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Coefficient of Coupling

The document discusses self-inductance and mutual inductance in magnetically coupled circuits, explaining how a current-carrying coil produces a magnetic field and induces an emf. It defines self-inductance with the formula L = NΦ/I and describes mutual inductance as the emf induced in one coil due to changing current in another. Additionally, it introduces the coefficient of coupling and provides equations for measuring mutual inductance and coupling coefficient in circuits.

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bharghavkumar.ch
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2 views

Coefficient of Coupling

The document discusses self-inductance and mutual inductance in magnetically coupled circuits, explaining how a current-carrying coil produces a magnetic field and induces an emf. It defines self-inductance with the formula L = NΦ/I and describes mutual inductance as the emf induced in one coil due to changing current in another. Additionally, it introduces the coefficient of coupling and provides equations for measuring mutual inductance and coupling coefficient in circuits.

Uploaded by

bharghavkumar.ch
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5(4+𝑗5) 5(4−𝑗5)

A= -0.96 B= 41
C= 41

Therefore i(t) = -0.976 e-400t+ 1.546 sin(500t+38.7)

UNIT- IV MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS

Self-Inductance
A current-carrying coil produces a magnetic field that links its own turns. If the current in the coil
changes the amount of magnetic flux linking the coil changes and, by Faraday’s law, an emf is
produced in the coil. This emf is called a self-induced emf.

Let the coil have N turns. Assume that the same amount of magnetic flux  links each turn of the
coil. The net flux linking the coil is then N. This net flux is proportional to the magnetic field,
which, in turn, is proportional to the current I in the coil. Thus we can write NI. This
proportionality can be turned into an equation by introducing a constant. Call this constant L, the
self-inductance (or simply inductance) of the coil:

N
N   LI or L 
I

As with mutual inductance, the unit of self-inductance is the henry.

The self-induced emf can now be calculated using Faraday’s law:


   N   LI  I
E  N    L
t t t t
I
E  L
t

The above formula is the emf due to self-induction.

Example

Find the formula for the self-inductance of a solenoid of N turns, length l, and cross-sectional area
A.

Assume that the solenoid carries a current I. Then the magnetic flux in the solenoid is

NI N  N NI
  0 A. L   0 A
l I I l
N2 N
L  0 A or L  0 n 2 Al where n  .
l l
(Note how L is independent of the current I .)
Mutual Inductance
Suppose we hook up an AC generator to a solenoid so that the wire in the
solenoid carries AC. Call this solenoid the primary coil. Next place a second
solenoid connected to an AC voltmeter near the primary coil so that it is
coaxial with the primary coil. Call this second solenoid the secondary coil. See
the figure at the right.

The alternating current in the primary coil produces an alternating magnetic


field whose lines of flux link the secondary coil (like thread passing through
the eye of a needle). Hence the secondary coil encloses a changing magnetic
field. By Faraday’s law of induction this changing magnetic flux induces an
emf in the secondary coil. This effect in which changing current in one circuit induces an emf in
another circuit is called mutual induction.

Mutual Inductance

Consider the circuit shown in fig. 8.1, the changing current produces a variable flux in the
first coil. For the purpose of analysis, is divided into two components
If the permeability is constant, the above equation becomes

Suppose that the second coil is connected to a voltage source. Let i2 be the current flow
and 42 be the total flux.

In equations (10 & 13) M is called mutual inductance.

Definition for Mutual Inductance

The mutual inductance between 2 coils is defined as the weber turns in one coil per ampere
current in other coil. It is measured in henrys.
The mutual inductance is also defined as the ability of one coil to produce e.m.f. in other
coil by induction when the current in the first changes.

Coefficient of coupling (K) or coefficient of magnetic coupling (KM).

Consider the fig. 8.1, the fraction of the total flux produced by coil 1 linking coil 2 is

It is called coefficient of coupling. Thus

Multiplying equations (10) & (13), we get

From equation (16), we write that,

From the above expression, we can say that


are in geometric progression.

COUPLING COEFFICIENT

Coupling
Important- voltage is multiplied or divided directly by the transformer ratio, but impedance is
multiplied or divided by the ratio squared. Remember that transformers are frequency and level
sensitive, and that measurement conditions should match operating conditions for accurate results.

For mutual inductance, measure the inductance of the primary and secondary in series, and then
interchange the connections of one winding for a second reading. Apply the equation below:

M 
1
Lseries   Lseries  
4

For coupling, measure the primary and secondary separately then apply the equation below:

M
k
Lp Ls

k is the coefficient of coupling, zero to one.

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