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Chemistry Lab Report – Acid-Base Titration

The lab report details an experiment to determine the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar using a titration method with sodium hydroxide. The average volume of NaOH used was 24.55 mL, leading to a calculated acetic acid concentration of approximately 0.098 M. The results were consistent with expected vinegar concentrations, and suggestions for improving accuracy in future experiments were provided.

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28 views

Chemistry Lab Report – Acid-Base Titration

The lab report details an experiment to determine the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar using a titration method with sodium hydroxide. The average volume of NaOH used was 24.55 mL, leading to a calculated acetic acid concentration of approximately 0.098 M. The results were consistent with expected vinegar concentrations, and suggestions for improving accuracy in future experiments were provided.

Uploaded by

aishwaryavinodh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemistry Lab Report – Acid-Base Titration

Title: Determining the Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar Using Titration

Objective:

To determine the concentration of acetic acid in a sample of vinegar using a base


(sodium hydroxide, NaOH) of known concentration through titration.

Hypothesis:

If a standard solution of sodium hydroxide is used to titrate acetic acid in vinegar, then
the concentration of acetic acid can be calculated from the volume of sodium hydroxide
used to reach the equivalence point.

Materials:

●​ Vinegar sample (unknown concentration of acetic acid)


●​ Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (0.1 M)
●​ Phenolphthalein indicator
●​ Burette
●​ Pipette
●​ Conical flask
●​ White tile (for better visibility of the color change)
●​ Distilled water

Procedure:

1.​ Preparation of the Burette: Fill the burette with the sodium hydroxide solution and
record the initial volume.
2.​ Pipetting the Vinegar: Pipette 25.00 mL of vinegar into a clean conical flask. Add
2-3 drops of phenolphthalein to the flask (this will act as the pH indicator).
3.​ Titration: Position the conical flask on a white tile for better visibility. Begin slowly
adding the sodium hydroxide solution from the burette into the vinegar while
swirling the conical flask. Continue adding the sodium hydroxide until a faint pink
color persists in the solution for at least 30 seconds.
4.​ Record the Final Volume: Note the final volume of sodium hydroxide used. The
difference between the final and initial volume gives the volume of sodium
hydroxide used in the titration.
5.​ Repeat: Perform at least three trials and calculate an average volume of sodium
hydroxide used to reach the endpoint.

Data:
Initial Final Volume of NaOH
Volume (mL) Volume Used (mL)
(mL)

0.00 24.50 24.50

0.00 24.60 24.60

0.00 24.55 24.55

Average Volume of NaOH Used: 24.55 mL

Calculations:

To calculate the concentration of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) in the vinegar, we use the
following formula:

M1V1=M2V2M_1V_1 = M_2V_2M1​V1​=M2​V2​

Where:

●​ M1M_1M1​= concentration of NaOH (0.1 M)


●​ V1V_1V1​= volume of NaOH used (24.55 mL = 0.02455 L)
●​ M2M_2M2​= concentration of acetic acid (unknown)
●​ V2V_2V2​= volume of vinegar used (25.00 mL = 0.025 L)

Rearranging the formula to solve for M2M_2M2​:

M2=M1V1V2M_2 = \frac{M_1V_1}{V_2}M2​=V2​M1​V1​​

Substitute the known values:

M2=(0.1 M)(0.02455 L)0.025 L=0.0982 MM_2 = \frac{(0.1 \, \text{M})(0.02455 \,


\text{L})}{0.025 \, \text{L}} = 0.0982 \, \text{M}M2​=0.025L(0.1M)(0.02455L)​=0.0982M

The concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar is approximately 0.098 M.

Analysis:
The titration was successful, and the average volume of sodium hydroxide used was
consistent across trials. The calculated concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar
sample was 0.098 M, which is within the expected range for typical vinegar
concentrations. Possible sources of error could include improper mixing of the solution
or inaccuracies in the burette readings.

Conclusion:

The experiment confirms that acetic acid is present in vinegar at a concentration of


approximately 0.098 M. The titration method proved effective for determining the
concentration, and the results align with known values for vinegar. Future experiments
could improve accuracy by using a more precise pipette and burette technique.

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