Travel and tourism (IGCSE-0471)

CH-2 – Global tourism (Main Definitions)

1. Protected area – Regions designated for the conservation of biodiversity and natural

resources.

2. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) – Total value of goods and services produced in a country,

indicating economic health.

3. Negative impacts – Adverse effects tourism can have on the economy, environment, and

society.

4. Biodiversity – The variety of life forms within ecosystems, which can be impacted by

tourism.

5. Ecosystem – A biological community interacting with its environment, sometimes disrupted

by tourism.

6. Economic impacts – The effects of tourism on a destination's economy, such as job creation

and revenue.

7. Environmental impacts – The effect tourism has on the natural environment, both positive

and negative.

8. Sociocultural impacts – The influence of tourism on local societies and cultures.

9. Economic factors – Elements like income levels, inflation, and employment affecting

tourism demand.

10. Tourism demand – The level of interest and willingness of people to travel.

11. Disposable income – Money left after essentials are paid for, which influences tourism

choices.
12. Technological factors – The impact of advancements in technology on tourism, like

transportation and communication.

13. Online booking – The ability to book travel and accommodations via the internet, making

travel easier.

14. Social media – Platforms that influence tourist behavior by showcasing destinations and

experiences.

15. Political factors – Government policies, stability, and international relations that influence

travel and tourism.

16. Social factors – Cultural and societal trends that affect tourism, such as family structures and

leisure time.

17. Demographic – Population characteristics like age, gender, and income that affect tourism

trends.

18. Social consciousness – Awareness and concern for societal issues, influencing choices in

sustainable tourism.

19. Socially sustainable tourism – Tourism that considers and supports social well-being and

community development.

20. Factors – Various elements influencing tourism, such as social, economic, and

environmental conditions.

21. Environmental factors – Natural elements like climate and geography that affect tourism.

22. Health factors – Issues related to public health, such as pandemics, that affect tourism

patterns.

23. Directly employ – The jobs directly generated by the tourism industry.

24. Green destination – A location that promotes environmentally sustainable tourism practices.

25. Greening – The process of making destinations or tourism practices more environmentally

friendly.
26. Value chain location – The point in the tourism supply chain where value is added to a

product or service.

27. Topographical features – The physical landscape of a destination, such as mountains or

beaches, which attracts tourists.

28. Accessibility – The ease with which tourists can reach a destination.

29. Gateways – Major entry points to a country or region, like airports or ports.

30. Hubs – Central locations for transportation, often connecting tourists to multiple destinations.

31. Infrastructure – The basic physical and organizational structures, such as roads and utilities,

needed for tourism.

32. Marketing strategies – Methods used by destinations and tourism businesses to attract

tourists.

33. Consultation support – Assistance provided to destinations or organizations in tourism

planning and management.

34. National tourism organisation (NTO) – Government bodies responsible for promoting

tourism within a country.

35. Non-government organisation (NGO) – Independent organizations that may be involved in

promoting sustainable tourism or community development.

36. Destination management company (DMC) – A company that specializes in the logistics

and planning of a destination for tourists.

37. Combat climate change – Efforts by the tourism sector to reduce its carbon footprint and

environmental impact.

38. Indigenous communities – Native populations that are often involved in or impacted by

tourism.

39. Social enterprises – Businesses that focus on positive social outcomes, often linked to

sustainable tourism.
40. Customs – The traditions and behaviors of a destination’s culture, which tourists may

experience.

41. Sustainable infrastructure – Development that supports tourism while minimizing

environmental and social impacts.

42. Community tourism – A type of tourism that involves and benefits local communities

directly.

43. Nature reserves – Protected areas set aside to conserve wildlife and natural habitats.

44. Regional tourism organisation (RTO) – Organizations that promote tourism within a

specific region.

45. Clean-ups – Environmental initiatives to keep destinations clean and attractive for tourists.

46. Cultural homestay – Staying with local families to experience their culture firsthand.

47. Multiplier effect – The indirect economic benefits that tourism brings to a destination, like

increased spending in local businesses.

48. Inflation – The rise in prices, which can affect the affordability of tourism.

49. Economic leakage – When money spent by tourists does not benefit the local economy,

often due to foreign ownership.

50. Import leakage – When a destination imports goods to meet tourism demands, reducing

local benefits.

51. Export leakage – The outflow of revenue generated by tourism from the local economy to

external businesses.

52. Opportunity costs – The potential benefits lost when a country chooses one economic

activity over another.

53. Over-dependence – Relying too heavily on tourism as the primary source of income for a

region or country.
54. All-inclusive – A type of tourism package that includes everything from accommodation to

meals and activities.

55. Assets – Resources or features that make a destination appealing to tourists.

56. Game drive – A tour to observe wildlife in their natural habitats, typically in African safari

parks.

57. Safari walks – Guided tours through natural habitats to observe wildlife on foot.

58. Carbon footprint – The total greenhouse gas emissions caused by tourism activities.

59. Quota – Limits placed on the number of tourists allowed to visit certain destinations to

prevent over-tourism.

60. Demonstration effects – The influence of tourists on local behaviour, sometimes leading to

cultural change.

61. Culture clash – Conflicts that arise between tourists and local communities due to

differences in customs and behaviour.

62. Commodification – Turning cultural elements or natural resources into products for tourism.

63. Cultural pride – A sense of pride in one's heritage, which can be enhanced or diminished by

tourism.

64. Cultural identity – The unique characteristics that define a culture, which tourism can either

strengthen or weaken.
Subject Travel and Tourism (0471)
CH-2 Global Tourism
Key Words

Prepared by Ms. Tanveer Kousar