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Exercise3

The document outlines Exercise 3 for the PHYS-C6370 course, which includes calculations related to energy release and mass transformation in various processes, such as fusion, fission, and heating. It also requires a comparative analysis of energy use and CO2 emissions among Finland, Sweden, Russia, and Mozambique, along with a discussion on the findings. Additionally, it addresses the necessary technological improvements or GDP adjustments needed to meet carbon footprint goals by 2050, referencing Nicolas Stern's review on climate change.

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9 views

Exercise3

The document outlines Exercise 3 for the PHYS-C6370 course, which includes calculations related to energy release and mass transformation in various processes, such as fusion, fission, and heating. It also requires a comparative analysis of energy use and CO2 emissions among Finland, Sweden, Russia, and Mozambique, along with a discussion on the findings. Additionally, it addresses the necessary technological improvements or GDP adjustments needed to meet carbon footprint goals by 2050, referencing Nicolas Stern's review on climate change.

Uploaded by

anhtri.journal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYS-C6370 Fundamentals of New Energy Sources (Fall 2017)

Exercise 3

Submit your answers by Monday 2.10.2017 at 14:15. You should return your solutions via
MyCourses. The main assistant of this exercise is Sannamari Pilpola.

1. Home assignment

Calculate the mass required to release or bind 1 kWh of energy in:


a) fusion reactions in the Sun (main chain):
p + p  d + e+ + , Qd = 1.2 MeV
d + p  He + ,
3
QHe3 = 5.5 MeV
3
He + He  He + 2p,
3 4
QHe4 = 12.9 MeV
total reaction energy of the entire chain = 2Qd + 2QHe3 + QHe4

b) mass transforming into energy in annihilation


c) fission of 235U, assuming that each fission releases 200 MeV
d) burning wood
e) melting ice at 0 C
f) heating water from 0 °C to 100 °C
g) heating concrete from –20 C to 20 C
h) object lifted from ground to 50 m
i) object traveling at velocity 80 km/h

2. Home assignment

Compare Finland, Sweden, Russia and Mozambique in the following areas:


a) Primary energy use per capita
b) Primary energy use per GDP
c) CO2 emissions per capita
d) CO2 emissions per GDP
Comment shortly your findings. Are there any surprises? What are the main reasons behind
the differences between the countries? (IEA 2017 Key World Energy Statistics)
3. Home assignment

Nicolas Stern stated in his 2008 review “The Economics of Climate Change” that in order to
stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentration to 550 ppm 1 , the average annual global carbon
footprint should decrease to around 2 tons of CO2 per capita by 2050. According to Eurostat,
the carbon footprint of an average EU28 citizen is now (2015) about 9 tons of CO2 per year.

a) Using the IPAT model, calculate how fast Technology should improve (annual % decrease
in the ratio of CO2(kg)/GDP(€)) if we want to achieve that goal in Europe while preserving
the 2 % annual increase in real GDP (in 2015 euros).

b) If Technology cannot be improved at all, how much would the GDP per capita need to
decrease (annual % decrease) to reach the goal?

1
This number corresponds to a likely 2–5 °C global temperature increase, see the figure and the table below.

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