Outline

Data structure and

Programming II ▪ What is File IO? File extensions?

▪ File Operations
▪ Read data from file
File IO (Input/Output) in C++ ▪ Write data to file

Attendance on Moodle ▪ Examples

Program
“File IO refers to the transfer of data
1 either to or from a storage medium.” 2

File IO File IO
❑ What? ❑ What?
▪ “File IO refers to the transfer of data either to or from a storage ▪ iostream library provides cin and cout methods for reading from keyboard
medium.”
and writing/displaying on screen Data txt
write
▪ fstream library is used for writing and reading file
▪ ofstream : only for wring data to file

▪ ifstream : only for reading data from file

Program
▪ fstream : can write/read data to/from file

#include <iostream>
read #include <fstream>
3 4
 File IO File IO
❑ Opening a file ❑ Closing a file
open(filename)
▪ To read or write file, we have to open a file first. ▪ We should close file before terminate the program file.close( );
▪ We can use either ofstream or fstream open(filename, mode)

fstream file;
Mode Description ofstream file; file.open(“filename.dat”, ios::out)
ios::app Append mode. Data is added more file.open(“filename.dat”) …………………..
ios::in Open file for reading. //read/write code here
ios::out Open file for writing. …………………..
fstream file;
If file does not exist, create a new file.
If file exists, content is overridden file.open(“filename.dat”, ios::out)
file.close( );
fstream file;
file.open(“filename.dat”, ios::in)
5 6

File IO
❑ Writing data to a file
▪ We can use ofstream or fstream ofstream file;
for creating file variable file.open(“MyFile.dat”);
▪ Then use << to write data
▪ file<<data1<<data2<<endl;
Write data to file
fstream file;
file.open(“MyFile.data”, ios::out);
Functions for write data to file
Function Description fstream file;
file<<word; Write one data in word to file string filename=“MyFile.dat”;
file<<word1<<“\t” Write two data (word1 and word2) //file.open(filename, ios::out); //error
<<word2; separated by a tab to file
file.open(filename.c_str( ), ios::out);
Remark: You can write data to file just similar way you
display data using cout 7 8
 Read data from file Write data from user input to file

9 10

File IO Reading from a file: One word at a time #include <fstream>

#include <fstream> #include <iostream>
❑ Reading from a file ❑ Example
#include <iostream> using namespace std;
using namespace std;
int main () {
▪ We can use ifstream or fstream ifstream file; int main () { string data;
for creating file variable file.open(“filename.dat”); string data;
// open a file in read mode.
// open a file in read mode. fstream file;
▪ Then use >> to read data ifstream file; file.open("filename.txt", ios::in);
fstream file; file.open("filename.txt");
if(!file){
file.open(“filename.dat”, ios::in); if(!file){ cout<<"Error opening file OR file does not
Functions for reading data from file cout<<"Error opening file OR file does not exist"<<endl; exist"<<endl;
Mode Description }else{ }else{
cout << "Reading from the file" << endl; cout << "Reading from the file" << endl;
file>>word Read data from file one word at a time file >> data; file >> data;
file.eof( ) Return true when reach end of file (data has cout << data << endl; cout << data << endl;
been read till the end). Otherwise, return file >> data; file >> data;
false cout << data << endl; cout << data << endl;

file.get(ch) Read data from file one character at a time. file.close(); file.close();
getline(file, line) Read data from file one line at a time. Return } }
false when no data to read 11 } } 12
 StudentList.txt
ID Name Age File IO
B101 Sok 17
B102
B109
Sao
Dara
20
18
❑ Examples
B110 Seyha 22
▪ Read and write data from/to file

Read all data from file

13 14

Read CSV data

Q&A Mydata.csv

A C++ program to read file CSV data

15 using getline and stringstream 16
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