphere. Hence, aquatic animals and plants can survive in
this water.
(ii) (1) In the atoms of the inert gas elements ( zero group elements ), all the electronic

shells, including the outermost shell, are completely filled.
(2) 
The electronic configuration is stable, and these elements do not lose or
accept electrons. These elements do not take part in chemical reactions.
These elements are gases. Hence, they are called noble gases.

(iii) 
(1) Copper and aluminium are good conductors of electricity.
(2) Copper and aluminium have very low resistivity. Hence, when an electric
current flows through a wire of copper or aluminium, heat produced is
comparatively low. Therefore, for electric power transmission, copper or
aluminium wire is used.
Q. 2. (B)
(i) 
When magnesium burns in air, it combines with oxygen, emitting intense light
and heat to form magnesium oxide.
2Mg + O2  2MgO
Magnesium Oxygen Magnesium oxide

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 1
(ii)
Mass Weight
1. The mass of a body is the amount 1. The weight of a body is the force with
of matter present in it. which the earth attracts it.
2. It has magnitude, but not direction. 2. It has both magnitude and direction.
3. 
It does not change from place to 3. It changes from place to place.
place.
4. It can never be zero 4. It is zero at the centre of the earth.

5. Its SI unit is kilogram. 5. Its SI unit is newton.

 (Any two correct points)


(iii) 
The name and structure of monomer :
Tetrafluroethylene CF2 = CF2
Teflon is used to make nonstick cookware.

(iv) (1) When the incident ray is parallel to the principal axis, the refracted ray
passes through the principal focus.
(2) When the incident ray passes through the principal focus, the refracted ray
is parallel to the principal axis.
(3) When the incident ray passes through the optical centre of the lens, it passes
without changing its direction.  (Any two rules)

(v) 
A geostationary satellite revolves in the equatorial plane of the earth, and thus,
not around the polar regions.
Hence, geostationary satellites are not useful for studies of polar regions.

Q. 3.

(i) (a) The right hand thumb rule.


(b) Fleming’s right hand rule.
(c) Fleming’s left hand rule.
(ii) (a) The principle behind the working of a satellite launch vehicle is Newton’s third
law of motion. It states that every action force has an equal (in magnitude) and
opposite (in direction) reaction force which acts simultaneously.

(b) Escape velocity,

vesc = ij
2GM
, where
R
G ≡the universal gravitational constant,
M ≡mass of a planet (or star or moon) and
R ≡radius of the planet (or star or moon).
(c) Indian Space Research Organisation.
(iii) (a) Metals which react with water : Potassium, Sodium.
(b) Two moderately reactive metals : Magnesium, aluminium.
(c) The most highly reactive metal : Potassium.
The least reactive metal : Gold.

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
(iv) Step 1 : Rewrite the given equation as it is

H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l)  H2SO4(l)
Step 2 : Write the number of atoms of each element in the unbalanced equation on
both sides of equations.

Number of atoms in Number of atoms in


Element
reactant (left side) products (right side)
H 4 2
S 2 1
O 8 4

Step 3 : To equalise the number of hydrogen atoms, sulphur atoms and oxygen
atoms we use 2 as the coefficient or factor in the product.

Number of atoms in Number of atoms in


Element
reactant (left side) products (right side)
H 4 2×2
S 2 1×2
O 8 4×2
Total 14 14

Now the equation becomes H2S2O7 + H2O  2 H2SO4


Now, count the atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. The number
of atoms on both sides are equal. Hence, the balanced equation is
H2S2O7 (l) + H2O (l)  2 H2SO4(l)
Now indicate the physical states of the reactants and products.
H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l)  2H2SO4(l)
(v) Data : Converging lens, f = 10 cm

u =  − 25 cm, h1 = 5 cm, v = ?, h2 = ?
1 1 1 1 1 1
(1) = −    ∴ = +
f v u v f u
1 1 1 1 1 5−2 3
∴ = + = − = =
v 10 cm − 25 cm 10 cm 25 cm 50 cm 50 cm
50
∴ Image distance, v = cm = 16.67 cm = 16.7 cm.
3
h v v
(2) 2 = ∴ h2 = h 1
h1 u u
(50/3) cm 50 × 5
∴ h2 = × 5 cm = − cm
− 25 cm 25 × 3
10
=− cm =  − 3.333 cm
3

= − 3.3 cm
The height of the image = − 3.3 cm (inverted image ∴ minus sign).
(3) The image is real, inverted and smaller than the object.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 3
(vi) (a) From the given description we understand Kepler’s three laws.

(b) Kepler’s law of areas : The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal
areas in equal intervals of time.

(c) Kepler’s law of periods : The square of the period of revolution of a planet


around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the
planet from the Sun.

(vii) With reference to oxygen and hydrogen there are two types of reaction :

(1) Oxidation reaction.
(2) Reduction reaction.

Example for oxidation reaction :  (Any one example)


(1) W
 hen carbon burns in air, it forms carbon dioxide. In this reaction carbon
accepts oxygen, therefore, this is an oxidation reaction.
C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)

(2) When sodium reacts with ethyl alcohol, sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas is
formed. In this reaction, hydrogen is removed from ethyl alcohol, therefore this
is an oxidation reaction.
2C2H5OH(l) +  2Na(S)    2C2H5ONa(l)  +   H2 (g)↑
Ethyl Sodium Sodium Hydrogen
alcohol ethoxide

(3) Acidified potassium dichromate


(K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4) oxidizes ethyl alcohol to acetic acid.

2(O)
 CH3 − CH2 − OH CH3 − COOH + H2O
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Ethyl alcohol Acetic acid

Example for reduction reaction : (Any one example)

(1) When hydrogen gas is passed over black copper oxide a reddish coloured layer
of copper is formed.
In this reaction an oxygen atom removed from CuO to form copper, hence, this
is reduction.
CuO(s) + H2(g)  Cu(s) + H2O(l)

Copper oxide Copper

(2) When hydrogen gas is passed over red hot coke, methane is obtained.
Here, hydrogen is added to coke (carbon). Hence, this is reduction.
C(s) + 2H2(g)  CH4(g)
Carbon Hydrogen gas Methane

(viii) (a) Eka-silicon


Germanium

(b) Eka-boron Scandium

(c) Eka-aluminium Gallium

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
Q. 4.
(i)

Light ray Refraction


and dispersion
(Sunlight)
Viol Red
et

Water droplet
Internal
reflection

Violet
Refraction
Red

(1) A rainbow is a natural spectrum that appears in the sky following a rain shower.
It is created by dispersion, internal reflection and refraction of sunlight by small
water droplets in the atmosphere.
(2) When sunlight is incident on a water droplet, there is (i) refraction and dispersion
of light as it passes from air to water (ii) internal reflection of light inside the
droplet and (iii) refraction of light as it passes from water to air.
(3) The refractive index of water is different for different colours, being maximum for
violet and minimum for red. Hence, there is dispersion of light ( separation into
different colours ) as it passes from air to water.
(4) The combined action of different water droplets, acting like tiny prisms, is to
produce a rainbow with red colour at the outer side and violet colour at the inner
side. The remaining five colours lie between these two.
The rainbow is seen when the sun is behind the observer and water droplets in
the front.
H
H
(ii) (a) Methane : Molecular formula : CH4   H
C H    H C H
H
H

H H
H H
(b) Ethene : Molecular formula : H2C = CH2 C=C C C
H H
H H

H
H
(c) Methanol : Molecular formula : H3C – OH   H C OH  H C O H
H
H

(d) Water : Molecular formula : H2O  

(e) Nitrogen : Molecular formula : N2  : N d d N :

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 5
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 2

Q. 1. (A)

(i) (B)

(ii) (B)

(iii) (B)

(iv) (A)

(v) (C)

Q. 1. (B)
(i) False. (If the height of the orbit of a satellite increases, its velocity decreases)

(ii) Ohm ( Ώ)

(iii) The wavelength of the violet light – (c) close to 400 nm.

(iv) C2H4 (others are saturated hydrocarbons.)

(v) According to Faraday’s law of induction, bulb A will fuse.

Q. 2. (A)
(i) (1) As a star is far away from the earth, it appears as a point source of light.

Air is always in motion.


(2) The density and temperature of air change continuously resulting in the
change in the refractive index of air in a given region of space. Hence, there is
a continuous change in the apparent position and brightness of a star. Hence,
the star appears to twinkle.

(ii) (1) In a period, while going from left to right, the atomic radius goes on decreasing

and the atomic number increases one by one, that means positive charge on

the nucleus increases by one unit at a time.


(2) However, the additional electron is added to the same outermost shell. Due
to the increased nuclear charge, the electrons are pulled towards the nucleus
to a greater extent, as a result the size of atom decreases, i.e. atomic radius
decreases.

(iii) (1) The weight of a body of mass m on the surface of a planet of mass M and

GmM
radius R is W = ( in the usual notation ).
R2
(2) For a given body, its mass is constant. G is the universal constant of gravitation.

Different planets have different masses and radii such that the ratio ( M / R 2 )

is not the same. Hence, the weight of a body is different on different planets.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 1
Q. 2. (B)

(i)Given : P = 100 W, I = 3A, R = ?

P = I2R
P 100 W
∴ Resistance, R  = =
I2 (3 A)2
100
= Ώ = 11.11 Ώ
9

(ii) Sometimes water enters into crevices of the rocks. When the temperature of the

atmosphere falls below 4°C, water expands. Even when water freezes to form ice,

there is increase in its volume. As there is no room for expansion, it exerts a

tremendous pressure on the rocks which crack and break up into small pieces.

(iii) (a) Displacement reaction


(b) Combination reaction

(iv)
Metals Nonmetals
1. Metals have a lustre. 1. Nonmetals have no lustre.
Exception : Iodine and Diamond.
2. They are generally good conductors 2. They are bad conductors of heat and
of heat and electricity. electricity. Exception : Graphite.
3. They are generally solids at room 3. They are generally gases and solids
temperature. Exception : Mercury at room temperature.
and gallium are liquids. Exception : Bromine is a liquid.
4. Metals form basic oxides. 4. Nonmetals form acidic or neutral
oxides.

 (Any two points)

(v) 
Cylindrical
container 0°C Thermometer T2

Freezing
mixture (Ice + salt) Flat bowl

Water
4°C Thermometer T1

Beaker

Q. 3. (i) (a) Electric motor.

(b) Fleming’s left hand rule.

(c) Fan, washing machine.

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
(ii) Data : h = 500 m, g = 10 m/s2,

v = 0 m/s, u = ?, t (for the object going up) + t (for the object coming down) = ?
As the object moves upward,
v2 = u2 + 2as
= u2 + 2 ( − g)h ( ∵ a = − g)
Now, v = 0 m/s
∴ u2 = 2gh = 2 × 10 m/s2 × 500 m
∴ u2 = (100 × 100) m/s2
∴ u = 100 m/s (initial velocity of the body)

Also, v = u + at = u − gt

For v = 0 m/s, u = gt

∴ 100 m/s = 10 m/s2 × t

∴ t (for the object going up) = 10 s

Now, t (for the object coming down) = t (for the object going up) = 10 s

∴ t (for the object going up) + t (for the object coming down)

= 10 s + 10 s = 20 s
It will take 20 s for the object to come back to the earth.

(iii) (a) The block shown by box A is the s-block. Electronic configuration of



Mg : 2, 8, 2.
(b) The block of element denoted by letter B is the d-block and its period number
is 4.
(c) Metalloids : Boron (B) and Silicon (Si).

(iv) (a) Critical angle, r = 90°

(b) Total internal reflection.


As light goes from a denser to rarer medium, if the value of the angle of incidence
increases, then the value of the angle of refraction also increases. But after a
specific angle of incidence called the critical angle, the light gets reflected back
into the denser medium.

(v) The homogeneous mixture formed by mixing a metal with other metals or nonmetals
in certain proportion is called an alloy.

Examples :

(1) Bronze : Bronze is an alloy formed from 90% copper and 10% tin.

(2) Stainless steel : Stainless steel alloy is made from 74% iron, 18% chromium
and 8% carbon.
(vi) A man-made object orbiting around the earth or any other planet is called an
artificial satellite.
(a) Weather satellites : Weather satellites collect the information regarding weather
conditions of the region. It records temperature, air pressure, wind direction,

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 3
humidity, cloud cover, etc. this information is sent to the space research station
on the earth, and then with this information weather forecast is made.
(b) Broadcasting satellites : Broadcasting satellites are used to transmit various
radio and television programmes and even live programmes from any place on
the earth to any other place. As a result, one can have access to information
about current incidents, events, programmes, sports and other events right
from his drawing room with these satellites.
(vii) (a) n-Butane

(b) Ethanamine
(c) Ethanal

(viii) (1) Polysaccharide is a natural polymer. It occurs in starch / carbohydrates. It is



formed from monomer glucose.
(2) Protein is a natural polymer. It occurs in muscles, hair, enzymes, skin, egg. It
is formed from alpha amino acids.
(3) Rubber is a natural polymer. It occurs in latex of rubber tree. It is formed from
monomer isoprene.
Q. 4.
(i) (a) Myopia or Nearsightedness

(b) Possible reasons of the defect :


(1) The curvature of the cornea and the eye lens increases. The muscles near the
lens cannot relax so that the converging power of the lens remains large.
(2) 
The eyeball elongates so that the distance between the lens and the retina
increases.
(c) Correction of the defect : This defect can be corrected using spectacles with
concave lenses. A concave lens diverges the incident rays and these diverged rays
can be converged by the lens in the eye to form an image on the retina.


(ii)

(a) (1) This is a redox reaction. In this reaction, the reduction of BaSO4 and oxidation
of carbon take place simultaneously.
BaSO4 + 4C  BaS + 4CO
oxidation

reduction

(2) Example :
CuO + H2  Cu + H2O
2H2S + SO2  3S + 2H2O (Any one example)

(b) (1) Oxidation reaction : The chemical reaction in which a reactant combines



with oxygen or loses hydrogen to form the product is called oxidation reaction.

(2) Reduction reaction : The chemical reaction in which a reactant gains hydrogen


and loses oxygen to form the product is called a reduction reaction.

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 3


Q. 1. (A)
(i) (A)
(ii) (B)
(iii) (D)
(iv) (D)
(v) (A)
Q. 1. (B)
(i) Weather satellite
(ii) Reduction – (b) Combination with hydrogen

(iii) 
Neutralization [Reflection, refraction and dispersion are properties of light
while neutralization is a reaction of an acid and a base that results in an ionic
compound.]
(iv) False [ v › ve]

(v) Centripetal force.

Q. 2. (A)
(i) (1) In cold countries, in winter, the temperature of the atmosphere falls below
0°C. When the temperature of water falls below 4°C, it expands. Hence, the
water in pipes expands. Even if ice is formed, there is an increase in the
volume.

(2) As there is no room for expansion, water (or ice) exerts a large pressure on
the pipes. Hence, the pipelines carrying water burst.

(ii) (1) The valency of an element is determined by the number of valence electron in


the outermost shell of an atom of an element.


(2) All the elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons.
Therefore, elements in the same group should have the same valency.
For example, the elements of group I contain only one valence electron; the
valency of elements of group I is one. Similarly for group II, the valency is
two.

(iii) (1) A fuse is used to protect a circuit and the appliances connected in the circuit
by stopping the flow of an excessive electric current. For this, a fuse is
connected in series in the circuit.

(2) When the current in the circuit passes through the fuse, its temperature
increases. When the current exceeds the specified value, the fuse must melt
to break the circuit. For this, the material used for a fuse has low melting
point.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 1
Q. 2. (B)
(i)
AC generator DC generator
1. In an AC generator, the rings used 1. 
In a DC generator, split rings are
are not split. used.
2. The direction of the current 2. The current produced flows in the
produced reverses after equal same direction all the time.
intervals of time.
(ii) The mass of water vapour present in a unit volume of air is called absolute
humidity. Generally it is expressed in kg / m3.

(iii) Given : The absolute refractive index of water (n) = 1.36


Velocity of light in vacuum (v1) = 3 × 108 m/s
v
Formula : n = 1
v2
3 × 108
∴ 1.36 =
v2
3 × 108
∴ v2 = = 2.21 × 108 m/s
1.36
The velocity of light in water is 2.21×108 m/s.

(iv) In hydrocarbon, the four valencies of carbon atom are satisfied only by the single
bonds, such compounds are called saturated hydrocarbons.
For example : Methane molecule contains only one carbon atom. In methane,
four hydrogen atoms are bonded to carbon atom by four covalent bonds.
H H H

H C H H C C H

H H H
Methane Ethane

(v) (1) In the figure, process of Electroplating is shown.


(2) The process in which a less reactive metal is coated on a more reactive metal
by electrolysis is called electroplating.

Q. 3.
(i) Data : t = 1s, g = 10 m / s2, u = 0 m / s,
s = ?, v = ?
1 1
(1) s = ut + gt 2= gt 2 for u = 0 m / s
2 2
1
∴ s = × 10 m / s2 × ( 1 s ) 2= 5 m
2
∴ The height of the table = 5 m.

(2) v = u + at = u + gt
= 0 m / s + (10 m / s2 × 1 s)
= 10 m / s
The velocity of the ball on reaching the ground= 10 m / s.

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
(ii) (a) An element X is Sodium (Na).
An element Y is Lithium (Li).

(b) Yes, these elements belong to the same group (group I) as they have the same
number of valence electrons.

(c) Element X is more electropositive than Y. This is because while going down the
group, electropositivity increases with increase in atomic size.

(iii) (a) AC electric generator.


(b) Electromagnetic induction.

(c) It is used to generate alternating current.

(iv) (a) If the number of electrons in the outermost orbit is less, then the metal is more

reactive. Metal A contains one electron in the outermost shell, while metal B
contains two electrons. Hence, metal A is more reactive than metal B.

(b) Metal A is sodium and metal B is magnesium. Reactions of Na and Mg with dil.


HCl are,


(c)  
2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl(aq) + H2(g)
Sodium dil. HCl Sodium Hydrogen
chloride

Mg + 2HCl  Mg Cl2 + H2(g)


Magnesium dil. HCl Magnesium Hydrogen
chloride

(v) (1) Orbit of a satellite is its path around the earth.


(2) On the basis of the height of the satellite : Orbit of a satellite can be HEO, MEO
or LEO.

(a) High Earth Orbit (HEO) satellite : A satellite orbiting at a height equal to or


greater than 35780 km above the earth’s surface is called a High Earth Orbit
satellite.
(b) Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite : A satellite orbiting at a height between
2000 km and 35780 km above the earth’s surface is called a Medium Earth
Orbit satellite.

Medium Earth Orbit

Low Earth Orbit

Medium Earth
Orbit

High Earth Orbit

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 3
(c) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite : A satellite orbiting at a height between
180 km and 2000 km above the earth’s surface is called a Low Earth Orbit
satellite.
K2Cr04 + BaSO4 BaCrO4 + K2SO4

(vi) (a) The colour of the precipitate formed was yellow.



(b) The name of the precipitate is barium chromate.
(c) This reaction is a double displacement reaction.

(vii) (a) Refraction of light.



(b) (1) 
The incident ray and the refracted ray are on the opposite sides of the
normal to the surface at the point of incidence and all the three, i.e., the
incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal are in the same plane.
(2) For a given pair of media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to
the sine of the angle of refraction is constant (Snell’s law). This constant is
called the refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first
medium.
[Note : Here, a ray means a ray of light.]

(viii) The iron rust is formed due to electrochemical reaction. Different regions on iron
surface become anode and cathode.
● Reaction on anode region :
Fe(s)  Fe2 + (aq) + 2e −
● Reaction on cathode region :
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e −  2H2O(l)

When Fe 2 + ions migrate from anode region they react with water to form Fe3 + ions.
A reddish coloured hydrated oxide is formed from Fe3 + ions. It is called rust.
2Fe3 + (aq) + 4H2O(l)  + Fe2O3.H2O(s) + 6H + (aq)

A way to prevent rusting by colouring with acrylic paints, Zn plating, galvanizing,


anodizing, alloying, etc.

Q. 4.
(i) (a) (1) This defect is called myopia (nearsightedness).
(2) It is corrected using spectacles having concave lenses of appropriate power.

(b) (1) This defect is called hypermetropia ( farsightedness ).


(2) It is corrected using spectacles having convex lenses of appropriate power.
(c) When a person cannot see nearby objects as well as distant objects clearly, bifocal
lenses are used in spectacles.

(ii) (a) Esterification reaction.


(b) CH3 − COO − CH2 − CH3

(c) The property of product (Ester) formed have sweet odour.

(d) (1) Making fragrances (2) Making flavouring agents.

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 4

Q. 1. (A) (i) (C)


(ii) (D) 

[Hint : Let mass of a person be m

∴ his weight on earth = mg = m × 9.8


mg m × 9.8
Now, weight of the person on moon will be =
6 6

But, Wmoon = 9 N   ... (Given)

m × 9.8 9×6
∴ 9= i.e. m = = 5.5 kg
6 9.8

Now, Wearth = mg = 5.5 × 9.8 = 54 N]

(iii) (A)
(iv) (D) (v) (A)
Q. 1. (B)

(i) Gravitational constant − (c) Same in the entire universe

H

(ii) C3H4 : (Propyne) H – C ≡ C – C – H

H
(iii) True
(iv) The natural process shown in the figure is formation of rainbow.
(v) GSLV
Q. 2. (A)
(i) (1) The retina in the eye is made of many light sensitive cells. The rod-shaped
cells respond to the intensity of light while the cone-shaped cells respond to
various colours.
(2) The cone-shaped cells do not respond to faint light. They function only in
bright light. Hence, one can sense colours only in bright light.

(ii) (1) The working of heating devices such as a toaster and an electric iron is based

on the heating effect of electric current, i.e. conversion of electric energy into

heat by passage of electric current through a metallic conductor.

(2) 
An alloy, such as Nichrome, has high resistivity and it can be heated to a

high temperature without oxidation, in contrast to pure metals. Therefore,

the coils in heating devices such as a toaster and an electric iron are made

of an alloy, such as Nichrome, rather than a pure metal.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 1
(iii) 
Copper oxidises to form black coloured layer of copper oxide. When copper
oxide combines with carbon dioxide from air, copper loses its lustre due to
formation of greenish layer of copper carbonate on its surface. Thus, copper
articles exposed to air for a long time get corroded.

Q. 2. (B) (i)

(1) In a space nonessential objects such as the parts of launchers and satellites,
revolving around the earth are called the debris in space.
(2) The debris can be harmful to the artificial satellites. It can collide with the
satellites or spacecrafts and damage them. Therefore the future of artificial
satellites or spacecrafts are in danger.
(3)Hence, it is necessary to manage the debris.
(ii) 
Whether air is saturated with water vapour or not is determined on the basis of
the extent of water vapour present in the air. If the relative humidity is 100%,
air is saturated with water vapour. In that case, we can see formation of water
droplets on the leaves of plants / grass.
   If the relative humidity is less than 100%, air is not saturated with
water vapour.
(iii) A : Direction of the magnetic field.
B : Direction of the current.
(iv) (a) Inert gas elements : (2, 8)

(b) Third row elements : (2, 8, 1)
(c) Second group elements : (2, 2)
(d) Seventeen group elements : (2, 7)

(v) (a) Reduction

(b) Oxidation
Q. 3.
(i) (a) Propan-2-ol :   CH3 – CH – CH3

OH

(b) 1-Bromopropane : CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – Br

(c) Butanoic acid : CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – COOH

(ii) Data : m1 = 150 g,



Δ T1=50°C – 0°C = 50 °C, cw = 1 cal/g·°C,
L1 = 80 cal/g, L2 = 540 cal/g,
Δ T2 = 100°C – 50°C = 50°C, m2 = ?
Q1 (heat absorbed by ice) = m1L1 = 150 g × 80 cal/g = 12000 cal
Q2 (heat absorbed by water formed on melting of ice) = m1 cw ΔT1
= 150 g × 1 cal/g·°C × 50°C = 7500 cal
Q3 (heat given out by steam) = m2L2 = m2 × 540 cal /g
Q4 (heat given out by water formed on condensation of steam)
= m2 cw ΔT2 = m2 × 1 cal/g·°C × 50°C
According to the principle of heat exchange,
Q1 + Q2 = Q3 + Q4

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
∴ 12000 cal + 7500 cal = m2 × 540 cal/g + m2 × 50 cal/g
∴ 19500 cal = m2 (540 + 50) cal/g
19500
∴ m2 = g = 33.05 g
590
33.05 g of steam is to be mixed.

(iii) (a) The potential difference between the live wire and the neutral wire is 220 V.

(b) If a bare live wire ( phase wire ) and a bare neutral wire touch each other ( come
in direct contact ) or come very close to each other, the resistance of the circuit
becomes very small and hence huge ( very high ) electric current flows through
it. This condition is called a short circuit or short circuiting.
(c) A fuse protects electrical circuits and appliances by stopping the flow of electric
current when it exceeds a specified value. For this, it is connected in series with
the appliance (or circuit) to be protected.

(iv) (a) When iron is exposed to moist air, it forms reddish layer of hydrated ferric
oxide, this is called rust.

(b) Chemical formula of rust : Fe2O3.H2O.

(c) Reaction of cathode : O2(g) + 4H + (aq) + 4e − → 2H2O(l)

(v) (a) The atomic number of this element is 20.


(b) The group of this element is 2.
(c) The element belongs to a period 4.
M2 (planet)
(vi) Data :
= 3,
M1 (earth)
D1 (earth) = 12800 km
12800 km
∴ R1 (earth) = = 6400 km = 6.4 × 10 6 m
2

D2 (planet) = 25600 km
25600 km
∴ R2 (planet) = = 12800 km = 1.28 × 10 7 m
2

g1 (earth) = 9.8 m/s2, g2 (planet) = ?

GM GM1 GM2
g=   ∴ g1 = , g2 =
R2 R21 R22
2
M2 R1
oe o
g2
∴ =e
g1 M1 R2
2
M2 R1
∴ g2 = g1 e o  e o
M1 R2
2
6.4 × 10 6 m
= 9.8 m/s2 × 3 × e o =
9.8 × 3
m/s2 = 7.35 m/s2
1.28 × 10 m
7
4

The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the planet = 7.35 m/s2.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 3
(vii) (a) Hypermetropia or Farsightedness.

(b) Hypermetropia is corrected using a suitable convex lens.

Possible reasons of hypermetropia : (a) The curvature of the cornea and the
(c) 
eye lens decreases. Hence, the converging power of the eye lens becomes less.
(b) The distance between the eye lens and retina decreases ( relative to the
normal eye ) and the focal length of the eye lens becomes very large due to the
flattening of the eyeball. (Any one reason gives one mark)

(viii) The phenomenon in which compounds having different structural formulae



have the same molecular formula is called structural isomerism.
  Butane is represented by two different compounds as their structural formulae
are different. The first compound is a straight chain compound and the second
compound is a branched chain compound. These two different structural formulae
have the same molecular formula i.e. C4H10.

H H H H

H C C C C H

H H H H
(1) Straight chain     
(2) Branched chain

Q. 4.
3 4
(i) (a) Data : ng = , nw = , wng = ?
2 3
c c v
ng = , nw = , wng = w
vg vw vg

3
ng 3×3 9
2
∴ wng = = = = .
nw 4 4 × 2 8
3
(b)
A
Incident ray Normal
i
P Air Q
N
Glass slab r

Refracted ray

i1 Normal
M
S Air R
e
Emergent ray

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]

(ii)
Concentration of ores

Gravitation based Magnetic


separation Separation

Leaching Froth floatation

(a) Pine oil is used in froth floatation method.


(b) The finely powdered ore and vegetable oil, such as pine oil, eucalyptus oil are
mixed with water for formation of froth. The pressurised air is blown through the
mixture. The agitator is used as per the requirement. Bubbles are formed due to
the blown air. A foam is formed from oil, water and air bubbles together, due to
the agitating. This foam rises to the surface of the water and floats. Hence, this
method is called froth floatation. Sulphide minerals float with the foam on water
as they get and can be removed. The gangue particles are wetted by water, settles
down at the bottom. This method is used for the concentration of zinc blend
(ZnS) and copper pyrite (CuFeS2).

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 5
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 5

Q. 1. (A)

(i) (C)

(ii) (B)

(iii) (B)

(iv) (B)

(v) (C)

Q. 1. (B)

(i)Nichrome

(ii) Polysaccharide (others are manmade polymers.)

(iii) Earth observation satellite (a) Satellite : IRS

(b) Launcher : PSLV

(iv) True

(v) Power of a lens : diopter

Q. 2. (A)

1
(i) (1) The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is about of that on the earth.
6

(2) In the usual notation, we have h = u2/2g. This shows that with a specific

initial velocity, we can jump higher on the moon than on the earth.

(ii) 
(1) When a pencil is partly immersed in water and held in a slanting position, the

rays of light coming from the immersed part of the pencil emerge from water

(a denser medium) and enter air (a rarer medium). During this propagation,

they bend away from the normal on refraction.

(2) As a result, the immersed part of the pencil does not appear straight with

respect to the part outside the water, but appears to be raised. Hence, a

pencil dipped obliquely in water appears bent at the surface of the water.

(iii) (1) Silver is a soft metal and wears off on constant usage particularly due to

abrasion. Silver amalgam is an alloy of silver and mercury.

(2) It is a hard substance. It is nontoxic. Besides these properties it is a lustrous

shining substance. It melts at a comparatively low temperature and can

therefore conveniently fill in the cavities. Hence, silver amalgam is used for

filling dental cavities.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 1
Q. 2. (B) (i)
Magnetic lines of force

Solenoid

I B K

(ii) Data : P1 = 100 W, P2 = 60 W, V = 220 V


P
I=? ∴ I=
V
P1 P2
P = VI ∴ I1 = and I2 =
V V
Current in the main conductor, I = I1 + I2 ( parallel connection )
P1 P2 P1 + P2 100 W + 60 W 160
= + = = = A= 0.727 A ≈ nearly 0.73 A.
V V V 220 V 220
(iii) (1) If the temperature of water is raised from 0°C to 10°C, its volume goes on
decreasing in the range 0°C to 4°C. It is minimum at 4°C. The volume of
water goes on increasing in the range 4°C to 10°C.
(2) In general, when a substance is heated, its volume goes on increasing with
temperature. Thus, in the range 0°C to 4°C, behaviour of water is different
from other substances. It is called anomalous behaviour of water.
(iv) Mendeleev’s periodic table Modern periodic table
1. In this table, the elements are 1. In this table, the elements are
arranged in the order of their arranged in the order of their
increasing atomic weights. increasing atomic number.
2. In this table, the position of an 2. In this table, the position of an
element is based on its properties element is based on its electronic
and atomic weight. configuration.
3. There are 8 groups in this table. 3. There are 18 groups in this table.
4. In this table, some elements having 4. In this table, the elements belonging
similar properties are found in to the same group show similar
different groups, while those having chemical properties.
different properties are sometimes
found in the same group.

 (Any two points)


(v) 
The chemical substance which brings about an oxidation reaction by making
oxygen available is called oxidant or oxidizing agent.
(1) In the combustion of carbon, oxygen is an oxidant.
(2) In the oxidation of ethyl alcohol, potassium dichromate is used as oxidant.

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
Q. 3.
(i) Given : m = 3 kg, distance travelled by the ball s = 125 m, initial velocity of the

ball = u = 0 and acceleration a = g = 10 m/s2.
(a) Newton’s second equation of motion gives
1
s = ut + at2
2
1
∴ 125 = (0 × t) + × 10 × t2 = 5 t2
2
125
∴ t2 = = 25
5
∴ t=5 s
The ball takes 5 seconds to reach the ground.
(b) According to Newton’s first equation of motion final velocity, v = u + at
 = 0 + (10 × 5) = 50 m/s
The velocity of the ball on reaching the ground is 50 m/s
5
(c) Half time, t = = 2.5s.
2
Ball’s height at this time = s.
1
According to Newton’s second equation s = ut + at2
2
1
s = 0 + 10 × (2.5)2 = 31.25 m.
2
Thus, the height of the ball at half time = 125 − 31.25 = 93.75 m

(ii) (1) H H H H H

H C C C C C H n-pentane

H H H H H

(2) H H H H
| | | |
H − C − C − C − C − H Isopentane
|
H |
H
|
H
|

H − C − H
|
H

(3) H
|
H − C − H
H | H
| | |
H − C − C − C − H neopentane
|
H |
H
|

H − C − H
|
H
(iii) Data : m1 = 2 kg, ΔT1 = 20°C − 0 °C = 20°C, c1 = 1 kcal/kg·°C, L1 (ice) = 80 kcal/kg, L2

(vaporization of ammonia) = 341 cal/g = 341 kcal/kg, m2 = ?
Q1 (heat lost by water) = m1c1ΔT1 + m1 L1
= (2 kg × 1 kcal/kg·°C × 20°C) + (2 kg × 80 kcal/kg)
= 40 kcal + 160 kcal = 200 kcal

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 3
Q2 (heat absorbed by ammonia) = m2 L2
= m2 × 341 kcal/kg
According to the principle of heat exchange, Q1 = Q2
∴ 200 kcal = m2 × 341 kcal/kg
200
∴ m2 = kg = 0.5864 kg = 586.4 g
341
586.4 g of ammonia are to be evaporated.

(iv) (a) The natural process shown in the figure is formation of rainbow.

(b) The phenomena observed in this process are refraction, internal reflection and
dispersion of light.
(c) 
Light ray Refraction
and dispersion
(Sunlight)
Viol Red
et

Water droplet
Internal
reflection

Violet
Refraction
Red

(v) • Straight chain carbon compounds : (a) Propene (b) Butane.



• Branched chain carbon compounds : (c) Isobutane (f) Isobutylene.

• Ring carbon compounds : (d) Cyclopentane (e) Benzene.

(vi) Given :

(1) The mass of the planet (M) is eight times the mass of the earth,
i.e. 8 × 6 × 10 24 kg
(2) The radius of the planet (R) is twice the radius of the earth,
i.e. 2 × 6.4 × 106 km
(3) G = 6.67 × 10 − 11 N·m2 / kg2
Escape velocity for that planet

vesc = ij
2GM
R

= ijj
2×6.67 × 10 −11 N·m2/kg2 × 8 × 6 × 1024 kg
2 × 6.4 × 106 m

= ijj
6.67 × 1013 × 8 × 6
m/s
64 × 10 5

=i j
6.67 × 3
× 108 m / s
4

=ij
20.01
× 104 m / s
4

= 2.237 × 104 m / s
= 22.37 km / s.

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
(vii) (a) The colour of the precipitate is yellow.

(b) The yellow precipitate formed is barium chromate.
(c) The type of chemical reaction is double displacement.

(viii) (a) The process of concentration of bauxite is known as Bayer’s process.

(b) At the cathode : Al3 + + 3e − IIIIJ Al (Reduction)

(c) The formula of cryolite is (Na3AlF6) or AlF3, 3NaF.

Q. 4.

 (i) (a) 
The negative power indicates a concave lens,
i.e. students are suffering from myopia.

(b) The positive power indicates a convex lens,


i.e. students are suffering from hypermetropia.

(c) Most of the students suffer from myopia.

(4) Possible reasons of myopia :


(1) The curvature of the cornea and the eye lens increases. The muscles near the
lens cannot relax so that the converging power of the lens remains large.

(2) 
The distance between the eye lens and the retina increases as the eyeball
elongates.

   (ii) (a) The given elements belong to group 1.

(b) The elements arranged vertically downward in an increasing order of atomic


radii :
Li Na K Rb Cs
152 186 231 244 262

(c) This arrangement match with the pattern of the group 1 of the modern periodic
table in an increasing order of atomic radii.

(d) The biggest atom : Cs, The smallest atom : Li

(e) While going down a group, atomic number increases, atomic radius increases.
Therefore atomic size gradually increases.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 5

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