MIL REVIEWER understanding of the importance of media and other information

providers to:
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 1. Evaluate and analyze the information from any media sources
before deciding.
THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF MEDIA LITERACY, 2. Check the source of the information and discern the truth from
INFORMATION LITERACY, AND TECHNOLOGY LITERACY. lies; and
➢​ According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural 3. Join group and become an active participant in producing and
Organization (UNESCO), media and information literacy (MIL) sharing useful
recognizes the primary role of information and media in people’s media messages and information.
everyday lives. The term is a product of two previously separate Overall, learning MIL will help every person become a critical thinker,
fields media and information. a producer of
MEDIA information, and an innovator of media and information.
➢​ Is defined as the physical objects used to communicate with, or the
mass communication through physical objects such as radio, COMMUNICATION
television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to any physical object ➢​ The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to
used to communicate messages express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts,
LITERACY feelings, etc., to someone else. ( merriam webster)
➢​ Is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create,communicate ➢​ The exchange of information and the expression of feeling that can
and compute,-using printed and written materials associated with result in understanding.(cambridge
varying contexts.
MEDIA LITERACY TWO BASIC TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
➢​ Is defined as the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create ➢​ VERBAL ( need examples)
media in a variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing ➢​ NON-VERBAL (signs, symbols, colors, gestures, body language,
them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to facial expressions)
engage with traditional media and new technologies.
➢​ The ability to read, analyze, evaluate and produce communication in PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
a variety of media forms
➢​ Focus:Critical analysis how media message created TRANSMISSION MODEL
(Print,Broadcast, Digital)
➢​ Goals:Understand how media messages created, constructed,
deconstructing messages Lasswell’s Communication Model (1948)
INFORMATION
➢​ Is a broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from
study, experience, instruction, signals or symbols.

INFORMATION LITERACY
➢​ The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate,
evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various
formats.
➢​ Focus: Evaluate & use media message from information sources.
➢​ Goal: ethical & effective way of communication
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY (MIL) Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model (1948)
➢​ Therefore is the essential skills and competencies that allow
individuals to engage with media and other information providers
effectively, as well as develop critical thinking and life-long learning
skills to socialize and become active citizens.
TECHNOLOGY
-​ Set of skills, knowledge, experience, & technique through human
change transform and use our environment in order to create
machine, tools, products, and services. Meet our needs & desires
TECHNOLOGY LITERACY
➢​ Literacy is defined as the ability of an individual, either working
independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and
effectively use technological tools. Using these tools an individual
can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate
information
➢​ The ability to use digital technology, communicate tools or networks
to locate, evaluate, use, and create information. Osgoods-Schramm Model of Communication (1954)
➢​ Focus: Utilize the use of technology not limited to devices & gadgets.
➢​ Goals: Adapting new technology & innovation.
WHAT IS MIL?
➢​ MIL (media Information Literacy) consists of the knowledge, the
attitudes, and the sum of the skills needed to know when and what
information is needed; where and how to obtain that information, how
to evaluate it critically and organize it once it is found, and how to
use it in an ethical way.
➢​ Refers to the essential competences (knowledge, skills, and attitude)
that allow citizens to engage with media and other information
providers effectively and develop critical thinking and life-long
learning skills for socializing and becoming active citizens.

IDENTIFIES CHARACTERISTICS/DESCRIBES A RESPONSIBLE USES

AND COMPETENT PRODUCERS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION.
➢​ One primary purpose of Media and Information Literacy (MIL) is to
promote freedom of access to information. However, not all
information is true or reliable. MIL promotes critical thinking to
empower citizens to process the information they receive, the
approach it was disseminated, and the intention for which it was
shared. In general, it is concerned with giving people an
 CAVE PAINTINGS
Westley and Mclean’s Model of Communication (1957)
➢​ These are painted drawings on cave walls or ceiling, mainly of
prehistoric origin.
CLAY TABLETS
➢​ Were used as a writing medium, especially for writing in cuneiform,
throughout the Bronze Age and well into the Iron Age.
PAPYRUS IN EGYPT (2500S)
➢​ The papyrus produced in Egypt was used for many purposes, but
none more important than its function as a writing material.
ACTA DIURNA IN ROME (130 BC )
➢​ Acta Diurna were daily Roman official notices, a sort of daily gazette.
CODEX IN THE MAYAN REGION (5TH CENTURY)
➢​ Maya codices mostly contain information about Maya astronomy,
astrology, religion, rituals, and Gods.
Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication (1960)
PRINTING PRESS USING WOOD BLOCK (220 AD)
➢​ Woodblock printing (or block printing) is a technique for printing text,
images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating
in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later
paper.
INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700S - 1830s)
➢​ People used the power of steam, developed machine tools,
established iron production, and the manufacturing of various
products.
PRINTING PRESS FOR MASS PRODUCTION
➢​ A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to
an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such
MARSHALL MCLUHAN’S STAGES OF MEDIA as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink.
➢​ Tribal age
➢​ The steam-powered rotary printing press, invented in 1843 in the
➢​ Age of Literacy
United States by Richard M. Hoe
➢​ Industrial
➢​ Electronig age TYPEWRITER (1800s)
➢​ Information age
➢​ A typewriter is a machine with keys which are pressed in order
CONTROLLED MEDIA (MARTIAL LAW) to print letters, numbers, or other characters onto paper.
➢​ Pre colonial (dahon)
TELEGRAPH (1840s)
➢​ Spanis (paper link)
➢​ America (radio) ➢​ Telegraph, any device or system that allows the transmission of
➢​ Japan (tv) information by coded signal over distance.

BENJIE TAN (PLDT) ➢​ The word telegraph is derived from the Greek words tele, meaning
➢​ First person to ever invest internet provider here in the philippines “distant,” and graphein, meaning “to write.”
➢​ Dial up (type of internet) TELEPHONE (1876)
➢​ A telecommunications device that permits two or more users to
THE EVOLUTION OF MEDIA conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be easily
heard directly. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be
MEDIA granted a United States patent for a device that produced clearly
intelligible replication of
➢​ Media is designed to reach the mass audience or the majority of the ➢​ the human voice at a second device.
public, hence the term mass media. MOTION PICTURE (1890)
EVOLUTION OF MEDIA ➢​ Motion picture, or movie, Series of still photographs on film,
➢​ MEDIA and its impact have been around as far back as humans projected in rapid succession onto a screen.
began to interact with different persons and tribes integrating ➢​ The principal inventors of motion-picture machines were Thomas
countries and creating different methods to communicate, express Alva Edison
one's thought and past knowledge and information SOUND FILMS
➢​ Prehistoric Era (before 1700s)
➢​ Industrial Age (1700s - 1930s) ➢​ A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound
➢​ Electronic Age (1930s - 1980s) technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film.
➢​ Information Age (1980s - 2000s)

PREHISTORIC ARE AS THE EARLIEST FORM OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA

PETROGLYPHS
ELECTRONIC AGE
➢​ Can be carvings or engravings in rocks or caves
PICTOGRAPHS
➢​ represents words or phrases through symbols. Used to refer to
sketches or paintings that usually depict nature, early people's way
of life.
 WALKMAN (1980)
ELECTRONIC AGE (1930s - 1980s)
➢​ The Walkman was the original portable music device that allowed
people to take their entertainment with them on the go
INFORMATION AGE ( 1980 - 2000s)
➢​ The Information Age (also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age,
Silicon Age, or New Media Age) is a historical period that began in
the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from
traditional industries, as established during the Industrial Revolution,
to an economy centered on information technology.
WEB BROWSER
➢​ The NCSA Mosaic Internet Web Browser was the first browser to
➢​ The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People allow users to view images directly in the browser session, where
harnessed the power of transistors. other browsers at the time required users to download images as
COMMERCIAL TELEVISION ( early to mid 1940s) separate files.

➢​ Television (TV), the electronic delivery of moving images and sound ➢​ Microsoft Internet Explorer 1.0 officially released for the public on
from a source to a receiver. August 16, 1995.

➢​ The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of television BLOGS
transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, ❖​ BLOGGER
entertainment, news, and sports. ➢​ to write blogs with time stamped entries - august 23, 1999
ENIGMA ❖​ LIVE JOURNAL
➢​ The Enigma machine is a piece of spook hardware invented by a ➢​ russian owned can keep blog, journal, or diary - april 15,
German and used by Britain's codebreakers as a way of deciphering 1999
German signals traffic during World War Two. ❖​ OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
TRANSISTOR RADIO (1950s) ➢​ can create beautiful websites, blog or apps - May 27,
2003
➢​ A transistor radio is a small portable radio receiver that
uses transistor-based circuitry. Following the invention of the SOCIAL NETWORKS
transistor in 1947 ❖​ FRIENDSTER
OHP - PROJECTOR (1950) ➢​ founded by Jonathan Abrams and launched in march 2003
later became a social gaming site based in kuala lumpur,
➢​ An overhead projector is a very basic but reliable tool used to display malaysia
images onto a screen or wall. like a film or slide projector, uses light ❖​ MULTIPLY
to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a ➢​ allowing users to share media - such as photos, video and
small document or picture to be shared with a large audience. blog entries - launch in march 2004
❖​ FACEBOOK
LARGE ELECTRONIC COMPUTER ( late 1940s and early 1950s) ➢​ make it easy for you to connect and shared with friends
❖​ The Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) - and family online - created in 2004 by mark zuckerberg
➢​ The EDSAC is a large-scale electronic calculating machine MICRO BLOGS
in which ultrasonic delay units are used for storage of
orders and numbers. ❖​ TWITTER
➢​ online microblogging no more than 280 character called
❖​ ENIAC tweets - founded in 2004 by Evan Williams
➢​ was the first programmable, electronic, ❖​ TUMBLR
general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. was ➢​ allows user to publish a “tumbleblog” or a short blog
the world's first general-purpose computer. ENIAC was founded by Davud Karp in 2007
designed and built for the United States Army to calculate
artillery firing tables. VIDEO
❖​ UNIVAC ❖​ YOUTUBE
➢​ was, effectively, an updated version of ENIAC. Data could ➢​ global online sharing - launch on february 14, 2005 by
be input using magnetic computer tape (and, by the early steve chen, chad hurley, and jawed karim
1950's, punch cards).
AUGMENTED REALITY/ VIRTUAL REALITY
IBM 704 (1960)
➢​ AR uses a real-world setting while VR is completely virtual. AR users
❖​ The IBM 704 is a large digital mainframe computer introduced can control their presence in the real world; VR users are controlled
by IBM in 1954. It was the first mass-produced computer with by the system.
hardware for floating-point arithmetic
HEWLETT - PACKARD 9100A (1968)
➢​ The 9100A was the world’s first commercially available
programmable desktop calculator and the first commercial scientific
calculator
FLOPPY DISK (1970)
➢​ Floppy disks are small, removable, media storage devices. They
record data onto a thin, circular magnetic film encased in a flat,
square plastic jacket.
APPLE 1 (1976)
VIDEO CHAT
➢​ In 1975, Steve Wozniak designed the Apple I as his personal
computer to use the ARPANET and play games ❖​ SKYPE
➢​ best known for VolP- based video telephony,
videoconferencing and voice calls
 ❖​ GOOGLE HANGOUT
➢​ was a cross- platform instant messaging developed by
google becoming a standalone product in 2013
SEARCH ENGINES
❖​ GOOGLE SEARCH ENGINE
➢​ is a web-based tool that searches the internet and
indexes websites to display relevant results in response to
a user's query. 1995 (first prototype) 1997 (final launch)
❖​ YAHOO
➢​ is a web services provider that offers both a search engine
and a directory of World Wide Web pages. Officially AMERICAN PERIOD
launched in 1995. ➢​ The americans made a deal with spaniards to have the ph for
PORTABLE COMPUTERS themselves (sold or bought)

❖​ A NETBOOK
➢​ is a type of laptop that is slimmer, lighter, and offers a
more simplified set of tools. (2008) AMERICAN PUBLISHED NEWSPAPERS
❖​ LAPTOP ➢​ The Manila Times (1898), The Bounding Billow and Official Gazette
➢​ is a personal computer that can be easily moved and used (1898), Manila Daily Bulletin (1900) and the Philippine Free Press
in a variety of locations. (1980) (1908)
❖​ A TABLET ➢​ The Philippine Herald
➢​ is a wireless, portable personal computer with a BROADCAST RADIO
touchscreen interface. (1993) ❖​ KZKZ
➢​ The first radio station in the country established in
SMART PHONE & WEARABLE DEVICES 1922/1924
❖​ KZRC
❖​ SMART PHONE ➢​ The first provincial radio station outside Manila 1930 -
➢​ is a portable computer device that combines mobile 1950 : Is the golden age of philippine cinema
telephone functions and computing functions into one unit. ❖​ Francisco “KOKO” Trinidad
❖​ HEADSET ➢​ Father of radio
➢​ provides a two-way connection to the user's cellphone via KOMIKS
Bluetooth. ❖​ Kenkoy
❖​ SMARTWATCH ➢​ 1st comic ever made in the ph
➢​ is a wearable computer in the form of a watch; modern ❖​ Antonio Velasquez
smartwatches provide a local touchscreen interface for ➢​ Father of tagalog komiks
daily use JAPANESE PERIOD
CLOUD AND BIG DATA ➢​ ADD KAYO
MARTIAL LAW PERIOD
❖​ CLOUD COMPUTING ➢​ Era of guided media : Freedom of Expression, of speech and of the
➢​ works by enabling client devices to access data and cloud press were reinstated
applications over the internet from remote physical ➢​ September 21, 1972 : Martial law was implemented
servers, databases and computers. ➢​ Film industry : Bomba films were allowed to play among cinemas(to
divert attention of the people)
➢​ Freedom of Speech was oppressed
DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIA FOR COMMUNICATION IN THE PHILIPPINES POST MARTIAL LAW
➢​ Internet was made available in the Philippines on March 29, 1994
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD through a connection made by Benjie Tan and PLDT (dial up)
➢​ Apo lakay
❖​ UMALOHOKAN
➢​ Barangay has umalohokan or town crier served as walking TYPES OF MEDIA
bulletin to deliver public announcement
❖​ FORM OF WRITING PRINT MEDIA
➢​ Baybayin and Kavi
❖​ Kulitan (pampanga) ​ -​ consists of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is
❖​ FORMS OF LITERATURE traditionally mechanical.
➢​ Different forms of literature were recorded such as: sabi
(maxim), bugtong (riddle), kumintang (war song), ❖​ Newspaper
darangan (epic poetry) and tultul (folk tale). ➢​ The first Philippine newspaper was established in 1811,
SPANISH PERIOD (1593) making it the oldest form of media in the country.
➢​ March 16, 1521 (discovery of the ph) Newspapers in the Philippines are normally divided into
➢​ Aviso al publico (1809) various segments such as current events, sports,
entertainment, food, politics, editorial pieces, finances,
➢​ The Filipino natives were introduced to print media using paper and
fashion, and advertisements
ink.
❖​ Magazines
➢​ Doctrina Christiana
➢​ DEL SUPERIOR GOBIERNO ➢​ Magazines provide us with detailed and well-written
➢​ La Esperenza articles on various topics such as food, fashion, lifestyle,
➢​ Diario de Manila sports, finance, and so on and most of them are published
➢​ La Independencia monthly.
➢​ La solidaridad
➢​ Kalayaan ❖​ Direct mail
➢​ 1897 : Cinema came to the Philippines ➢​ marketing may sound outdated or passé in this digital age,
➢​ Antonio Ramos : The first motion picture producer in the country. but it’s still the preferred form of print media by big
companies. Direct mail, whether they’re newsletters or
brochures, gives a deeper footprint in the brain.
❖​ Outdoor Advertisement
➢​ Outdoor advertising usually comes in two print media
forms: billboards and transit posters.
 ❖​ Books WHAT IS MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCE?
➢​ Books are the oldest form of print media, providing writers
with an opportunity to spread their knowledge about a ➢​ Any resource that serves as a means of communicating to a
particular subject or tell fictional stories to help pass the general, public audience. These sources are important because the
time. medium in which we receive a message shapes the message.
❖​ Yellow pages ●​ Library
➢​ Aside from phone numbers and addresses, the Yellow ●​ Indigenous Knowledge
Pages contained ads that were used to target a specific ●​ Internet
community or geographic area. ●​ Other Sources

BROADCAST MEDIA Library

➢​ media such as radio and television that reach target audiences using ➢​ a place in which literary, musical, artistic or reference materials are
airwaves as the transmission medium. As described by Robles and kept for use but not for sale
Tuazon (2014), broadcasting is a form of mass communication that
Academic Library
utilizes radio and television to transmit messages and programs via
airspace”.\
➢​ serves colleges and universities
2 COMMON TYPES OF 2 COMMON TYPES OF BROADCAST MEDIA Public Library
1.​ Television
➢​ serves cities and towns of all types.
➢​ Television is a system for transmitting visual images and
sound that are reproduced on screens, chiefly used to School Library
broadcast programs for entertainment, information, and
➢​ serves students from kindergarten to grade 12
education.
2.​ Radio Special Libary
➢​ Radio is sound communication by radio waves, usually ➢​ socialized environments, hospitals, corporations, museum, by
through the transmission of music, news, and other types military private business and the government.
of programs from single broadcast stations to multitudes of
individual listeners equipped with radio receivers. Indigenous Knowledge

NEW MEDIA ➢​ knowledge that is unique to a specific culture or society; most often it
is not written down
➢​ This term “new media" refers to digital media that are interactive,
incorporating two-way communication, and involving a form of Internet
computing (Logan, 2010). Content organized and distributed on
digital platforms. ➢​ an electronic communications network that connects computer
networks and organizational computer facilities around the world.
➢​ Websites, blogs, email, social media platforms, video sharing
platforms, online newspapers, online forums, wikis, virtual reality, ➢​ Note: Information found on the Internet may be quite varied in form
podcasts, vlogs, webinars and content. Thus, it is more difficult to determine its reliability and
accuracy.
❖​ MEDIA CONVERGENCE
EVALUATING INFORMATION
➢​ Media Convergence happens when different (two or
more) media sources join together. It allows media
❖​ Fake news
texts to be produced and distributed on multiple media
➢​ is defined by the Collins English Dictionary Online as
devices.
“false, often sensational, information disseminated under
the guise of news reporting”.\
MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES
(APAC)
Authorship
RAVAT
➢​ is perhaps the major criterion used in evaluating information. Who
❖​ Reliability of Information
wrote this? When we look for information with some type of critical
➢​ Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and value, we want to know the basis of the authority with which the
evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source author speaks.
in evaluating the reliability of information. Publishing Body
❖​ Accuracy of Information ➢​ also helps evaluate any kind of document you may be reading. In the
print universe, this generally means that the author's manuscript has
➢​ Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in undergone screening in order to verify that it meets the standards or
making or improving decisions. aims of the organization that serves as publisher. This may include
❖​ Value of Information peer review.

➢​ Information is said to be of value iit aids the user in making Accuracy and Verifiability
or improving decisions. ➢​ is an important part of the evaluation process, especially when you
❖​ Authority to the Source are reading the work of an unfamiliar author presented by an
unfamiliar organization or presented in a non-traditional way.
➢​ Much of the information we gather daily do not come from
Currency
a primary source but are passed on through secondary
➢​ refers to the timeliness of information. In printed documents, the date
sources such as writers, reporters, and the like. Sources
of publication is the first indicator of currency.
with an established expertise on the subject matter are
considered as having sound authority on the subject.
UNLOCKING OF KEYWORDS
❖​ Timeliness

➢​ Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary Language

based on the time it was produced or acquired. While a -​ pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and
piece of information may have been found accurate, conventions that media and information professionals may select
reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced, it and use in an effort to communicate ideas, information and
may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of knowledge.
time (thus making it less valuable). Media Languages
➢​ codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structures that
indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience.
 ➢​ pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and from roughly mid-thighs up. It’s called a “cowboy shot” because it is
conventions that media and information professionals may select used in Westerns to frame a gunslinger’s gun or holster on his hip.
and use in an effort to communicate ideas, information and MEDIUM SHOT (MS)
knowledge. ➢​ The medium shot is one of the most common camera shots. It's
Media Codes similar to the cowboy shot above, but frames from roughly the waist
-​ refer to the systems of signs, symbols, sounds, and visual up and through the torso. So it emphasizes more of your subject
representations used by the media to convey messages and while keeping their surroundings visible.
meaning. These codes are utilized to communicate ideas, emotions, MEDIUM CLOSE UP SHOT (MCU)
and information to the audience. ➢​ The medium close-up frames your subject from roughly the chest up.
CODES So it typically favors the face, but still keeps the subject somewhat
➢​ are systems of signs that when put together create meaning distant.
Semiotics – study of signs CLOSE UP SHOT (CU)
Types of Codes: ➢​ The close-up camera shot fills your frame with a part of your subject.
1.​ SYMBOLIC CODES, If your subject is a person, it is often their face.
➢​ show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT (ECU)
setting, body language, clothing, color, etc. ) or iconic ➢​ An extreme close-up is the most you can fill a frame with your
symbols that are easily understood subject. It often shows eyes, mouth and gun triggers. In extreme
close-up shots, smaller objects get great detail and are the focal
2.​ WRITTEN CODES point.
➢​ use of language style and textual layout (headlines, CAMERA ANGLE
captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc. ) ➢​ The camera angle marks the specific location at which the movie
3.​ TECHNICAL CODES camera or video camera is placed to take a shot. A scene may be
➢​ Are ways in which equipment is used to tell the story – shot from several camera angles simultaneously. This will give a
This includes sound, camera angles, types of shots and different experience and sometimes emotion.
lighting as well as camera techniques, framing, depth of EYE SHOT LEVEL
field, lighting, exposure and juxtaposition. ➢​ is when your subject is at eye-level. An eye level shot can result in a
Mise En Scene neutral perspective (not superior or inferior). This mimics how we see
➢​ originally a french theatre term that translates roughly to 'everything people in real life — our eye line connecting with theirs, and it can
within the frame'. In media terms it has become to mean the break down boundaries
description of all the objects with a frame of the media product and LOW ANGLE LEVEL
how they have been arranged. ➢​ A low angle shot frames the subject from below their eyeline. These
Convention camera shots most often emphasize power dynamics between
➢​ are the generally accepted ways of doing something. There are characters
general conventions in any medium, such as the use of interviewee HIGH ANGLE LEVEL
quotes in a print article, but conventions are also genre specific. ➢​ In a high angle shot, the camera points down at your subject. It
GENRE usually creates a feeling of inferiority, or “looking down” on your
➢​ are the generally accepted ways of doing something. There are subject. But, again, with every other camera angle, there are many
general conventions in any medium, such as the use of interviewee applications.
quotes in a print article, but conventions are also genre specific. KNEE LEVEL
Technical Codes ➢​ This is when your camera height is about as low as your subject’s
➢​ are codes that are specific to a media form and do not live outside of knees. They can emphasize a character’s superiority if paired with a
them. For instance, our understanding of different camera shots and low angle
their connotations make sense when we look at films and GROUND LEVEL
photographs but mean nothing to us outside of those forms. ➢​ A ground level shot is when your camera’s height is on ground level
Technical codes in media include Camerawork, Editing, Audio and with your subject.
Lighting. SHOULDER LEVEL
Camera Shot ➢​ is a camera angle that is as high as your subject’s shoulders.
➢​ is composed of the series of frames that are shot uninterrupted from DUTCH ANGLE OR DUTCH TILT SHOT
the moment the camera starts rolling until it stops. ➢​ the camera is slanted to one side. With the horizon lines tilted in this
way, you can create a sense of disorientation, a de-stabilized mental
EXAMPLE OF CAMERA SHOTS state, or increase the tension.
1.​ Extreme close up OVERHEAD OR BIRD’S EYE VIEW
2.​ Close up ➢​ An overhead shot is from above, looking down on your subject.
3.​ Medium close up These are typically shot from 90 degrees above — anything less
4.​ Medium shot might be considered a high angle shot instead.
5.​ Long shot AERIAL SHOT
6.​ Extreme long shot ➢​ An aerial shot, whether taken from a helicopter or drone, is captured
from way up high. It establishes a large expanse of scenery.
EXTREME CLOSE UP & CLOSE-UP LIGHTING
➢​ Is a more intense version of a close-up shot, sometimes showing ➢​ According to Robert Young lighting is the manipulation of
only the subject's eyes. ➢​ natural or artificial light to selectively highlight specific elements of
➢​ is a photograph or movie shot taken of a subject or object at close the
range intended to show greater detail to the viewer. ➢​ scene( Young, 2017).
EXTREME LONG SHOT (ELS) OR EXTREME WIDE SHOT (EWS) AUDIO
➢​ An extreme long shot (or extreme wide shot) makes your subject ➢​ Audio is the expressive or naturalistic use of sound. It includes
appear small against their location. You can use an extreme long dialogue, sound effects and music. According to Chris
shot to make your subject feel distant or unfamiliar. Constantine(Constantine, 2010) music often defines a scene.
LONG SHOT (LS) OR WIDE SHOT (WS) STEPS IN ADDRESSING INFORMATION NEEDS IN RESEARCH
➢​ The long shot (also known as a wide shot, abbreviated “WS”) is the 1.​ Identify the specific information needed for you research
same idea, but a bit closer. If your subject is a person, then his or her 2.​ Search for relevant sources like(dunno)
whole body will be in view — but not filling the shot. 3.​ Evaluate the credibility and relevance of the gathered information
FULL SHOT (FS) 4.​ Analyze and synthesize the collected information
➢​ A full shot is a type of camera shot that includes the actor's full body
in the frame. Kung red ang hotdog bat di sya pink sa loob?
MEDIUM WIDE SHOT (MWS)
➢​ A medium long shot (aka medium long shot) frames the subject from
roughly the knees up. It splits the difference between a full shot and
a medium shot.
COWBOY SHOT (CS)
➢​ A variation on this is the Cowboy Shot, which frames the subject