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AlexanderCh06finalR1

Chapter 6 of 'Fundamentals of Electric Circuits' covers the principles of capacitors and inductors, including their definitions, properties, and formulas for calculating capacitance and inductance. It explains the behavior of capacitors and inductors in series and parallel configurations, along with examples to illustrate these concepts. The chapter also includes calculations for voltage, current, and energy stored in these components.

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7 views

AlexanderCh06finalR1

Chapter 6 of 'Fundamentals of Electric Circuits' covers the principles of capacitors and inductors, including their definitions, properties, and formulas for calculating capacitance and inductance. It explains the behavior of capacitors and inductors in series and parallel configurations, along with examples to illustrate these concepts. The chapter also includes calculations for voltage, current, and energy stored in these components.

Uploaded by

Haronicle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Alexander-Sadiku

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits


Chapter 6
Capacitors and Inductors

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Capacitors and Inductors
Chapter 6
6.1 Capacitors
6.2 Series and Parallel Capacitors
6.3 Inductors
6.4 Series and Parallel Inductors

2
6.1 Capacitors (1)

• A capacitor is a passive element designed


to store energy in its electric field.

• A capacitor consists of two conducting plates


separated by an insulator (or dielectric).
3
6.1 Capacitors (2)

• Capacitance C is the ratio of the charge q on one


plate of a capacitor to the voltage difference v
between the two plates, measured in farads (F).

and

• Where ε is the permittivity of the dielectric material


between the plates, A is the surface area of each
plate, d is the distance between the plates.
• Unit: F, pF (10–12), nF (10–9), and μF (10–6)

4
6.1 Capacitors (3)

• If i is flowing into the +ve


terminal of C
– Charging => i is +ve
– Discharging => i is –ve

• The current-voltage relationship of capacitor


according to above convention is

and

5
6.1 Capacitors (4)

• The energy, w, stored in


the capacitor is

• A capacitor is
– an open circuit to dc (dv/dt = 0).
– its voltage cannot change abruptly.

6
6.1 Capacitors (5)

Example 1

The current through a 100-μF capacitor is

i(t) = 50 sin(120 πt) mA.

Calculate the voltage across it at t =1 ms and


t = 5 ms.

Take v(0) =0.

Answer:
v(1ms) = 93.14mV
v(5ms) = 1.7361V 7
6.1 Capacitors (6)

Example 2

An initially uncharged 1-mF capacitor has the


current shown below across it.

Calculate the voltage across it at t = 2 ms and


t = 5 ms.

Answer:
v(2ms) = 100 mV
v(5ms) = 500 mV

8
6.2 Series and Parallel
Capacitors (1)
• The equivalent capacitance of N parallel-
connected capacitors is the sum of the individual
capacitances.

9
6.2 Series and Parallel
Capacitors (2)
• The equivalent capacitance of N series-connected
capacitors is the reciprocal of the sum of the
reciprocals of the individual capacitances.

10
6.2 Series and Parallel
Capacitors (3)
Example 3
Find the equivalent capacitance seen at the
terminals of the circuit in the circuit shown
below:

Answer:
Ceq = 40μF

11
6.2 Series and Parallel
Capacitors (4)
Example 4
Find the voltage across each of the capacitors in
the circuit shown below:

Answer:
v1 = 30V
v2 = 30V
v3 = 10V
v4 = 20V

12
6.3 Inductors (1)

• An inductor is a passive element designed


to store energy in its magnetic field.

• An inductor consists of a coil of conducting wire.

13
6.3 Inductors (2)

• Inductance is the property whereby an inductor


exhibits opposition to the change of current
flowing through it, measured in henrys (H).

and

• The unit of inductors is Henry (H), mH (10–3)


and μH (10–6).
14
6.3 Inductors (3)

• The current-voltage relationship of an inductor:

• The power stored by an inductor:

• An inductor acts like a short circuit to dc (di/dt = 0)


and its current cannot change abruptly.
15
6.3 Inductors (4)

Example 5
The terminal voltage of a 2-H
inductor is
v = 10(1-t) V

Find the current flowing through it at


t = 4 s and the energy stored in it
within 0 < t < 4 s.
Answer:
Assume i(0) = 2 A. i(4s) = -18V
w(4s) = 320J

16
6.3 Inductors (5)

Example 6

Determine vc, iL, and the energy stored in the


capacitor and inductor in the circuit of circuit
shown below under dc conditions.

Answer:
iL = 3A
vC = 3V
wL = 1.125J
wC = 9J

17
6.4 Series and Parallel
Inductors (1)
• The equivalent inductance of series-connected
inductors is the sum of the individual
inductances.

18
6.4 Series and Parallel
Inductors (2)
• The equivalent capacitance of parallel inductors
is the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of
the individual inductances.

19
6.4 Series and Parallel
Capacitors (3)
Example 7
Calculate the equivalent inductance for the
inductive ladder network in the circuit
shown below:

Answer:
Leq = 25mH
20
6.4 Series and Parallel
Capacitors (4)
• Current and voltage relationship for R, L, C

21

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