PHP

MODEL ANSWER PAPER W24

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2024 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors

Subject Name: Web Based Application development with PHP (WBP) Subject Code: 22619
Important Instructions to examiners:
222261
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
9
XXXXX
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.

Q. Sub Answer Marking Scheme

No. Q.
N.

1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 M

a) List advantages of PHP. 2M

Ans 1)Open Source Any 4 advantages, 1 for

½M
2)Platform independent

3)simple and Easy

4)Database support

5)Security

6)Scripting Language

7)Vast Community

b) Define inheritance in PHP. 2M

Ans Inheritance is a mechanism of extending an existing class by inheriting a class. Correct definition 2 M

We create a new sub class with all functionality of that existing class, and we

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can add new members to the new sub class.

When we inherit one class from another we say that inherited class is a
subclass and the class who has inherits is called parent class.

In order to declare that one class inherits the code from another class, we use
the extends keyword.

c) List any four string functions with use. 2M

Ans str_word_count( ): Count the number of words in a string List 1 M,

strlen(): Returns the length of a string Use 1 M,

strrev(): Reverses a string 1/2 M for one function

strops(): Returns the position of the first occurrence of a string inside another
string (case-sensitive)

str_replace(): Replaces some characters in a string (case-sensitive)

ucwords(): Convert the first character of each word to uppercase

strtoupper(): Converts a string to uppercase letters

strtolower(): Converts a string to lowercase letters

str_repeat(): Repeating a string with a specific number of times.

strcmp(): Compare two strings (case-sensitive). If this function returns 0, the

two strings are equal. If this function returns any negative or positive numbers,
the two strings are not equal.

Substr(): substr() function used to display or extract a string from a particular

position.

Str_split(): To convert a string to an array

Trim(): Removes white spaces and predefined characters from a both the sides
of a string.

Rtrim(): Removes the white spaces from end of the string

Ltrim():Removes the white spaces from left side of the string

d) State different data types in PHP. 2M

Ans i) Integer: This data type holds only numeric values. Integers hold only whole Any two data types, 1 M
numbers including positive and negative numbers, i.e., numbers without for each
fractional part or decimal point. The range of integer values are -
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2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647. Integers can be defined indecimal(base 10),
hexadecimal(base 16), octal(base 8) or binary(base 2) notation.The default
base is decimal (base 10).

(ii) Float: Floating point numbers represents numeric values with decimal
points (real numbers) or a number in exponential form. The range of floating
point values are 1.7E-308 to 1.7E+308. Example: 3.14, 0.25, -5.5, 2E-4, 1.2e2

(iii) String: A string is a sequence of characters. A string are declares using

single quotes or double quotes. Example: “Hello PHP”, ‘Hello PHP’

(iv) Boolean: The Boolean data types represents two values, true(1) or
false(0). Example: $a=True

v)Array: An array stores multiple values in one single variable and each value
is identify by position ( zero is the first position). The array is a collection of
heterogeneous (dissimilar) data types. PHP is a loosely typed language that’s
why we can store any type of values in arrays.

Syntax: Variable_name = array (element1, element2, element3, element4......)

(vi) Object :

Objects are defined as instances of user defined classes that can hold both
values and functions. First we declare class of object using keyword class. A
class is a structure that contain properties (variables) and methods (functions).

(vii) Resource: The special resource type is not an actual data type. It is the
storing of a reference to functions and resources external to PHP. Consider a
function which connect to the database, a function to send a query to the
database, a function to close the connection of database. Resource variables
hold special handles to opened files, database connections, streams etc.

(viii) Null: Null is a special data type which can have only one value NULL
i.e. a variable that has no value assigned to it. If a variable is created without a
value, it is automatically assigned a value of NULL.

Syntax : $var_name= NULL

e) Explain array-flip( ) and explode( ) function ·with syntax. 2M

Ans array-flip(): array-flip(): 1M and

explode(): 1M
The array_flip() function flips/exchanges all keys with their associated values
in an array.

This built-in function of PHP array_flip() is used to exchange elements within

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an array, i.e., exchange all keys with their associated values in an array and
vice-versa.

Syntax: array_flip(array);

explode():

- The explode() function breaks a string into an array.

- The explode() is a built in function in PHP used to split a string in different

strings.

- The explode() function splits a string based on a string delimeter, i.e. it splits
the string wherever the delimeter character occurs. This function returns an
array containing the strings formed by splitting the original string.

Syntax:

array explode(separator, OriginalString, NoOfElements);

f) Define class with syntax and example. 2M

Ans - A class is a unit of code that describes the characteristics and behaviors of Define:1 M, Syntax: ½ M
something, or of a group of things. and any correct Example:
½M
- Class is a collection of objects. Object has properties and behavior.

- Class is a user-defined data type, which includes local functions as well as

local data. You can think of a class as a template for making many instances of
the same kind (or class) of object.

Syntax :

<? Php

classname_of_class

{ // code goes here...

} ?>

Example:

<?php

class Car

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{

// Nothing to see here; move along

$Maruti = new Car();

$Honda = new Car();

print_r( $Maruti ); // Displays “Car Object ( )”

print_r( $Honda ); // Displays “Car Object ( )”

?>

g) State advantages of PHP-MySQL. 2M

Ans 1. The most important advantage of PHP is that it’s open-source and free Any two advantages: 1
from cost. It can be downloaded anywhere and is readily available to M, ½ M for each
use for events or web applications.
2. It is platform-independent. PHP-based applications can run on any OS
like UNIX, Linux, Windows, etc.
3. Applications can easily be loaded which are based on PHP and
connected to the database. It’s mainly used due to its faster rate of
loading over slow internet speed than other programming language.
4. It has less learning curve because it is simple and straightforward to
use. Someone familiar with C programming can easily work on PHP.
5. It is more stable for a few years with the assistance of providing
continuous support to various versions.
6. It helps in reusing an equivalent code and not got have to write lengthy
code and sophisticated structure for events of web applications.
7. It helps in managing code easily.
8. It has powerful library support to use various function modules for data
representation.
9. PHP’s built-in database connection modules help in connecting
databases easily reducing trouble and time for the development of web
applications and content-based sites.
10. The popularity of PHP gave rise to various communities of developers,
a fraction of which may be potential candidates for hire.
11. Flexibility makes PHP ready to effectively combine with many other
programming languages in order that the software package could use

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foremost effective technology for every particular feature.

2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Explain use of for and for each with example. 4M

Ans for Statement : for statement: 2 M, for

each statement : 2M
The for statement is used when you know how many times you want to
execute a statement or a block of statements. That is, the number of iterations
is known beforehand. These type of loops are also known as entry-controlled
loops. There are three main parameters to the code, namely the initialization,
the test condition and the counter.

In for loop, a loop variable is used to control the loop. First initialize this loop
variable to some value, then check whether this variable is less than or greater
than counter value. If statement is true, then loop body is executed and loop
variable gets updated. Steps are repeated till exit condition comes.

1. Initialization Expression: In this expression we have to initialize the loop

counter to some value. for example: $i=1;

2. Test Expression: In this expression we have to test the condition. If the

condition evaluates to true then we will execute the body of loop and go to
update expression otherwise we will exit from the for loop. For example:
$i<=10;

3.Update Expression: After executing loop body this expression

increments/decrements the loop variable by some value. for example : $i+= 2;

Syntax :

for (initialization expression; test condition; update expression)

// code to be executed

Example:

<?php

//for loop to print even numbers and sum of them

$sum=0;

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for($i=0; $i<=10;$i+=2)

echo "$i<br/>";

$sum+=$i;

echo "Sum=$sum";

?>

for-each statement:

foreach loop is used for array and objects. For every counter of loop, an array
element is assigned and the next counter is shifted to the next element.

Syntax:

foreach (array_element as value)

//code to be executed

Example:

<?php

$arr = array (10, 20, 30, 40, 50);

foreach ($arr as $i)

echo "$i<br/>";

?>

b) Demonstrate use of_construct() and_destruct() with example. 4M

Ans __construct(): __construct():2 M,

__destruct(): 2 M
To create a constructor, simply add a method with the special name _
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_construct() to your class. (That ’ s two underscores, followed by the word “
construct, ” followed by parentheses.) PHP looks for this special method name
when the object is created; if it finds it, it calls the method.

Example :

class MyClass

function __construct()

echo “Welcome to PHP constructor. <br / > ”;

$obj = new MyClass; // Displays “Welcome to PHP constructor.”

__ destruct(): A destructor is called when the object is destroyed.

- You have to manually dispose of objects you created, but in PHP, it's
handled by the Garbage Collector, which keeps an eye on your objects and
automatically destroys them when they are no longer needed.

- Destructors are useful for tidying up an object before it’s removed from
memory.

- Destructors don’t have any types or return value. It is just called before de-
allocating memory for an object or during the finish of execution of PHP
scripts or as soon as the execution control leaves the block.

- For example, if an object has a few files open or contains data that should be
written to a database, it’s a good idea to close the files or write the data before
the object disappears.

- You can create destructor methods in the same way as constructors, except
that you use __destruct() function

Example:

<?php

class MyDestClass

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{

function __construct()

print "In constructor<br>";

function __destruct()

print "Destroying " . __CLASS__ . "<br>";

$obj = new MyDestClass();//object is not created

?>

c) Write PHP program 4M

i) To find largest of two number

ii) for connecting to MySQL server.

Ans <?php Any Correct logic

Program for i) 2 M ii) 2
function findLargest($num1, $num2) { M
if ($num1 > $num2) {
return $num1;
} elseif ($num2 > $num1) {
return $num2;
} else {
return "Both numbers are equal";
}
}

$num1 = 10;
$num2 = 20;

echo "The largest number between $num1 and $num2 is: " .
findLargest($num1, $num2);

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?>

ii) <?php

// MySQL server credentials

$servername = "localhost"; // Change this if your MySQL server is on a

different host

$username = "root"; // MySQL username (default: root)

$password = ""; // MySQL password (default: empty string for local

MySQL setup)

$dbname = "your_database"; // Name of the database you want to connect to

(change as necessary)

// Create connection using MySQLi

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check the connection

if ($conn->connect_error) {

die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);

echo "Connected successfully to the MySQL server";

// Close the connection

$conn->close();

?>

d) Write a PHP program to count total number of rows in the 4M

database table.

Ans <?php Any correct logic

program 4 M
// MySQL server credentials

$servername = "localhost"; // Change this if your MySQL server is on a

different host

$username = "root"; // MySQL username (default: root)

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$password = ""; // MySQL password (default: empty string for local
MySQL setup)

$dbname = "your_database"; // Name of the database you want to connect to

// Create connection using MySQLi

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check the connection

if ($conn->connect_error) {

die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);

// Define the table name

$tableName = "your_table_name"; // Replace this with your actual table name

// SQL query to count total number of rows in the table

$sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS total_rows FROM $tableName";

// Execute the query

$result = $conn->query($sql);

// Check if the query was successful

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {

// Fetch the result as an associative array

$row = $result->fetch_assoc();

// Display the total number of rows

echo "Total number of rows in the '$tableName' table: " .

$row['total_rows'];

} else {

echo "Error: Could not retrieve row count.";

// Close the connection

$conn->close();

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?>

3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Define cookie. Explain how to create and delete cookies. 4M

Ans − PHP cookie is a small piece of information which is stored at client Definition of cookie-1M
browser. It is used to recognize the user.
Creation of cookie with
− Cookie is created at server side and saved to client browser. Each time syntax and example-
when client sends request to the server, cookie is embedded with request. 1.5M
Such way, cookie can be received at the server side. In short, cookie can be
created, sent and received at server end.
− A cookie is a small file with the maximum size of 4KB that the web server
Deletion of cookie with
stores on the client computer.
syntax and example-
− A cookie can only be read from the domain that it has been issued from. 1.5M
Cookies are usually set in an HTTP header but JavaScript can also set a
cookie directly on a browser.

There are three steps involved in identifying returning users :

1. Server script sends a set of cookies to the browser. For example : name,
age or identification number etc.
2. Browser stores this information on local machine for future use.
3. When next time browser sends any request to web server then it sends
those cookies information to the server and server uses that information to
identify the user.
− PHP provides a inbuilt function setcookie(), that can send appropriate
HTTP header to create the cookie on the browser.
− While creating the cookie, we have to pass require arguments with it.
− Only name argument is must but it is better to pass value, expires and path
to avoid any ambiguity.
Syntax : setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain, secure, HttpOnly);
setcookie(“username”, “abc”, time() + 60 * 60 * 24 * 365, “/”, “.abc.com”,
false, true);
− The setcookie() function defines a cookie to be sent along with the rest of
the HTTP headers.
− cookieexample.php
<html>
<body>

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<?php
$cookie_name = "username";
$cookie_value = "abc";
setcookie($cookie_name, $cookie_value, time() + (86400 * 30), "/"); // 86400
= 1 day

if(!isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name])) {
echo "Cookie name '" . $cookie_name . "' is not set!";
} else {
echo "Cookie '" . $cookie_name . "' is set!<br>";
echo "Value is: " . $_COOKIE[$cookie_name];
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Delete Cookies
− Cookie can be deleted from user browser simply by setting expires
argument to any past date it will automatically delete the cookie from user
browser.
− Deleted cookie can be checked by calling the same cookie with its name
to check if it exists or not.
− There is no special dedicated function provided in PHP to delete a cookie.
All we have to do is to update the expire-time value of the cookie by
setting it to a past time using the setcookie() function. A very simple way
of doing this is to deduct a few seconds from the current time.
− Syntax:
− setcookie(name, time() - 3600);
<html>
<body>
<?php
setcookie("user"," ",time()-3600);
echo "Cookie 'user' is deleted.";
?>
</body>
</html>

b) Explain bitwise operators in PHP. 4M

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Ans Bitwise operators allow evaluation and manipulation of specific bits within an List of Bitwise operators
integer. with use-2M

Bitwise Operators And example of any

bitwise operator-2M
Example Name Result

$a & $b AND Bits that are set in both $a and $b are

set.

$a | $b OR (inclusive OR) Bits that are set in either $a or $b are

set.

$a ^ $b Xor (exclusive or) Bits that are set in $a or $b but not both
are set.

~ $a Not Bits that are set in $a are not set, and

vice versa.

$a << $b Shift left Shift the bits of $a $b steps to the left

(each step means "multiply by two")

$a >> $b Shift right Shift the bits of $a $b steps to the right

(each step means "divide by two")

1. & (Bitwise AND) : This binary operator works on two operands. Bitwise
AND operator in PHP takes two numbers as operands and does AND on every
bit of two numbers. The result of AND is 1 only if both bits are 1.
2. | (Bitwise OR) :Bitwise OR operator takes two numbers as operands and
does OR on every bit of two numbers. The result of OR is 1 any of the two bits
is 1.
3. ^ (Bitwise XOR ) : This is also known as Exclusive OR operator. Bitwise
XOR takes two numbers as operands and does XOR on every bit of two
numbers. The result of XOR is 1 if the two bits are different.
4. ~ (Bitwise NOT) : This is a unary operator i.e. works on only one operand.
Bitwise NOT operator takes one number and inverts all bits of it.
5. << (Bitwise Left Shift) :Bitwise Left Shift operator takes two numbers, left
shifts the bits of the first operand, the second operand decides the number of
places to shift.
6. >> (Bitwise Right Shift) :Bitwise Right Shift operator takes two numbers,
right shifts the bits of the first operand, the second operand decides the number
of places to shift.
Example:
// Bitwise AND
$First = 5;
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$second = 3;
$answer = $First & $second;
print_r("Bitwise & of 5 and 3 is $answer");
print_r("\n");
// Bitwise OR
$answer = $First | $second;
print_r("Bitwise | of 5 and 3 is $answer");
print_r("\n");
// Bitwise XOR
$answer = $First ^ $second;
print_r("Bitwise ^ of 5 and 3 is $answer");
print_r("\n");
// Bitwise NOT
$answer = ~$First;
print_r("Bitwise ~ of 5 is $answer");
print_r("\n");
// Bitwise Left shift
$second = 1;
$answer = $First << $second;
print_r("5 << 1 will be $answer");
print_r("\n");
// Bitwise Right shift
$answer = $First >> $second;
print_r("5 >> 1 will be $answer");
print_r("\n");
?>
Output:
Bitwise & of 5 and 3 is 1
Bitwise | of 5 and 3 is 7
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Bitwise ^ of 5 and 3 is 6
Bitwise ~ of 5 is -6
5 << 1 will be 10
5 >> 1 will be 2

c) Write a PHP program to draw a rectangle filled with red colour. 4M

Ans <?php Relevant program-4M

// Create an image
$img = imagecreatetruecolor(500, 300);
$color = imagecolorallocate($img, 255, 0, 0);
imagefilledrectangle($img, 30, 30, 470, 270, $color);
header("Content-type: image/png");
imagepng($img);
imagedestroy($img);
?>

d) Explain Following Methods 4M

i) MySQL_select_db()
ii) ImageCopyReszied()

Ans i) MySQL_select _db() MySQL_select_db()-use

and syntax:1M
The mysqli_select_db() function is used to change the default database for the
connection. Example-1M

Syntax: $mysqli -> select_db(name)

Example: ImageCopyResized()-use
and syntax:1M
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost","my_user","my_password","my_db"); Example-1M

if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . mysqli_connect_error();
exit;
}

// Return name of current default database

if ($result = mysqli_query($con, "SELECT DATABASE()")) {
$row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);
echo "Default database is " . $row[0];
mysqli_free_result($result);
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}

// Change db to "test" db
mysqli_select_db($con, "test");

// Return name of current default database

if ($result = mysqli_query($con, "SELECT DATABASE()")) {
$row = mysqli_fetch_row($result);
echo "Default database is " . $row[0];
mysqli_free_result($result);
}

// Close connection
mysqli_close($con);
?>
ii) imageCopyReszied()
The imagecopyresized() function is an inbuilt function in PHP which is used
to copy a rectangular portion of one image to another image. dst_image is the
destination image, src_image is the source image identifier.
Syntax:
bool imagecopyresized( resource $dst_image,
resource $src_image, int $dst_x, int $dst_y,
int $src_x, int $src_y, int $dst_w,
int $dst_h, int $src_w, int $src_h )
Parameters:This function accepts ten parameters as mentioned above and
described below:
• $dst_image: It specifies the destination image resource.
• $src_image: It specifies the source image resource.
• $dst_x: It specifies the x-coordinate of destination point.
• $dst_y: It specifies the y-coordinate of destination point.
• $src_x: It specifies the x-coordinate of source point.
• $src_y: It specifies the y-coordinate of source point.
• $dst_w: It specifies the destination width.
• $dst_h: It specifies the destination height.
• $src_w: It specifies the source width.

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• $src_h: It specifies the source height.

Return Value: This function returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

<?php
// File and new size
$filename = 'test.jpg';
$percent = 0.5;

// Content type
header('Content-Type: image/jpeg');

// Get new sizes

list($width, $height) = getimagesize($filename);
$newwidth = $width * $percent;
$newheight = $height * $percent;

// Load
$thumb = imagecreatetruecolor($newwidth, $newheight);
$source = imagecreatefromjpeg($filename);

// Resize
imagecopyresized($thumb, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $newwidth, $newheight,
$width, $height);

// Output
imagejpeg($thumb);
?>

4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

a) Demonstrate the concept of overloading with example. 4M

Ans It is a type of overloading for creating dynamic methods that are not declared concept of overloading-
within the class scope. PHP method overloading also triggers magic methods 2M and example- 2M
dedicated to the appropriate purpose. Unlike property overloading, PHP
method overloading allows function call on both object and static context. The
related magic functions are,
• __call() – triggered while invoking overloaded methods in the object
context.
• __callStatic() – triggered while invoking overloaded methods in static
context.
<?php

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class GFG {
public function __call($name, $arguments) {

echo "Calling object method '$name' "

. implode(', ', $arguments). "\n";
}

public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments)

{
echo "Calling static method '$name' "
.implode(', ', $arguments). "\n";
}
}
// Create new object
$obj = new GFG;
$obj->runTest('in object context');
GFG::runTest('in static context');
?>
<?php

class GFG {
function multiply($var1){
return $var1;
}

function multiply($var1,$var2){
return $var1 * $var1 ;
}
}
$ob = new GFG();
$ob->multiply(3,6);
?>
b) Develop PHP program to create database and insert records in 4M
database.

Ans create database -2M

Create table in php:
and insert records in
Step 1) create a database through script database-2M

<?php
if(isset($_POST)) {
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
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$password = "";
//$dbname = "clg";
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "CREATE DATABASE clg";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Database created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
}
?>
) Create a table “staff”
<?php
{
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "clg";
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
$sql = "CREATE TABLE staff (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50)
)";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Table staff created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating table: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
}
?>

insert values into table “staff”

<?php
{
$servername = "localhost";
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$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "clg";
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
$sql = "INSERT INTO staff (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]')";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
}
?>
c) Explain how to implement multidimensional array in PHP. 4M

Ans These are arrays that contain other nested arrays. Concept and syntax of
An array which contains single or multiple arrays within it and can be multidimensional array-
accessed via multiple indices. 2M
We can create one dimensional and two dimensional array using
multidimensional arrays. The advantage of multidimensional arrays is that Implementation/example-
they allow us to group related data together. 2M
Syntax for creating multidimensional array in php
array (
array (elements...),
array (elements...),
...
)
Example :
<?php
// Defining a multidimensional array
$person = array(
array(
"name" => "Yogita K",
"mob" => "5689741523",
"email" => "[email protected]",
),
array(
"name" => "Manisha P.",
"mob" => "2584369721",
"email" => "[email protected]",
),
array(
"name" => "Vijay Patil",
"mob" => "9875147536",
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"email" => "[email protected]",
)
);
// Accessing elements
echo "manisha P's email-id is: " . $person[1]["email"], "<br>";
echo "Vijay Patil's mobile no: " . $person[2]["mob"];
?>
Output :
manisha P's email-id is: [email protected]
Vijay Patil's mobile no: 9875147536
d) Explain print and echo statement in PHP. 4M

Ans PHP echo statement: Use of print and echo

statement-2M
• In PHP, there are two ways to get output or print output: echo and Example of each-2M
print.
• They are both used to output data to the screen.
The PHP echo Statement:

• The echo statement can be used with or without parentheses: echo or

echo().
• The echo statement can display anything that can be displayed to the
browser, such as string, numbers, variables values, the results of
expressions etc.
Example :
<?php
// Displaying strings
echo "Hello, Welcome to PHP Programming";
echo "<br/>";
//Displaying Strings as Multiple arguments
echo "Hello", " Welcome", " PHP";
echo "<br/>";
//Displaying variables
$s="Hello, PHP";
$x=10;
$y=20;
echo "$s <br/>";
echo $x."+".$y."=";

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echo $x + $y;
?>
Output :
Hello, Welcome to PHP Programming
Hello Welcome PHP
Hello, PHP
10+20=30
The PHP print Statement :
The PHP print statement is similar to the echo statement and can be used
alternative to echo at many times. It is
also language construct and so we may not use parenthesis : print or print().
print statement can also be used to print
strings and variables.
Web Based Application Development using PHP (MSBTE) 1-6 Expressions
and Control Statements in PHP
Example :
<?php
// Displaying strings
print "Hello, Welcome to PHP Programming";
print "<br/>";
//Displaying variables
$s="Hello, PHP";
$x=10;
$y=20;
print "$s <br/>";
print $x."+".$y."=";
print $x + $y;
?>
Output :

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Hello, Welcome to PHP Programming
Hello, PHP
10+20=30

e) Create a form given below also write PHP code to find given number is 4M
odd or even.

Ans <?php Relevant code-4M

extract($_REQUEST);
if(isset($check))
{
if($number%2==0)
{
echo "$number is Even Number";
}
else
{
echo "$number is Odd Number";
}
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>Enter Your Number</td>
<td><input type="text" name="number" required/></td>
</tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center">
<input type="submit" value="Even or Odd"
name="check"/>
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</tr>
</form>
</body>
</html>
</html>

OR

<html>
<body>

<h2>PHP script to find given number is ODD or EVEN </h2>

<form action="" method="post">

<input type="text" name="num" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>

<?php

if($_POST)
{
$num = $_POST['num'];

if(!is_numeric($num))
{
echo "String not allowed.
Input should number";
return;
}
if($num % 2==0)
{
echo "Number is an even number";
}
else
{
echo "Number is an odd number ";
}
}

?>

</body>
</html>

5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

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a) State applications of serialization. Illustrate its use with example. 6M

Ans Serialization in PHP refers to the process of converting a data structure (like Any three correct
an object, array, or variable) into a string format that can be stored, applications-3 M
transmitted, or manipulated. Deserialization is the reverse process, converting
the serialized string back into its original data structure. Any Correct example in
PHP – 3 M
Applications of serialization in PHP:
1. Serialization allows developers to store complex data structures, like
objects and arrays, in databases or files.
2. When data needs to be sent over a network (e.g., via APIs or sockets),
it is serialized to ensure compatibility with the transmission format.
3. PHP sessions often use serialization to store session data as strings.
The session data is serialized before being written to a storage medium
like files or databases.
4. Serialization is used in caching systems like Redis or Memcached to
store PHP objects or arrays for faster retrieval.
5. Serialization can preserve the state of objects by storing their
properties and values. This is useful when saving the state of an object
between requests or sessions.
6. Developers use serialization to log complex data structures in a
readable and storable format for debugging purposes.
7. Serialization is often used in queue systems to serialize tasks or
messages before pushing them into the queue.
8. When applications written in PHP need to communicate with systems
in other programming languages, serialization ensures that the data can
be properly transmitted and interpreted.
Example:
<?php
class User
{
public $name;
public $email;

public function __construct($name, $email)

{

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$this->name = $name;
$this->email = $email;
}
}
$user = new User('Rina', '[email protected]');
$serializedUser = serialize($user);
echo $serializedUser;
?>
OUTPUT:
O:4:"User":2:{s:4:"name";s:4:"Rina";s:5:"email";s:15:"[email protected]";}

b) Write a PHP program 6M

(i) for sending mail

(ii) for validating name field.

Ans (i) PHP program to sending mail for sending mail-3M

<html> for validating name field-
<head> 3M
<title>Email using PHP</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$to_email = "[email protected]";
$subject = 'Testing PHP Mail';
$message = 'This mail is sent using the PHP mail function';
$headers = 'From: [email protected]';
$retvalue= mail($to_email,$subject,$message,$headers);
echo $retvalue;
if( $retvalue == true ) {
echo "Message sent successfully...";
}else {
echo "Message could not be sent...";
}
?>
</body>
</html>

(ii) For Validating name field

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>

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<style>
.error {color: #FF0001;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<?php
// define variables to empty values
$nameErr = " ";
//Input fields validation
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
// Validating Name field
if (emptyempty($_POST["name"])) {
$nameErr = "Name is required";
} else {
$name = input_data($_POST["name"]);
// check if name only contains letters and whitespace
if (!preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z ]*$/",$name)) {
$nameErr = "Only alphabets and white space are allowed";
}
}
?>
<h2>Input Form</h2>
<span class = "error">* required field </span>
<br><br>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo
htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]); ?>" >
Name: <input type="text" name="name">
<span class="error">* <?php echo $nameErr; ?> </span>
<br><br>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit">
<br><br>
</form>
<?php
if(isset($_POST['submit'])) {
if($nameErr == "") {
echo "<h3 color = #FF0001> <b>You have sucessfully
registered.</b> </h3>";
echo "<h2>Your Input:</h2>";
echo "Name: " .$name;
echo "<br>";
} else {
echo "<h3> <b>Please input name in correct fomat.</b> </h3>";
}
}
?>
</body>
</html>
c) Display the given text "this is server side coding using PHP" in 6M

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PDF format using PHP.

Ans <?php Correct code-6M

require('fpdf.php');
$pdf=new FPDF();
$pdf->SetFillColor(100,256,256);
$pdf->AddPage();
$pdf->SetFont('Courier','B',16);
$pdf->SetTextColor(0,100,200);
$pdf->Cell(100,10,this is server side coding using PHP',0,1,'C',true);
$pdf->Output();
?>

6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

a) Create a html form "result.html" to accept Rollno of student using 6M

submit button. Write "result.php" code to check the result of
student "pass" or "fail". Create a table result_table in MySQL
database "My_db" with two columns Rollno and Status. Also write
PHP code to delete a record from result_table.

Ans File result.html Correct

Result.html-2 M
<html> Result.php -2 M
Create table /
<head>
Insert two records/
<meta charset="UTF-8"> Delete the record- 2 M

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

<title>Check Result</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Check Student Result</h1>
<form action="result.php" method="POST">
<label for="rollno">Enter Roll Number:</label>

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<input type="number" name="rollno" id="rollno" required>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
PHP Code: result.php
<?php
// Database credentials
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = ""; // Adjust if needed
$dbname = "My_db";
// Connect to the database
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
// Get the roll number from the form
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] === "POST") {
$rollno = intval($_POST['rollno']);
// Query to check the result
$sql = "SELECT Status FROM result_table WHERE Rollno = ?";
$stmt = $conn->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bind_param("i", $rollno);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();
// Check if the Rollno exists

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if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
$row = $result->fetch_assoc();
echo "Roll Number: " . $rollno . "<br>";
echo "Result: " . $row['Status'];
} else {
echo "No result found for Roll Number: " . $rollno;
}
$stmt->close();
}
$conn->close();
?>
Create table result_table
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = " My_db";
// Creating connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password,$dbname);
// Checking connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully<br>";
// sql to create table
$sql = "CREATE TABLE result_table ( Rollno INT PRIMARY KEY, Status
VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL)";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Table created successfully";

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} else {
echo "Error creating table: " . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>
File - Insert.php
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "My_db";
// Creating connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password,$dbname);
// Checking connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully<br>";
$sql = "INSERT INTO result_table (Rollno, Status)
VALUES (1, 'Pass');";
$sql .= " INSERT INTO result_table (Rollno, Status)
VALUES (2, 'Fail')";
if ($conn->multi_query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "New records created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();

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?>
Code to delete the record:
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "My_db";
// Creating connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password,$dbname);
// Checking connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully<br>";
$sql = "DELETE from result_table WHERE Rollno=2";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "record deleted successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}
$conn->close();
?>

b) Explain the following function types with example: 6M

(i) Anonymous function

(ii) Variable function

Ans (i) Anonymous function or lambda function: Anonymous function

with example –
Anonymous function is a function without any user defined name. Such a 3 M,
function is also Variable function with
example –
3M
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called closure or lambda function.
Syntax:
$var=function ($arg1, $arg2) { return $val; };
• There is no function name between the function keyword and the opening
parenthesis.
• There is a semicolon after the function definition because anonymous
function
definitions are expressions.
• Function is assigned to a variable, and called later using the variable’s name.
• When passed to another function that can then call it later, it is known as a
callback.
• Closure is also an anonymous function that can access variables outside its
scope
with the help of use keyword
Example-1 :
<?php
$var = function ($name)
{
echo "Hello $name";
};
$var("Sneha");
?>
OUTPUT:
Hello Sneha
Example 2 - Anonymous function as a Closure:
<?php
$maxmarks=300;
$percent=function ($marks) use ($maxmarks)
{

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return $marks*100/$maxmarks;
};
echo "marks=285 percentage=". $percent(285);
?>
(ii) Variable function:
If name of a variable has parentheses (with or without parameters in it) in front
of it, PHP
parser tries to find a function whose name corresponds to value of the variable
and executes
it. Such a function is called variable function.
Syntax:
<?php
function valueofvariable (arg list)
{
//block of code;
}
$variable_name= valueofvariable;
$variable_name (arg list);
?>
Example:
<?php
function add($x, $y){
echo $x+$y;
}
function sub($x, $y){
echo $x-$y;
}
$var=readline("enter name of function: ");
$var(10,20);

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?>
OUTPUT
add
30

c) Explain: 6M

(i) _clone()

(ii) class_exists()

(iii) get_parent_class()

Ans (i) _clone() Correct explanation

Of _clone()-2 M
By combining the clone keyword and __clone() magic method, we can class_exists()-2 M
perform a deep copy of an object. Deep copy creates a copy of an object and get_parent_class()-2 M
recursively creates a copy of the objects referenced by the properties of the
object.
The following example illustrates how to use the __clone() magic method to
carry a deep copy of the Person object:
Example:
<?php
class Address
{
public $street;
public $city;
}
class Person
{
public $name;
public $address;
public function __construct($name)
{
$this->name = $name;
$this->address = new Address();

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}
public function __clone()
{
$this->address = clone $this->address;
}
}
$bob = new Person('Bob');
$bob->address->street = 'North 1st Street';
$bob->address->city = 'San Jose';
$alex = clone $bob;
$alex->name = 'Alex';
$alex->address->street = '1 Apple Park Way';
$alex->address->city = 'Cupertino';
var_dump($bob);
var_dump($alex);
?>
In above example, using __clone() method in the Person class we can create a
separate
copy of the Address object for both the references which is known as deep
copy of
object,.

(ii) class_exists()
The class_exists() function checks whether a class with a given name has been
defined or not. It is useful for verifying the availability of a class before
instantiating it or calling its methods.
Syntax
bool class_exists(string $className, bool $autoload = true)
Example:
<?php

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
class MyClass {}
if (class_exists('MyClass')) {
echo "Class 'MyClass' exists.";
} else {
echo "Class 'MyClass' does not exist.";
}
?>
Output:
Class 'MyClass' exists.

(iii) get_parent_class()
The get_parent_class() function retrieves the name of the parent class for a
given class or object. It is used in object-oriented programming to examine
class inheritance.
Syntax
string|false get_parent_class(object|string $objectOrClass = null)
Example:
<?php
class ParentClass {}
class ChildClass extends ParentClass {}
$child = new ChildClass();
echo get_parent_class($child);
?>
Output:
ParentClass

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