VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI-590018

“Tree Plantation Approaches”

SUBMITTED BY
Sanjana U Kundapur 2SR20EE006

Under the Guidance of,

Mr.Shivaraj Angadi
Asst. Prof Dept of EEE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

SRI TARALUBALU JAGADGURU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RANEBENNUR, 581115

2023-2024
 SRI TARALABALU JAGADGURU INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY RANEBENNUR- 581115

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
AICTE ACTIVITY POINT PROGRAMME REPORT

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the “Tree Plantation Approaches” is a Bonafied work carried out by
SANJANA U KUNDAPUR (2SR20EE006) in partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2023-2024.during the year 2023-2024. It is
certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library.

Signature of Guide Signature of Co-Ordinator

Mr.Shivaraj Angadi Dr. Santhosh Raikar M

Signature of HOD
Dr. S.F Kodad
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful to my institution SRI TARALABALU JAGADGURU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

with its very ideals and inspirations for having provided me with the facilities which has made this activity
success.

I like to thank to hereby express my gratitude to our Principal Dr. Shivakumar B, who provided me an
opportunity in fulfilling the most cherished Desire of my goals.

I would also like to thank to Dr. S F Kodad, Head of the Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering for his constant co-operation and support.

I also like to convey my sincere thanks to my Coordinator Dr. Santhosh Raikar MAssistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for their sincere effort in guiding me throughout this
activity.

I also like to convey my sincere thanks to my guide Mr. Shivaraj Angadi Assistant Professor Department
ofElectrical and Electronics Engineering for their sincere effort in guiding me throughout this activity.

At last, but not the least I am also grateful to those who have helped me directly or indirectly with their entire
mite in the successful completion of this activity.

Sanjana U Kundapur
2SR20EE006
 SRI TARALABALU JAGADAGURU INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY RANEBENNUR-581115

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Declaration

I SANJANA U KUNDAPUR (2SR20EE006) the student of 8thsemester Bachelor of

Engineering (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) declares that the AICTE Activity 05
entitled ''Tree Plantation Approaches “is carried out by us at S.T.J.I.T, Ranebennur as partial
fulfilment of academic requirement of BE in Electrical & Electronics Engineering under
V.T.U. University. The content in report is original and free from plagiarism and other
academic dishonest and are not submitted to any other university either partially or wholly for
the award of any other degree.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Tree plantation is the process of transferring of seedlings from one place to another for different
purposes. Furthermore, there are various reasons behind tree plantation but the most important are
forestry, land reclamation, and landscaping. Each process of tree plantation is important and unique in
its own way.The most common and known purpose of tree plantation is forestry. The forest is very
important for maintaining the ecological balance of the environment of the earth. Also, earlier the forest
use to cover a major part of the surface of the earth. But, now due to the rapid cut down of forest due to
industries, and land for settlement the number of forests has reduced.Apart from that, the forest grows
naturally but in order to increase the speed of reforestation, our contribution is a must for it. Also, it will
help the forest to recover from the loss due to deforestation. Furthermore, with our help, the pace of tree
plantation can be increased. Tree planting is the process of transplanting tree seedlings, generally
for forestry, land reclamation, or landscaping purposes. It differs from the transplantation of
larger trees in arboriculture and from the lower-cost but slower and less reliable distribution of
tree seeds. Trees contribute to their environment over long periods of time by providing oxygen,
improving air quality, climate amelioration, conserving water, preserving soil, and supporting
wildlife.

Fig 1.1: Tree Life Cycle

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Fig 1.2: Tree Planting Benefi

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About Tree Plantation Innovation Approaches

Reforestation is a crucial endeavor in India, aimed at combating climate change,

conserving biodiversity, and promoting sustainable development. As a volunteer with Grow
Billion Trees, I have had the opportunity to explore various tree pla nting techniques
employed across the country. In this blog, I will share my experiences and highlight the
strategies used by Grow Billion Trees to accelerate reforestation efforts in India.

1. Direct Seeding: One of the techniques I've witnessed and actively participated in is
direct seeding. This method involves sowing seeds directly into the soil, eliminating
the need for transplanting seedlings. It is an efficient and cost -effective approach,
maximizing the number of trees planted while minimizing resources and time
requirements. Grow Billion Trees carefully selects native tree species that are well-
adapted to local climate and soil conditions for direct seeding, ensuring successful
growth and restoration.
2. Afforestation through Saplings: During my time with Grow Billion Trees, I had the
opportunity to work in their nurseries, where native tree saplings are grown.
Afforestation through saplings is a significant technique employed in India. The
organization sources seeds locally to promote genetic diversity and enhance the
growth of resilient forests. Through meticulous cultivation and care, Grow Billion
Trees ensures that the saplings are healthy and ready for transplantation. The process
involves transplanting these saplings into designated areas, considering factors such
as soil quality, light exposure, and water availability to promote successful
establishment.
3. Agroforestry: Another fascinating technique I experienced with Grow Billion Trees
is agroforestry. This approach integrates trees with agricultural pr actices, offering
multiple benefits. By strategically planting trees alongside crops or within pasture
lands, agroforestry enhances soil fertility, reduces erosion, and promotes biodiversity.
I witnessed how farmers were encouraged and supported to adopt a groforestry
practices, enabling them to diversify their income sources while contributing to
reforestation efforts. The guidance provided by Grow Billion Trees helps farmers
select tree species that are compatible with their agricultural practices and loca l
conditions, ensuring a harmonious blend of agriculture and forestry.

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4. Community Engagement: One of the aspects that impressed me the most about
Grow Billion Trees is their commitment to community engagement. They understand
that long-term reforestation success relies on active community participation.
Through awareness campaigns, training programs, and workshops, the organization
educates and empowers communities about the importance of tree planting and
environmental conservation. By involving communities in the tree planting process,
Grow Billion Trees fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility. I witnessed
firsthand how communities embraced these initiatives, taking pride in nurturing the
newly planted trees and ensuring their long-term survival.

Fig 1.4: Deforestation

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CHAPTER-2

Details Of Activities

As we mentioned the Tree Plantaion Approaches , as it has been taken as as initiative we have
planted a mango sampling.The simple leaves are lanceolate, up to 30 cm (12 inches) long. The
flowers—small, pinkish, and fragrant—are borne in large terminal panicles. The amazing mango tree
(Mangifera Indica) is much more than just a source of mangos. It’s a beautiful, living thing that gives
back so much to the planet and the people who tend it. Where do mango trees grow? The mango tree
growing zone is limited to tropical climates. Extended exposure to temperatures below 30°F can kill
or severely damage a mango tree, as mango tree cold tolerance is low. So, in the U.S. the mango tree
growing zones are the southernmost portions of Florida and California plus Hawaii and Puerto Rico.
Fortunately, while mango tree cold tolerance isn’t one its strong suits, mangos are cultivated in
mango tree growing zones all around the globe and Americans can enjoy the delicious fruit year
‘round.

How fast do mango trees grow and what is the average mango tree height?

A mango tree can grow fairly quickly and quite large, reaching a height of 100 feet or more with a
canopy of 35 feet or more. Of course, mango tree growth rate, mango tree growth stages, and mango
tree height vary based on soil and weather conditions.

The average mango tree height for those in cultivation is generally much shorter as this makes for a
more manageable harvest. But these trees shouldn’t be confused with dwarf mango trees. Dwarf
mango tree varieties have naturally small to medium-size trees.

The large leaves of a mango tree are leathery, 5 to 16 inches in length, and remain on the tree for a
year

or more. Flowers are produced in terminal panicles or clusters 4 to 16 inches long. Each flower is
small with white petals and a mild sweet aroma. The flowers are pollinated by insects and less than 1
percent of the flowers will mature to form fruit. A mango fruit tree in full flower in the optimal
mango tree growing zone is a beautiful sight indeed.

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Fig 2.1: Planting the Mango Plant in our collage

Certain mangos on each tree will receive more sunlight than others, with some fruit staying shaded
within the tree’s canopy. In certain varieties, the mangos that receive the most sunlight will develop a
red blush at the stem end. This red blush is not an indicator of maturity, quality or ripeness.

In terms of mango tree growth stages, it takes approximately four months for the mangos to mature
on the tree before they’re ready for harvest. During that time, the fruit-laden branches of the mango
tree may bow under the weight of the developing mangos. Each fruit is harvested by hand, providing
jobs for local workers and a safe passage to the packinghouse for the mangos.

Another important piece of mango tree information is that its growth causes a process called carbon
sequestration or carbon uptake. The tree absorbs carbon dioxide from the environment in mango tree
climate zones around the world, using it to form the trunk, branches, leaves and fruit of the mango
tree. The tree produces oxygen and releases it into the environment during this process.

Meanwhile, the process of growing, harvesting and transporting the mangos to the retailer in the U.S.
generates greenhouse gases that are released into the environment.

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Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, is a species of flowering plant in the family
Anacardiaceae. It is a large fruit tree, capable of growing to a height of 30 metres. There are two
distinct genetic populations in modern mangoes – the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type".
Scientific name: Mangifera indica
Family: Anacardiaceae
Order: Sapindales
Genus: Mangifera
Kingdom: Plantae

Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, is a species of flowering plant in the

family Anacardiaceae. It is a large fruit tree, capable of growing to a height of 30 metres (100 feet).
There are two distinct genetic populations in modern mangoes – the "Indian type" and the "Southeast
Asian type". It is a large green tree, valued mainly for its fruits, both green and ripe. [3] Approximately
500 varieties have been reported in India. It can grow up to 15–30 metres (50–100 feet) tallwith a
similar crown width and a trunk circumference of more than 3.7 m (12 ft). The leaves are simple,
shiny and dark green.

Red-yellow flowers appear at the end of winter, and also at the beginning of spring. Both male and
female flowers are borne on same tree.Climatic conditions have a significant influence on the time of
flowering.In South Asia, flowering starts in December in the south, in January in Bengal, in February
in eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, and in February–March in northern India. The duration of
flowering is 20–25 days for the Dasheri variety, while panicle emergence occurs in early December

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and flower opening is completed by February. The Neelum variety produces two crops a year
in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, but it flowers only once in North Indian conditions.

The mango is an irregular, egg-shaped fruit which is a fleshy drupe.Mangos are typically 8–12
centimetres (3–5 inches) long and greenish yellow in color. The fruits can be round, oval, heart, or
kidney shaped.Mango fruits are green when they are unripe.The interior flesh is bright orange and
soft with a large, flat pit in the middle.Mangos are mature in April and May. Raw mangos can be
used in the making of pickles and chutneys. Ripe mangos are a popular fruit throughout the world.
The skin and pulp account for 85% of the mango's weight, and the remaining 15% comes from the
stone (seed).

Fig 2.2: Mango Plantation is done by me and my friends

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The mango does not require any particular soil, but the finer varieties yield good crops only where
there is a well-marked dry season to stimulate fruit production. In rainy areas a fungal
disease known as anthracnose destroys flowers and young fruits and is difficult to
control. Propagation is by grafting or budding. Inarching, or approach grafting (in which a scion and
stock of independently rooted plants are grafted and the scion later severed from its original stock),
is widely practiced in tropical Asia but is tedious and relatively expensive.

History

The mango is inextricably connected with the folklore and religious ceremonies of
India. Buddha himself was presented with a mango grove that he might find repose in its grateful
shade. The name mango, by which the fruit is known in English- and Spanish-speaking countries, is
most likely derived from the Malayam manna, which the Portuguese adopted as manga when they
came to Kerala in 1498 for the spice trade. Probably because of the difficulty in transporting seeds
(they retain their viability a short time only), the tree was not introduced into the Western
Hemisphere until about 1700, when it was planted in Brazil; it reached the West Indies about 1740.
rafting and chip budding—have been developed and are used commercially.
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4. Advantages of Tree Plantation

Trees have countless benefits to everything on the planet from sea animals to countless people
working around the world. Planting a tree not only benefits those who live locally around it but
to the whole population such as by removing carbon from the atmosphere. People who live near
trees experience many benefits such as improvement in their quality of life. Trees have a
positive impact on mental health by reducing stress and encouraging outdoor activities. If you
are thinking of planting, read below to find out the many benefits trees have on the
environment.
4.1 Clean The Air
After taking a stroll in the woods, you might have felt that there is clean air. It is true because
the trees do purify the air. Trees are among the irreplaceable resources on the planet that provide
oxygen. Through a process called photosynthesis, trees take in carbon dioxide and produce
oxygen as a by-product. Creatures on the earth can not survive without oxygen. By planting
more trees, we are creating more oxygen to breathe and sustain our lives. There are many types
of trees on the planet, the amount of oxygen produced by each may vary.
Trees absorb odors and other harmful gases like ammonia, nitrogen oxides, Sulphur dioxide,
and ozone. They also filter out dust and particulates from the air by trapping them in the leaves
and barks. An acre full of mature trees can provide oxygen for 18 people for one year. Planting
trees strategically around your home can substantially save you on air conditioning. You will
save money and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
The planting of trees helps cool the air especially in urban areas where it is 9 degrees warmer
than places with trees. Because of this, architects and environmentalists came up with solutions
to have indoor trees and green roofs. Green roofs provide great cooling and remove heat from
the air thus saving the environment. Indoor trees act as natural air conditioners and save money
and cooling bills.
4.2 Reduces Greenhouse Gas
Carbon dioxide the ‘greenhouse gas’ is notorious for its heat-trapping properties. The levels of
carbon in the air are a great deal as the planet continues to heat up at an alarming rate. Global
warming is a result of excess greenhouse gas caused by destroying rainforests and burning fossil
fuels. We hear about the carbon footprint but many do not know it is carbon dioxide, CO2.
Planting trees save our planet by combating the effects of greenhouse gas. According to
research, an adult tree can store 13 pounds of carbon or change 48 pounds into oxygen all in one
year. An acre full of trees stores 2.6 tons of carbon dioxide in one year. With its heat absorbing

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and air purifying properties, not only does planting trees affect you locally but it affects others
around you and helps in the fight against global warming.
Reduce Soil Erosion
Planting trees has sustainable benefits to the environment too. Rain and wind are the main
forces that damage bare soil causing erosion. As rain hits the ground, it has enough power and
momentum to penetrate the soil. Trees break down the rain droplets weakening their strength
preventing damage to the soil. The roots of trees hold on the ground strongly keeping the soil
from washing away because of rain or storms. Trees, therefore, lower the occurrence of
landslides on hilly areas and prevent the loss of fertile land by slowing down sedimentation in
rivers. Trees also are windbreakers and prevent the soil from being carried away. Places without
trees end up as deserts and inhabitable. Planting trees benefits such areas by transforming them
into oases making them more habitable and productive. Mangroves are known to protect
endangered coastlines from disappearing into the sea.
The root of trees also stores the rainwater preventing runoff. The report has shown that 100
trees can reduce runoff caused by rain by up to 400,000 liters!
Protect the Ozone Layer
Every year we hear news of global warming as temperatures are on the rise. This happens
because people are replacing trees with absorbing buildings and roads, which makes cities
warmer. Planting trees reduce ozone layer pollution largely as carbon dioxide is the most
common greenhouse gas. It is to be noted that ground-level ozone pollution is different from the
ozone layer, which is high in the atmosphere. Pollutants used in aerosol cans and refrigerants
may have destroyed the atmospheric ozone that absorbs the sun’s ultraviolet rays. Trees absorb
nitrous oxides that form the ground-level ozone released when people burn fossil fuels. In some
places, the ozone, a toxic component, is visible as smog that blankets a city.
Having more trees around reduces the potential health and environmental effects of ozone in the
air. Once inside plants leaves, the gases are absorbed and converted hence reducing the
pollution to the environment. Having more trees, especially in urban areas means there will be
more breathable air and the temperatures will be mild.
Trees are our main survival means by providing more oxygen, blocking sunlight removing heat
from the atmosphere, and providing cooling in streets and cities.
Prevent Water Pollution
With many substances in the atmosphere, stormwater picks up many pollutants, dirt, and
bacteria that cause a threat to clean water in many places. It is often worsened by human activity
and contains phosphorus and nitrogen pollutants from fertilizers and other waste. As rainwater

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hits places like roads and roofs, it becomes stormwater and may include oil, heavy metals,
pesticides, grease, and other chemicals contaminating our waters. Having trees around breaks
the rain and allows water to seep into the ground. This reduces the risk of stormwater carrying
pollutants flowing into streams and oceans.
Planting trees creates a filter-like sponge as they filter this water and help recharge groundwater
supplies and in turn, we have cleaner water for use.
Conserve Energy
Trees help in lowering the temperature and keeping a place cool. Planting trees strategically
around buildings and homes reduces energy consumption for heating and cooling by 30 percent.
This means saving on money used for air conditioning reducing carbon and other pollutants
from power plants.
Many companies are focusing on using renewable energy sources seeing the damages of fossil
fuels. If trees are used sustainably, they can be excellent eco-friendly fuel. Trees planted in
urban areas reduce the ‘heat-island’ effect by absorbing light energy and reflecting it as heat.
Leafy trees provide shade during hot days and heat buildings during winters as they shed their
leaves during this time. Not only do trees cool the local area but they cool the whole planet.
Water evaporating from trees creates low-level clouds which reflect the sun thus cooling the
earth’s surface.
Save Water
Planting trees helps to save water. As trees provide shade, the water from low vegetation will
evaporate slowly. Newly planted trees only require 15 gallons of water in a week. As trees
develop, their atmospheric moisture increases. As trees provide the cooling you will use less
water for lower plants like crops and flowers grown below the trees. Trees are the main
components of forming clouds and creating rain. If there is more rainfall, the groundwater level
is likely to increase. In addition, trees catch water and snow purifying it and sending it to the
aquifer through their roots. This means cleaner water for use after some drilling. Planting trees
is the most eco-friendly way of efficiently conserving groundwater.
Provide Habitat
Trees boost biodiversity as they are a home and food source for many creatures. You will see
that no matter where trees are planted, other plants and wildlife follow. Trees promote diversity
as other plants like fungi and bacteria are found in different parts of the tree. They make it easier
for birds to nest there and make the soil more fertile. Sycamore and oak trees are the most
planted to provide shelter for birds, squirrels, and insects. Oak trees can host up to 280 species
of insects which are food for birds and other animals.

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When there is extreme heat, animals search for shelter and shade under trees while being near
their food source. Parts of the tree that look dead also known as ‘snags’, provide a home for
many small mammals and birds for nursing, storing food, and perching. The deforestation of
trees is the major factor that makes many animals lose their homes leading them to be extinct.
By planting trees, you help many wildlife such as birds, frogs, and raccoons among others get a
habitat.
Protect The Ecosystem
It is no doubt the earth’s system is now altered as many things are influenced by humans. To
meet this need, the United Nations General Assembly created the United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals to improve life quality. An effective way to do this is to plant trees and
protect them where most people live especially in cities. Trees regulate the water cycle around
the world. Trees catch light energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy through
photosynthesis. Forests help this cycle by absorbing carbon in the trees cleaning the
atmosphere. Trees help to control humidity levels in the air as they absorb rain before releasing
it back into the atmosphere.
Planting trees also improve the quality of the soil. The roots pull minerals to the surface giving
it more nutrition. They naturally remove carbon and harmful substances from the soil benefiting
other plants. As leaves fall, they decompose and add nutrition to the soil. Deforestation has
negatively affected the air. this only proves that planting more trees will curb this problem and
reduce heat in the atmosphere. As forests provide a home for animals and insects, this protects
the ecosystem too calling the need to plant more trees.
Trees Provide Economic Opportunities
Trees provide a livelihood to many people. Forests have timber, wood, fruits, and raw materials
which have economic value. Fruits harvested from trees can be sold and provide income. Trees
are renewable, biodegradable sources of energy. Fuelwood, wood, and fibers provide raw
materials for buildings, paper, and others. The by-products of wood such as barks become
medicine, vitamins, vanilla flavoring, and toothpaste. The textile industry relies heavily on trees
products like cotton and jute to create various products.
Commercial districts with trees attract more shoppers as they are willing to do longer shopping
trips and pay more for parking fees. Trees also add the value of a property. Houses surrounded
by trees sell more than those without. Green waste management, landscaping, and training for
youth interested in green jobs is a huge way to foster economic opportunities from trees. Tree
planting also provides high levels of employment. Over 10 million people are employed in the
forest sector activities formally.

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Snapshots

Fig 2.3: Watering the Plant

Fig:2.4 Planting a Mango Sampling

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Conclusion
As we have seen, there are many environmental benefits of planting trees. Strategically planting
trees will bring life to your area improve your quality of life and help combat climate change.
Trees also come with tons of other benefits such as reducing noise, protecting us from harmful
ultraviolet rays, lowering frost in agricultural areas, improving our health, and reducing stress.
There is more room for sustainable companies that aim at creating products that cause less
damage to the environment. Whether is adding another seedling to a forest or adding one in
your garden, planting a tree is always a good idea.

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