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The document categorizes structures in structural analysis as statically determinate or indeterminate based on their solvability using static equilibrium equations. Statically determinate structures can be analyzed with basic equilibrium equations, while statically indeterminate structures require additional compatibility equations. It also discusses static and kinematic indeterminacy, stability conditions, and Maxwell's Reciprocal Theorem related to deflections in structures.

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13 views

Sa1 notues

The document categorizes structures in structural analysis as statically determinate or indeterminate based on their solvability using static equilibrium equations. Statically determinate structures can be analyzed with basic equilibrium equations, while statically indeterminate structures require additional compatibility equations. It also discusses static and kinematic indeterminacy, stability conditions, and Maxwell's Reciprocal Theorem related to deflections in structures.

Uploaded by

gamerz90999
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Types of Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Structures

Structures in structural analysis are categorized as either statically determinate or statically

indeterminate based on their ability to be solved using only static equilibrium equations.

1. Statically Determinate Structures

These structures can be analyzed using only the three equilibrium equations:

- Sum of Fx = 0 (sum of horizontal forces)

- Sum of Fy = 0 (sum of vertical forces)

- Sum of M = 0 (sum of moments)

Types of Statically Determinate Structures:

- Simply Supported Beam - A beam with a pinned support at one end and a roller support at the

other.

- Cantilever Beam - A beam fixed at one end and free at the other.

- Overhanging Beam - A beam that extends beyond its support.

- Trusses (Simple Trusses) - Trusses that satisfy the m + r = 2j condition.

- Frames (Determinate Frames) - Rigid jointed frames where support reactions and internal forces

can be found using equilibrium equations.

2. Statically Indeterminate Structures

These structures have more unknown forces than available equilibrium equations, requiring

additional compatibility equations (from deformation analysis) to solve.

Types of Statically Indeterminate Structures:

- Fixed Beam - A beam with both ends fixed.


- Continuous Beam - A beam resting on more than two supports.

- Propped Cantilever Beam - A cantilever beam with an additional roller support.

- Indeterminate Trusses - Trusses that do not satisfy the m + r = 2j rule.

- Indeterminate Frames - Frames with extra constraints, such as multiple fixed supports.

Static and Kinematic Indeterminacy

1. Static Indeterminacy (SI)

Total static indeterminacy (SI) is given by:

SI = External Indeterminacy (SEI) + Internal Indeterminacy (SII)

External Static Indeterminacy (SEI):

SEI = R - (2D or 3D)

where: R = total number of reaction components

Internal Static Indeterminacy (SII):

For Trusses: SII = m + r - 2j

For Beams and Frames: SII = (Total unknown internal forces) - (Total equations from joints)

2. Kinematic Indeterminacy (KI)

KI = Total Degrees of Freedom (DOF) - Total Restraints

For Plane Structures:

KI = 2j - r (for planar trusses)

KI = 3j - r (for planar frames)

For Space Structures:


KI = 3j - r (for space trusses)

KI = 6j - r (for space frames)

Stability of Structures

1. Stable Structures:

A structure is stable if it can maintain its shape and equilibrium under applied loads.

Mathematical Condition for Trusses: m + r >= 2j

2. Unstable Structures:

A structure is unstable if it cannot maintain equilibrium.

Types:

- External Instability: Insufficient supports.

- Internal Instability: Insufficient connections.

- Geometric Instability: Poor member arrangement.

Maxwell's Reciprocal Theorem

Statement:

Maxwell's Reciprocal Theorem states that in a linear elastic structure, the deflection at point A due

to a unit load applied at point B is equal to the deflection at point B due to the same unit load applied

at point A.

Mathematically:

delta_AB = delta_BA

Applications:
- Beam Deflection Analysis

- Trusses and Frames

- Structural Mechanics

Example: A simply supported beam subjected to a unit load at point B. By Maxwell's theorem, the

deflection at A due to load at B equals the deflection at B due to a load at A.

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