1.

400 kV M2 REL670 OHL Calc Sheet

SUBSTATION: CARX FEEDER: HSTA CT Ratio 2000/1

RELAY TYPE: REL670 PROTECTION: MAIN 2 DISTANCE VT Ratio 400/0.11

OHL RL XL Zratio 1.82

Line length=7.00 km R1=0.13 ohm X1=1.84 ohm Line angle 86°

k0
R0=0.66 ohm X0=4.46 ohm k0 k0
(Line data)
(to be used in (to be used in calc.
Space between
Date: 23 October 2010 13.1 m 0.48 calc. for Z1) for Z2)
phases
Space between
5.5 m -7.4° 0.48 0.80
phase and gnd

Zone 1

SIR-Check (to be carried out on short lines)

U= 9.66 kV
Zone 1 reach check for k0 (Line data) with regard to
⇒ SIR = 22.98
parallel line out and grounded
ISC = 6.53 kA

Select: Operation = ON Grounded Line: MUSH-WRSN

Positive Sequence Reactive Reach ZM01 X1 Vph Iph 3I0

Saftey margin = 0.75 ⇒ ZM01 = 1.38 ohm prim. 11.95 kV 4.09 kA 3.75 kA

Positive Sequence Resistive Reach ZM01 R1 (For Zone Characteristic Angle) 0.0 deg -83.2 deg -82.8 deg

ZM01 R1= 0.10 ohm prim. Zapparent= 2.03 ohm prim.

Actual Z1
Zero Sequence Reactive Reach ZM01 X0 68%
Underreach
Without mutual: ZM01 X0= 3.35 ohm prim. 0.64
Select ZM01 X0: 3.35 ohm prim. Required (Z1) k0 ≤
With mutual: ZM01 X0= 3.37 ohm prim. -8.0 deg

Zero Sequence Resistive Reach ZM01 R0 (For Zone Characteristic Angle) Suggested (Z1) k0 0.48

ZM01 R0= 0.50 ohm prim. 0.48

Select (Z1) k0 =
Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Phase ZM01 RFPP [Ohm/loop] -7.4 deg

3-ph fault at 80%, I-phase total I-phase relay end

37510 A 6534 A
Measurement errors due to CT and VT
phase displacement errors
Minimum required resistive coverage for ph-ph faults: 1.25 ohm prim.

Select ZM01 RFPP ohm/loop primary value: 2.50 ohm prim. Background Calculations

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Earth ZM01 RFPE [Ohm/loop]

Beta=1.249 Alfa=1.179
3I0 total 3I0 relay end I-phase relay end I-phase remote end
sqrt(a)=4.247 h=4.667
42957 A 9379 A 8229 A 35728 A
psi=1.695 gamma=0.054
Minimum required resistive coverage for ph-gnd faults: 6.40 ohm prim. Max XError = 0.23 ohm prim.

Select ZM01 RFPE ohm/loop primary value: 6.40 ohm prim. Max. 0.87
Percentage
coverage of the line
Corresponding value in ohm/phase primary value: 4.32 ohm prim. Min. 0.63

Zone 2

Positive Sequence Reactive Reach ZM02 X1

Fault at remote busbar

ITot IShortest line IHighest contribution IZ2 considered Z1Shortest line Shortest line: HSTA-HRSR

39277 A 4810 A 10314 A 2983 A 2.04 ohm prim. Highets contrib.: HSTA-WRSN 1

ZM02 X1≥ 2.21 ohm prim.

⇒ Select ZM02 X1: 3.00 ohm prim.
Check Zone 2 reach with k0 (Line data) for remote
ZM02 X1≤ 14.69 ohm prim.
busbar fault
Positive Sequence Resistive Reach ZM02 R1 (For Zone Characteristic Angle) Vph Iph 3I0

ZM02 R1= 0.21 ohm prim. 15.20 kV 2.70 kA 3.08 kA

Zero Sequence Reactive Reach ZM02 X0 0.0 deg -80.6 deg -79.6 deg
Zapparent=
Without mutual: ZM02 X0= 7.26 ohm prim. 3.64 ohm prim.
(with k0 Line data)
Select ZM02 X0: 10.20 ohm prim. Actual Z2
With mutual: ZM02 X0= 10.20 ohm prim. Overreach 0.82
(with k0 Line data)
Required (Z2) k0 ≥
Zero Sequence Resistive Reach ZM02 R0 (For Zone Characteristic Angle) 1.80
(Considering same
reach for pos.seq.
ZM02 R0= 1.51 ohm prim. -9.1 deg
and zero seq.)
Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Phase ZM02 RFPP [Ohm/loop] Suggested (Z1) k0 1.10

3-ph flt at rmt bb, I-phase total I-phase relay end 0.80
Select (Z1) k0 =
39277 A 2983 A -14.0 deg

Minimum required resistive coverage for ph-ph faults: 8.07 ohm prim.

Select ZM02 RFPP ohm/loop primary value: 8.50 ohm prim.

Transmission Protection Department Rev. 1 CARX-HSTA - Page 1 of 5

 1. 400 kV M2 REL670 OHL Calc Sheet

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Earth ZM02 RFPE [Ohm/loop]

Fault at remote busbar

k0 increased from 0,48 to 0,78 in order to dependably
overreach the busbar in HSTA.
3I0 total 3I0 relay end I-phase relay end I-phase remote end

47082 A 5123 A 4104 A 42978 A

Minimum resistive reach setting to cover remote busbar: 4.34 ohm prim.

Minimum resistive coverage to reach to remote end: 14.08 ohm prim.

Select ZM02 RFPE ohm/loop primary value: 14.00 ohm prim.

Corresponding value in ohm/phase primary value: 7.78 ohm prim.

Apparent impedance for fault two buses away

ZAPP = 2.10 ohm ⇒ Time delay=0.55 s Fault at bus: HRSR

Zone 3

Positive Sequence Reactive Reach ZM03 X1

Fault at remote busbar

ITot IShortest line IHighest contribution IZ4 considered Z2Shortest Shortest line: HSTA-HRSR

39277 A 4810 A 10314 A 2983 A 3.40 ohm prim. Highets contrib.: HSTA-WRSN 1

ZM03 X1≥ 2.77 ohm prim.

⇒ Select ZM03 X1: 8.00 ohm prim.
ZM03 X1≤ 23.50 ohm prim.

Positive Sequence Resistive Reach ZM03 R1 (For Zone Characteristic Angle)

ZM03 R1= 0.56 ohm prim.

Zero Sequence Reactive Reach ZM03 X0

Without mutual: ZM03 X0= 19.36 ohm prim.

Select ZM03 X0: 25.00 ohm prim.
With mutual: ZM03 X0= 27.20 ohm prim.

Zero Sequence Resistive Reach ZM03 R0 (For Zone Characteristic Angle)

ZM03 R0= 3.70 ohm prim.

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Phase ZM03 RFPP [Ohm/loop]

Selected fault resistance coverage Selected fault resistance coverage for zone
for zone 2 4 (calculated below)
8.50 ohm prim. 8.50 ohm prim.

Select ZM03 RFPP ohm/loop primary value: 14.00 ohm prim.

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Earth ZM03 RFPE [Ohm/loop]

Selected fault resistance coverage Selected fault resistance coverage for zone
for zone 2 4 (calculated below)
14.00 ohm prim. 20.00 ohm prim.

Select ZM03 RFPE ohm/loop primary value: 30.00 ohm prim.

Corresponding value in ohm/phase primary value: 16.67 ohm prim.

Time delay=0.80 s

Transmission Protection Department Rev. 1 CARX-HSTA - Page 2 of 5

 1. 400 kV M2 REL670 OHL Calc Sheet

Zone 4
(Used for POTT scheme and non-directional SOTF)
Positive Sequence Reactive Reach ZM04 X1

Overreach factor: 1.4 ZM02 X1= 3.00 ohm prim.

⇒ ZM04 X1= 2.58 ohm prim.

Select ZM04 X1: 3.50 ohm prim.

Positive Sequence Resistive Reach ZM04 R1 (For Zone Characteristic Angle)

ZM04 R1= 0.25 ohm prim.

Zero Sequence Reactive Reach ZM04 X0

Without mutual: ZM04 X0= 8.47 ohm prim.

Select ZM04 X0: 11.90 ohm prim.
With mutual: ZM04 X0= 11.90 ohm prim.

Zero Sequence Resistive Reach ZM04 R0 (For Zone Characteristic Angle)

ZM04 R0= 1.76 ohm prim.

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Phase ZM04 RFPP [Ohm/loop]

I-phase total I-phase relay end

39277 A 2983 A

Minimum required resistive coverage for ph-ph faults: 2.69 ohm prim.
ZM02 RFPP = 8.50 ohm prim.
(Information)
Select ZM04 RFPP ohm/loop primary value: 8.50 ohm prim.

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Earth ZM04 RFPE [Ohm/loop]

Fault at remote busbar

3I0 total 3I0 relay end I-phase relay end I-phase remote end

47082 A 5123 A 4104 A 42978 A

Minimum resistive coverage to reach to remote end: 12.96 ohm prim.

ZM02 RFPE = 14.00 ohm prim.
(Information)
Select ZM04 RFPE ohm/loop primary value: 20.00 ohm prim.

Corresponding value in ohm/phase primary value: 11.11 ohm prim.

Zone 5
(Reverse direction for ECHO blocking)
Positive Sequence Reactive Reach ZM05 X1
ZM04 X1
remote =
3.00 ohm prim. ⇒ ZM05 X1= 1.62 ohm prim.

Select ZM05 X1: 3.00 ohm prim.

Positive Sequence Resistive Reach ZM05 R1 (For Zone Characteristic Angle)

ZM05 R1= 0.21 ohm prim.

Zero Sequence Reactive Reach ZM05 X0

ZM04 X0
remote =
8.49 ohm prim. ⇒ ZM05 X0= 5.64 ohm prim.

With respect to selected ZM05 X1 ⇒ ZM05 X0= 7.26 ohm prim.

Select ZM04 X0: 7.00 ohm prim.

Zero Sequence Resistive Reach ZM05 R0 (For Zone Characteristic Angle)

ZM05 R0= 0.83 ohm prim.

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Phase ZM05 RFPP [Ohm/loop]

ZM04 RFPP
remote = 5.00 ohm prim. ⇒ ZM05 RFPP= 7.00 ohm prim.

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Earth ZM05 RFPE [Ohm/loop]

ZM04 RFPE
remote = 10.00 ohm prim. ⇒ ZM05 RFPE= 14.00 ohm prim.

Transmission Protection Department Rev. 1 CARX-HSTA - Page 3 of 5

 1. 400 kV M2 REL670 OHL Calc Sheet

Phase Selection PHS1

Smax = 2615 MVA ⇒ Imax = 3.77 kA

Umin = 0.90 x 400kV ⇒ 360 kV

Max ϕ = 30° ⇒ cos ϕ = 0.87

⇒ ArgLd = 35°

Saftey margin = 0.90 ⇒ RLdFw = RLdRw = 42.92 ohm prim. [Ohm/phase]

Earth fault Loop Impedance Angle = 84°

Positive Sequence Reactive Reach PHS X1

PHS X1≥ 5.04 ohm prim. ⇒ Select PHS X1: 5.04 ohm prim.

Zero Sequence Reactive Reach PHS X0

PHS X0≥ 17.14 ohm prim. Same proportion as for selected PHS X1: 17.14 ohm prim.

Select PHS X0: 17.14 ohm prim.

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Phase Forward PHS RFFwPP [Ohm/loop]

RFFwPP = 10.63 ohm prim.

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Phase Reverse PHS RFRvPP [Ohm/loop]

RFRvPP = 10.63 ohm prim.

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Earth Forward PHS RFFwPE [Ohm/loop]

RFFwPE = 24.00 ohm prim.

Fault Resistance Reach Phase-Earth Reverse PHS RFRvPE [Ohm/loop]

RFRvPE = 24.00 ohm prim.

Power Swing Detection PSD1 PSD is disabled. Dynamic studies do not show any tendency
for power swings to be measured at this relay location. The
Operation = OFF PSD function, if activated, would constitute a risk of
unwanted distance protection blocking for sequential backup
fault clearance.

ISCA ISCA = 32.59 kA

Z<
⇒
Zsource_A = 7.09 ohm prim.

In case of double circuit lines, open the CB on both lines

ISCB ISCB = 32.55 kA

Z< ⇒
Zsource_B = 7.09 ohm prim.

In case of double circuit lines, open the CB on both lines

Zsyst = 16.02 ohm prim. Swing frequency Δf= 4.0 Hz

PSD Characteristic

Outer Resistive Load Boundary RLdOutFw [Ohm/phase]

Multiplication factor for inner resistive load boundary: kLdRRv = kLdRFw = 0.80

RLdInFw ≥ 42.92 ohm prim. (PHS) ⇒ RLdOutFw = 53.65 ohm prim.

RLdInFw ≥ 14.00 ohm prim. (ZM) ⇒ RLdOutFw = 17.50 ohm prim.

Note that resistive reach for PSD and PHS-Load ch. Are
set in ohm/phase, whereas other PHS R-reaches, and
Zone R-reaches are set in ohm/loop. This gives an extra Select RLdOutFw : 40.00 ohm prim.
margin for the PSD settings with regard to the R-reaches in
ohm/loop.

RLdOutRv = RLdOutFw ⇒ RLdOutRv : 40.00 ohm prim.

RLd_Min ≥ 47.69 ohm prim. ⇒ Margin = 0.84

ΔFw = 8.00 Ohm

ΔFw = ΔR = ΔX will always be calculated even if Load
Encroachment is disabled :
(ΔFw =) ΔRv = 8.00 Ohm

ArgLd = 25°

Load Encroachment Characteristic can normally be

disabled. The reach settings are however needed in order OperationLdCh = OFF
to get ΔFw and ΔRv

Transmission Protection Department Rev. 1 CARX-HSTA - Page 4 of 5

 1. 400 kV M2 REL670 OHL Calc Sheet

Fault Resistance Coverage to Inner Resistive Line R1FInFw [Ohm/phase]

R1FInFw ≥ 14.00 ohm prim. ⇒ Select R1FInFw : 20.00 ohm prim.

R1FInRv = R1FInFw ⇒ R1FInRv : 20.00 ohm prim.

Inner Reactive Boundary X1InFw

X1InFw ≥ 8.00 ohm prim. ⇒ Select X1InFw : 15.00 ohm prim.

X1InRv = X1InFw ⇒ X1InRv : 15.00 ohm prim.

Line Resistance for Inner Characteristic angel R1LIn [Ohm/phase]

R1LIn : 1.05 ohm prim.

Timer for Detection of Initial Power Swing tP1

δout = 31.9°
Time to pass through
⇒ ΔFw :
8 ms
δin = 43.7°

Select tP1 : 0.030 s

Other Timers

Timer for detection of subsequent power swings: Select tP2 : 0.015 s

Waiting time for activation of tP2 timer: Select tW : 0.250 s

Timer for holding power swing START output: Select tH : 0.500 s

Timer giving delay to inhibit by the residual current: Select tR1 : 0.300 s

Timer giving delay to inhibit a very slow swing: Select tR2 : 2.000 s

Fault locator FLO

IA IA = 27.05 kA
Z<
⇒
ϕA = 86.8°

IB IA = 14.53 kA
Z< ⇒
ϕA = 87.1°

R1A = 0.48 ohm prim. X1A = 8.53 ohm prim.

R1B = 0.80 ohm prim. X1B = 15.87 ohm prim.

R1L = 0.13 ohm prim. X1L = 1.84 ohm prim.

R0L = 0.66 ohm prim. X0L = 4.46 ohm prim.

Transmission Protection Department Rev. 1 CARX-HSTA - Page 5 of 5