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Lecture10-1

The document is a lecture on Finite Length Dipole antennas, covering topics such as small dipoles, radiated fields, power density, radiation resistance, and directivity. It discusses the mathematical formulation of the finite dipole antenna, including the element and space factors, and the implications of non-sinusoidal current distributions. Additionally, it presents problems related to power radiation and density for practical applications of dipole antennas.

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14 views

Lecture10-1

The document is a lecture on Finite Length Dipole antennas, covering topics such as small dipoles, radiated fields, power density, radiation resistance, and directivity. It discusses the mathematical formulation of the finite dipole antenna, including the element and space factors, and the implications of non-sinusoidal current distributions. Additionally, it presents problems related to power radiation and density for practical applications of dipole antennas.

Uploaded by

DANTE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE 222 Antenna Theory and Design

Lecture 10

Finite Length Dipole

Atif Shamim
EE 222 Introduction

§ Small Dipole

§ Finite length Dipole

§ Radiated Fields

§ Power Density and Radiation Resistance

§ Directivity
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Again assuming that R~ r


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Where z has been replaced with


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For θ= π/2, the fourth term in


(4.41) vanishes, thus if we
approximate r with the first two
terms there is a maximum error
given by ignoring the third term
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It has been shown by many examples that


a maximum phase error of π/8 rad (22.5
degrees), is not detrimental in the
analytical formulation
EE 222 Far Field Approximation

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r
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The finite dipole antenna of Figure 4.5 is subdivided into a


number of infinitesimal dipoles of length Δz′ . As the number
of subdivisions is increased, each infinitesimal dipole
approaches a length dz′ . For an infinitesimal dipole of length
dz′ positioned along the z-axis at z′ , the electric and magnetic
field components in the far field are given, using (4-26a) – (4-
26c) (given below for reference). The resultant fields are
given on next slide

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The factor outside the brackets is designated as the element


factor and that within the brackets as the space factor. For this
antenna, the element factor is equal to the field of a unit
length infinitesimal dipole located at a reference point (the
origin). In general, the element factor depends on the type of
current and its direction of flow while the space factor is a
function of the current distribution along the source.
The total field of the antenna is equal to the product of the
element and space factors. This is referred to as pattern
multiplication for continuously distributed sources and it can
be written as (4-59)

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After some extensive


mathematical
manipulations, it can
be shown that (4-67)
reduces to

where C = 0. 5772
(Euler’s constant) and
Ci(x) and Si(x) are
the cosine and sine
integrals (see
Appendix III) of Balanis
book (given in next
slides)
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Using an
alternate method
(shown in
chapter 8), the
imaginary part of
the impedance,
relative to the
current
maximum is
shown here
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In practice this is not the case because the current distribution does not follow an
exact sinusoidal distribution, especially at the feed point. It has, however, very high
values. Two of the primary factors which contribute to the non-sinusoidal current
distribution on an actual wire antenna are the nonzero radius of the wire and finite
gap spacing at the terminals.
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which when integrated


reduces, as a special
case of (4-68), to
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EE 222 Problem

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EE 222 Problems
P1. A λ/2 dipole situated with its center at the origin radiates a time-
averaged power of 600 W at a frequency of 300 MHz. A second λ/2 dipole
is placed with its center at a point P (r, θ, φ), where r = 200 m, θ = 90◦, φ
= 40◦. It is oriented so that its axis is parallel to that of the transmitting
antenna. What is the available power at the terminals of the second
(receiving) dipole?

P2. A half-wave dipole is radiating into free-space. The coordinate system


is defined so that the origin is at the center of the dipole and the z-axis is
aligned with the dipole. Input power to the dipole is 100 W. Assuming an
overall efficiency of 50%, find the power density (in W/m2) at r = 500 m, θ
= 60◦, φ = 0◦.

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EE 222 Solution Problem 1

Pt Pt

(600), Pr

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EE 222 Solution Problem 2

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