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An Analysisand Locationof Partial Dischargesin Power Transformersby Acoustic Emission Sensor

This conference paper discusses a technique for detecting and locating partial discharges (PD) in power transformers using acoustic emission sensors. The research highlights the effectiveness of the Acoustic Emissions Method for identifying PD, which can prevent transformer damage and facilitate timely maintenance. The findings demonstrate the successful application of sound sensors in monitoring transformer insulation conditions and detecting abnormal signals.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
17 views5 pages

An Analysisand Locationof Partial Dischargesin Power Transformersby Acoustic Emission Sensor

This conference paper discusses a technique for detecting and locating partial discharges (PD) in power transformers using acoustic emission sensors. The research highlights the effectiveness of the Acoustic Emissions Method for identifying PD, which can prevent transformer damage and facilitate timely maintenance. The findings demonstrate the successful application of sound sensors in monitoring transformer insulation conditions and detecting abnormal signals.

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usha.chandra1988
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© © All Rights Reserved
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An Analysis and Location of Partial Discharges in Power Transformers by


Acoustic Emission Sensor

Conference Paper · July 2019


DOI: 10.1109/ECTI-CON47248.2019.8955212

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Piyapat Poungsri
Pathumwan Institute of Technology
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An Analysis and Location of Partial Discharges in
Power Transformers by Acoustic Emission Sensor

Piyapat Poungsri Chennarong Meesomphong


Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering Engineering
Pathumwan Institute of Technology Pathumwan Institute of Technology
Bangkok, Thailand Bangkok, Thailand
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—This paper presents an analysis a measurement overnight If referenced by IEEE C57.143TM-2012, there are
technique to detection and location of partial discharges (PD) in 2 methods used to test PD as follows: 1) Electrical PD
the insulation of power transformers by using acoustic emission Method 2) Acoustic Emissions Method [3]
sensor. Base on the IEEE Std. C57.127-2007, acoustic emission
sensor were used to locate partial discharges and one high In this research, we would like to mention only the
frequency current transducer (HFCT) was used to identify Acoustic Emissions Method (AE) method which is based on
partial discharge. This technique could correctly detection and Standard IEC62478 [4] and IEEEC57.127 [5] Check for
location the source of partial discharges occurring at any position partial discharging with high voltage equipment which is
in power transformers. The result of the findings enabled us to considered a very effective method. It also explains the use
prevent damage and deploy preventive maintenance measure on of different types of sensors to detect PD, each sensor has the
the transformer in time. features and suitability in each device that needs to be
measured vary as shown in Table 1.
Keywords—acoustic emission sensor; partial discharge; power
transformers
Table 1 Appropriate use of acoustic sensors
I. INTRODUCTION
With each device
In maintenance according to the image in the transformer
one of the important things to follow is Partial discharge: PD Acoustic Emissions
Equipment
The emergence of PD is a sign of deterioration in the Methods
insulation of transformers. The occurrence of PD can be Cables Fair
measured by the effects that PD created, such as Transformer Good
transactional, chemical changes, vibration, sound, light and Gas Insulated Switchgear Fair
heat. [1] Rotating Machine Good

PD is an electrical charge that occurs partially on the


insulation between the two conductors of the electrical
conductor, which does not cause the insulation to break II. PARTIAL DISCHARGE (PD)
completely between the 2 conductors such as the insulation
that separates the two conductors in the transformer In the Partial discharge (PD) is the discharge of small electricity
transformer, PD can be formed in the solid insulation gap. inside the insulated or externally insulated material in areas
Insulating paper in transformers, polymers along the where the electric field is higher than the critical value.
connection of insulating layers One of the reasons that Which is an incomplete discharge Will spark the connection
causes PD is that the insulation in electrical equipment has between the electrode in the PD insulation can be formed in
an incomplete connection to its material. The formation of the solid, liquid and gas materials by destroying the
PD can occur at high voltage devices. Such as transformers insulation of the material Partial charge formation within the
with a very long service life, the insulation condition of the insulating material is the result of the charge flowing through
electrical equipment begins to deteriorate Electrical stress or small spaces in the insulating material such as air cavities or
the installation of electrical equipment that is not suitable for
contaminants, etc. The partial discharge is divided into 3
use which will affect the power quality although high voltage
main types: 1. Corona Discharge 2. Surface Discharge and
electrical equipment will operate in normal conditions. [2]
3. Internal Discharge [6] as shown in Figure 1
The problems caused by PD are different. Some problems
caused by PD may take longer to damage the transformer.
But some problems result in the transformer being damaged
Figure 1 Type of partial discharge

By charging some parts each time Have energy to transfer


to the insulation surface in the form of collisions Causing the Figure 3 Partial discharging within the transformer
heat to rise only at the point that causes Waste insulation And
the fault has increased, expanding And may lead to complete
breakdowns resulting in The insulation is damaged and the life Restricting to find the point where the partial discharge
of the insulator is reduced, in which the partial discharge will occurs, will use the basis of a sound detection called Uniform
give a signal that is In various forms such as light, sound, Linear Array (ULA) which will keep the sound sensor parallel
radiation, chemical reactions, radio frequency And electrical to the same line. To see the two sensors that are in line And
effects, etc. the sound waves that occur Based on the time of the difference
Some charging will damage the insulation because these in the impact of the sound signal caused by partial discharging
small gaps will withstand less voltage than the insulation to each angle sensor Can set the angle ФULA between the
around it. The damage will continue to grow until the normal vector of the sensor level And the direction of the
breakdown causes damage to the equipment and is harmful to wave propagation is calculated with the parameters as shown
the operator. As shown in Figure 2 in Figure 4

Figure 2 Damage of high voltage equipment from partial


charging
Figure 4 Two sensors measuring the time of flight
differences of the same incident wave front
III. ACOUSTIC EMISSION SENSOR (AE)
The principle of detecting partial displacement signals with
sound is based on the principle of detecting pressure wave ФULA = arc sin (∆t × Voil / d) (1)
signals generated by corona or cavity discharges. Air inside the
insulation of electrical equipment In each discharge There will
be a small explosion around the point of partial discharging and when
encourage the creation of mechanical waves and spread out
through the insulation and obstructions within the device. The voil speed of acoustic wave in oil
speed of sound waves depends on the medium through which
t time of flight difference
the sound passes. The measurement using the sound sensor will
have a relatively low noise because the electrical noise cannot d distance of sensors.
interfere with the audio signal. [7] As shown in Figure 3
Using the sound sensor can also detect abnormal vibrations
of the device. Which may be caused by parts of the measuring
device being loose or may be caused by foreign objects falling
inside the measuring device
The principle of applying sound sensors is to find the
location of some discharges in the device using multiple
sensors. Installed on the measuring device Which is the best
way to find the position compared to other types of sensors
Installing the sound sensor as shown in Figure 4 [5], [8]

Figure 5 Position of installing sound sensor with


transformer

From installing sound sensors and detecting sounds Signal,


discharge, current sensor After finding the location of the
discharge, it was found that the charge location occurred at
phase B of the primary transformer of the transformer. Which
can be detected from all 4 sound sensors and the signal from
the current sensor indicates the signal of The discharging
within the transformer is at a major level.
After conducting measurements Some online chargers are
Figure 5 Installing sensors with transformers inspected and maintained by the transformer because the
signal is received. There is a danger that the risk of damage to
IV. CASE STUDY the transformer is high. If continued to continue After opening
In this case study, the partial discharging of the the lid The cover of the transformer has been inspected
transformer with a 1000 kVA voltage transformer is measured visually (Visual inspection) which is specific to Phase B of the
at 22kV / 400V. In the measurement, the sound sensor is primary side of the transformer Discharging according to the
installed on all 4 sides of the transformer and the current insulation surface of the transformer And has made
sensor is installed at the ground of the transformer as shown in corrections Therefore will see that The discharge measurement
the figure.6 is useful. This makes it possible to detect irregularities and
make corrections in a timely manner before the damage in the
electrical system
CONCLUDTION
The use of partial discharge measurement techniques
and the assessment of insulation conditions in high voltage
devices using sound sensors To measure partial discharge in
the transformer With the sound sensor that can find the location
of some discharges Or signal that has an abnormality within the
transformer Such as loose or arc inside the device The current
sensor is used to analyze the pattern and severity of the partial
discharge. And can also be used to find the signal of
discharging or signals that are abnormal within the system,
such as arc signals
Therefore the measurement Some online discharges are
considered to be true predictive maintenance, which can detect
errors in electrical equipment. High strength before being
damaged, may be invaluable and will be able to provide [3] “High-Voltage Test Technique Measurement of Partial Discharges by
guidelines for corrective planning. Problems more accurately Electro- magnetic and Acoustic Methods,” IEC 62478.
and more efficiently [4] “IEEE Guide for the Detection and location of acoustic Emissions
from Partial Discharges in Oil- Immersed Power Transformers and
Reactors,” IEEE Std C57.127 2007 (Revision of IEEE Std C57.127-
2000).
REFERENCES [5] H. Ogihara, “Detection and location of coronas in oil-immersed
transformer with corona detector,” Electr. Eng. Jpn., vol. 84, pp. 12-22,
1964.
[1] Urairat Fuangsoongnern, Winai Plueksawan, Promsak Apiratikul, [6] IEEE Guide for Partial Discharge – Part XIV: Acoustic Partial
“Partial Discharge Analysis for Power Distribution Transformer Discharge Detection – Partial Application, IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag.,
Model,” The Proceeding of 46th Kasetsart University Annual vol. 8, no.1, pp. 34-43, Jan./Feb. 1992.
Conference, pp. 72-80, 29 January – 1 February, 2008.
[7] H. Ogihara, “Detection and location of coronas in oil-immersed
[2] “IEEE Guide for Application for Monitoring Equipment to Liquid- transformer with corona detector,” Electr. Eng. Jpn., vol. 84, pp. 12-22,
Immersed Transformers and Components,” IEEE Std C57.143™-2012. 1964..

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