Name: ________________

Roll no. ___________

English XI
Notes

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 English XI: Prose

INDEX
S.NO CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO
1 Quaid On 11th August 1947 3
2 Once More to The Lake 5
3 The Necklace 7
4 Technological Revolution 9
5 Struggle For an Education 11
6 Self−¿Reliance 13
7 Voyage To City of Lion 15
8 Choosing Career 17
9 Pearls Of Wisdom 19

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 CHAPTER NO. 1
QUAID ON 11th August 1947
Introduction:
This chapter is taken from speech given by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad All Jinnah on 11" August 1947. In his historic
address to the Constituent Assembly, Quaid-e-Azam put forward crucial points that should be implemented in this new
country, and highlighted the social evils that should be avoided.
"There is no power on earth that can undo Pakistan."
Q1. Why was the Quaid feeling honored while addressing the first Constituent Assembly?
Quaid was feeling honored while addressing the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan as he was seeing his years of
hardships materialized in the form of a nation. As he was witnessing the newly established state of Pakistan, a feeling
of joy rushed through him. He pointed to the Assembly, evils that should be avoided at all costs and points that should
be kept in mind while governing this juvenile state. He was guiding them like a mentor so that his efforts will not go
in vain and the state of Pakistan propagate towards utopia.
"Work, work and work and we are bound to success"
Q2. Which is the greatest curse according to the Quaid-e-Azam?
According to Quaid-e-Azam the gravest curse that currently India is suffering from; bribery and corruption, these are
worse than poison rotting the fabric of society. Corruption spreads within the institutions body and eats it from inside
out till the point it is not capable of performing its due tasks justly. These curses hinder the performance of institutions
and render them useless. Quaid strongly emphasized on putting these down with an iron hand. He hoped that assembly
would take adequate measures as soon as possible.
"Though the bribe be small, yet the fault is great." (Edward Coke)
Q3. What was the Quaid’s vision about religious freedom?
Quaid had a very open-minded view of religious freedom. According to him the days of discrimination are a thing of
past. He clarified that every citizen is equal in the homeland of Pakistan. His famous quote on religious freedom
describes it all;
"You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other places of worship
in this state of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed-that has nothing to do with the business of
the state."
Q4. According to the Quaid e Azam, what lesson should we learn?
According to Quaid we should learn the lesson of equality, there should not be supersession of one community to
another. There should not be discrimination on the basis of religion, cast, creed or community. All citizens should try
to give priority to the state rather than religion or creed.
"Democracy is in the blood of the Muslims, who look upon complete equality of mankind, and believe in fraternity,
equality, and liberty."
Q5. How for the key ideas of the Quaid's speech are applicable to the present scenarios?
Cast creed and communities should be merged into one nation All resident should think for the general welfare of the
state but not for their particular religions. The curses of bribery, jobbery, corruption, nepotism and black marketing
should be rooted out. These were the key elements of the Quaid's speech which ironically are seen in the present days
of Pakistan and are not what the Quaid had planned. We as a state should care for the general welfare of the country
above all priorities.
" If there is no struggle, there is no progress."

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Q6. How can we make Pakistan prosperous in the light of the Quaid's vision?
We can make Pakistan prosperous by working on what we have right now, we should leave the past behind and work
on the future of the state. We should improve on what is left of the state by working together in harmony and serve
Pakistan as one creed. Religion, caste or creed should not be the basis of welfare for the community. Every individual
should hold responsibility of the state's wellbeing based on humanity.
“The secret of making progress is to get started."
Q7. "I shall always be guided by the principles of justice and fair play without any political language, prejudice and
ill-will." Elaborate these words.
Quaid in this says that he will never be part of any unjust act or will always regard the principles of Justice for his
people and the state. He will not be a part of anything that is considered unjust or without fair play. There will be no
such enmities like political language, prejudice, and ill-will between him and the state only for the sake of prosperity
for Pakistan. He could never think less of any community and deal with equality.
“To discriminate only generates Rate."

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 CHAPTER NO. 2
Once more to the Lake
Introduction:
The author of this chapter is E.B. White. He is famously known for his children's books such as Stuart Little,
Charlotte's Web, etc. In this chapter he describes his nostalgic experience of trips to the Lake, when he was taking his
own son while reminiscing his own moments that he had with his father.
"On the journey to the lake, I began to wonder what it would be like
Q1. Why does writer take a vacation at this particular lake?
The writer has a sentimental attachment to this take. He used to visit this lake with his father when he was a child.
This lake was a serene spot and a scene of beauty where he had spent many summers. Now, he wants his son to live
the same moments with him as he did with his father. He wanted to live in his father's shoes and feel how he'd felt
when he used to bring him to this spot, all the while reminiscing his own moments.
"It is strange how much you can remember about places like that once you allow your mind to return into the grooves
which lead back"
02. Which key concerns the writer has expressed in the text?
One of the main concerns of the author was of nostalgic memories of his childhood, reminding him about the past and
the present of how times had changed. He was also concerned about his relationship with his son which makes him
think about his own father and how he was becoming like his father. He expresses his love towards the place as it was
full of nature. All in all, he was concerned about the time changing from what it used to be in his childhood memories.
"Time changes everything except something within us which is always surprised by change"
Q3. How has the lake changed since he was a boy?
He describes the lake as a beautiful and a memorable place he visited during the summer season with his father. He
describes the lake being motionless and calm during the early morning. He remembers the smell of lumber from the
bedrooms which they were made of and the scent of woods from the window of the room. He used to sneak out early
in the morning from the rest of his family and wander into the pleasant outdoors, canoeing in the close to the shore in
the long shadows of the pines.
"I kept remembering everything, lying in bed the mornings"
Q4. What contrast does the writer make between the sea and the lake?
He makes a contrast of the sea as being dangerous, fearsome and untamed while the lake being calm, steady and still
being peaceful. This contrast is not simply between two bodies of water but reflect on different points in his life. This
is important because it shows the contrast between him when he was a child and him now, because as a child he was
able to relax and be as calm as a lake, but now his life is a little wilder.
"This seemed an utterly enchanted sea, this lake you could leave to its own devices for a few hours
and come back to, and find that it had not stirred,"
Q5. Why does writer repeatedly call the lake as "wild lake"? The writer repeatedly calls the lake as wild lake in order
to emphasize the cottages surrounding it.
There were few cottages sprinkled along the shore and the lake wasn't a place where men cannot
reside. Despite its peacefulness and calm atmosphere there were still little number of cottages and the lake was quite
heavily wooded.
"So lovely was the loneliness of wild lake”

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Q6. Why is arriving at the lake less exciting now than in the past?
Arriving now to the lake is less exciting now than in past because back then when he used to visit the lake, he was a
child. He was full of joy and excitement away from the hardships of the world, in the nurturing care of his father. He
would approach lake carelessly and excited. Back then Lake was even more beautiful with sheltered bays and streams,
the hills and the paths behind the camp. But now the excitement was much less as he was visiting it as a father. This
loss of childhood joy was maybe due to the maturity or the fact that the feeling was more nostalgic than joyful.
"I wondered in what other ways it would be desolated"
Q7. How are the boat motors different in the present situations?
He says that in the present day the motor boats were irritable and noisy. The sound was uncomfortable to the ears and
this was the only thing which made him realize more about how things were different then in his childhood. The
disturbing sound was really out of place in the calmness of
the lake.
"The one thing that would sometimes break the illusion and set the years moving"
Q8. The writer calls the lake as a "holy spot. How does he further develop this idea?
He calls it a holy spot as it provided him with peace and solace. He further develops into this idea as referring it as a
place of escape from the worldly displeasures. It makes him forget about the worries of the present and takes him back
to the memory lane of his childhood helping him forget morality.
“Childhood memories are timeless treasures of the heart.”
Q9. What kind of sensation persisted and grew in the mind of the writer?
While spending time at the lake the write feels dual existence as the past memories slowly creep onto him. He finds
himself in his son and his father in himself as if the roles were replaced. He at the time was he as a father for his son
and his own father himself. He lives as both and plays a role of both characters in his memories.
"I began to sustain the illusion that he was I, and therefore, by simple transposition, that I was my father"
Q10. What is the central idea of the text?
The central idea of this text is about the change in a person's life and their responsibilities with the passage of time. He
realizes that he was more like his father and change the way he felt for the lake as he did in the past. In his childhood
he was relaxed and carefree while now he was like his father mature and careful. He realizes the how the lake had
changed and how things change over time by observing the waitresses with the clean hair, and the number of tracks he
has the choice to walk in has changed. The contrast he makes is that while a sea is unruly and changing, a lake is calm
and serene. He explains this in the opening paragraph in order to introduce his character and his connection to the
lake. Most importantly, the narrator realizes that he is not his and his son is not him and that thing have, indeed,
changed. This moment of realization puts a sudden halt to all of the reminiscent thoughts and ideas that the narrator
reinforced throughout the piece
"Time changes everything except something within us which is always surprised by change"

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 CHAPTER NO. 3
The Necklace
Introduction:
The chapter "The necklace" is based on a story by Guy de Maupassant. The story is about a poor girl Mathilde who
suffered heavily for losing a precious item she borrowed from a friend only to find out in the end that it was all for
nothing and the precious item was worth nothing
"Stay hungry, stay foolish." Imitation
is suicide."
Q1. Why did M. Loisel except his wife to be pleased to receive the invitation?
M. Loisel expected his wife to be happy after receiving invitation card because she was fond of going into parties of
elite class and her husband was aware of that fact. That's he expected that his wife will be happy to see the card of
invitation. t without a rich heart’s wealth is an
ugly Legger! 02. What was Mme. Loisel's reaction on reading the invitations?
Mme. Loisel wanted to go to luxurious parties and after an invitation for a party she wise was granted, unfortunately
she had no dress to wear to the party due to which she was sad and burst into tears therefore she was not happy to
receive the invitation to the party.
“When one it pretending the entire body revolts."
Q3. How was the life of Mme. Loisel before the loss of the necklace?
Mrs. Loisel was pretty and charming. She was married to a clerk. She led an ordinary existence. But she was not
happy with her life. She felt that she should have been born in a rich family. She wanted to lead a life of luxury and
comfort. She wanted to enjoy life. She dreamed of a big house in which there was very good furniture. She dreamed of
beautiful and costly curtains. Mrs. Loisel dreamed of her private room which was filled with very good perfume. She
wanted to enjoy the company of rich and famous guests. When she sat down to dinner, she disliked her cheap and
ordinary dining table. She disliked her simple meals. She dreamed of delicious dinners served in shining silver wares.
She dreamed of having a number of attractive dresses and costly ornaments. In short, Mrs. Loisel dreamed
of a rich and luxurious life.
"Charm is a woman's strengths just as strength is a man's charm.".
Q4. What efforts were made to find Mme. Forestier's necklace?
They looked into the folds of Matilda's dress, in the folds of her cloak and in her pockets. Her husband searched the
whole route by which they had come home. He returned at seven o'clock. But the lost necklace was not found.
“As long as one keeps searching, the answers come.”
Q5. Describe in your own words how Loisel's life changed after they had paid for the new necklace?
Matilda had been enjoying thoroughly at the ball and in the pleasure of the moment, she got careless and lost the
necklace. All search was in vain and the expensive Jewel (or so they thought) had to be replaced. The debt incurred
was much beyond their capacity to pay and thus they had to make severe compromises in their lifestyle, foregoing
every luxury, Matilda worked laboriously at the household chores while M. Loisel overworked at the office. Thus,
they slogged for ten long years to pay up the loan.
“Work hard in silence. Let your success. be your noise. "
Q6. What was Mme. Forestier's reaction when seeing Mme, Loisel before she figured out who she was?

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One day, Matilda was taking a walk in the Champs-Elysees. She suddenly saw a woman walking with a child. It was
Madam Forestier. She was still young, pretty and still attractive. But Mrs. Loisel looked just the different. Her face
was telling her story. She had so much changed that Madam Forestier couldn't recognize her. She could only say,
"Oh! My poor Matilda! How you have changed!"
Q7. How did Mr. and Mme. Loisel replace the necklace?
When they had lost all hopes of getting the lost necklace, Mrs., and Mr. Loisel decided that they must replace the
jewel. In a shop, they found a necklace which seemed to them exactly like the one they had lost. They could get it for
36000 francs. Mr. Loisel had 18000 francs which his father had left. They borrowed the rest of the money. The bought
the new necklace and returned it to Madam Forestier.
“Hard work pays off."
Q8. What was Mme. Forestier's reaction when the necklace was returned?
When Matilda returned the necklace so late, Madam Forestier shows cold behavior and asked her that she should have
returned it sooner as I might needed it.
Q9. How did Mr. Loisel contribute to the cost of the new necklace?
Losels possessed eighteen thousand francs, which his father had left for him Rest of the money he borrowed from
usurers and a whole race of lenders. He made ruinous promises for that and to repay this debt they had to change their
lodgings. Madam Lisle had to do all tedious jobs like washing Grocery shopping, and carrying water upstairs herself.
Q10. How had Mme. Loisel's sacrifices been in vain?
Mme. Lionel's sacrifices proved to be all in vain as Mrs. Forester, when she met her after ten years, told her that the
necklace was of fake diamonds worth only 500 francs. Poor Losels had wasted their 10 years to repay the loss of a
fake necklace.
"Cheaters always want you to be loyal while they are being unfaithful."

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 CHAPTER NO. 4
Technological Revolution
Introduction:
The chapter is adapted from "Digital Quality of Life" by Robert D. Atkinson & Daniel D. Castro. This Essay describes
the understandings of personal and social benefits of the information technological revolution.
“Technology is best when it brings people together."
Q1- What do you mean by technological revolution?
A technological revolution is a period in which one or more technologies are replaced by another new technology is a
short amount of tie, for example mobile phone technology evolved in less time from 10 to 45, and now continuing
with 5G networks. And now the keypad mobile has been replaced by the new Android mobile
Q2-Why did innovation information remain scarce at the time of World War 11?
Information about innovations did remain scarce at the time of World War 1 because the processing of information
was transmitted in analog form rather than digital form, Analog processing relied on atoms to transmit the date and
was slower than digital processing
Q3-How is the technology boom for students?
Technology makes it easier for students to find information quickly and accurately. Online classes help children learn
things while sitting in their homes, educational games help to create skills in students. Students can get online help
anytime and anywhere and can take online courses easily.
Q4-What are the benefits of e-commerce in today's world?
E-commerce can save time and money. Customers can visit online stores at any time of the day and buy whatever they
want. Customers can find more products to choose from, and businesses can attract a wider range of customers
05. How does technology work in environmentally risky areas?
Earthquakes, storms, rainfall, tsunami and floods are some of the natural disasters. The technology detects this kind of
environmental disaster easily and immediately, it spreads critical information about the disaster more quickly. It
enhances the early warning systems Technology also predicts Casters it helps management in a disaster area through
satellite images or aerial photography,
Q6. How has technology greatly supported doctors and medical practitioners?
Technology has made patient care mare reliable by providing new machines, medicines, and treatments. By using
technology, doctors can save many lives and improve the chances of patient recovery Doctors and other medical
practitioners can get patient details, such as lab results, easily. Technology makes it easier for doctors to provide
evidence-based medicine
07- How does technology secure humans from calamities?
Technology provides us with information about calamities through satellites, drones, robots, and social media, and by
using this information, people can be saved from disasters. After getting the information about the calamity, volunteers
can easily identify the disaster area and can save lives by providing relief to the people.
Q8-Some people have the opinion that youngsters are not safe in the technological a, give reasons for your agreement
or disagreement.
I believe that young people are not safe in the technological age because online access comes with risks like
inappropriate content, bullying, and child abuse. These online abusers encourage children to share their personal
information, such as their pictures, address, and phone number. These abusers can easily create false identities. Bullies
also use technology to harass or threaten children.

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09-Which technology innovation has impacted you profoundly and how?
There are thousands of great innovations present in the world, like the internet, corouters, mobile phones, office
software, LEDs, e-commerce, social networking, etc. So, it is hard to select only one technology, but if I have to
choose one, I will choose the mobile phone.
Through mobile phones, our lives have become easier. We don't have to be at home to get an Important call, and we
can get help in an emergency at any time. We can video chat, connect across the globe, search for jobs, play games,
and so much more, all from our cell phones.
010- How did technology contribute to keeping people's lives safe during the recent pandemic or disaster?
Technology cannot prevent the onset of the pandemic, but it can help prevent its spread, Technology can educate and
inform people about the situation and lessen the impact of the pandemic.
In the recent pandemic, with the help of technology, millions of people began working from home across the globe.
Technology helped many students learn during the pandemic it helped with online shopping with the help of
technology, people stayed sate in their homes and stayed connected despite being far away from each other. It also
helped in developing the vaccines.
“Technology is a useful servant but a dangerous master."
“The advance of technology is based on making it fit so that you don't really even notice it, so it's part of everyday
Life.”

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 CHAPTER NO.5
Struggle For an Education
Introduction:
It is a narrative by Booker, about his Struggle to get an education:
Q1. Why was the boy inspired to go to Hampton?
The boy was inspired to go to Hampton in order to join the school there after overhearing the beautiful description of
the school by the two miners. It appeared to him more pretentious than the little colored school in their town.
"When you have a dream. you have got to grab it and never let go.”
02. What did he learn during work?
During work, he (author) learnt the importance of discipline and system. The Head teacher taught him honesty and
frankness. He also learns the importance of cleanliness. He also learnt that in Virginia there is a school for colored
people. The school not only offered quality education but it provides the opportunity to earn for the education fee.
"Motivation gets you going, but discipline keeps you growing. “
Q3. What happened to the money he had earned at Mrs. Ruffner's house? The small amount he had earned at Mrs.
Ruffner's house, had been consumed by his stepfather and the remainder of the family, with the exception off a very
few dollars, and so he had very little with which to buy clothes and pay his travelling expenses.
Q4. What did he do in Richmond in order to reach to Hampton city?
At Richmond, he asked captain to take him on job. He unloads the vessel in order to get money for food. The captain
was so much pleased with his work and asks him to do this job permanently. That's how he was able to make money to
go to Hampton. He used to sleep the street under the broad side walk.
"self-belief and hard work will always earn you success."
Q5. Why did the boy thank the captain of the ship?
When the boy was hungry and he had. Nothing to buy or breakfast to eat. So, he went to the captain for work. He
settled him at the work of unloading the vessels. Captain Supported him a lot when the next time, he needed the work,
so, the captain of the ship gave him work again So, that he thanked the captain of the ship for his kindness.
Q6. Why did the writer not make a favorable impression on the head teacher? When the writer presented himself
before the head teacher for assignment to a class. He had been so long without proper food, a bath and change of
clothing. So, he could not make a favorable impression on the head teacher.
“You never get a second chance to matte a first impression.”
Q7. What did he have to go through in order to get admission at the Hampton Institute?
To get access at Hampton Institute, the boy was asked to clean the recitation room. The boy cleaned the room toughly
as well as the furniture on several occasions to ensure the room was undoubtedly clean. He swept the recitation room
three times. He had a feeling that drove him that if he made the best impression to the teacher upon cleaning the room,
he would be admitted. When the head teacher failed to find any dirt on the room, she admitted him to the institute.
“Hard work pays off”
Q8. Write down the central theme of the above read text in your own sentences?
The Central theme of "Struggle for an Education" is Firm Determination. If we see in the text, the author had a great
desire to study but he faces many difficulties, there was no moneys his mother was ill nor he have a proper live but he

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challenged the things that cause/trouble to him and he passed all them one by one. Ups and downs will come in our
life should struggle and fight for them.
"Firm Determination is a milestone of Success".

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 CHAPTER NO. 6
Self-Reliance
Introduction:
In 'self-reliance' Ralph Waldo Emerson distinguishes between internal and external causes of behavior. The idea that
one can rely on his or her own judgment, choices, and be free from these societal influences is to be self-reliant.
"Nothing can bring you peace but yourself."
Q1. What makes a man great according to the author?
In his essay, "Self-Reliance," Emerson's sole purpose is the want for people to avoid conformity. Emerson believed
that in order for a man to truly be a man, he was to follow his own conscience and "do his own thing." Essentially, do
what you believe is right instead of blindly following society. Following the prevailing world's viewpoint and
neglecting your own unique characteristics is a simple path to take. However, a man of greatness is someone who can
maintain the freedom of being alone with perfect grace, even when surrounded by a crowd.
Q2. Why is self-reliance important for one's development?
Self-reliance is important because getting things done on our own makes us more effective, increases, positive feelings
about ourselves, and increases the likelihood that we will work harder in the future, especially in challenging
circumstances. The things we have trouble doing, or don't think we can do, tend to become things we avoid doing.
Building self-reliance therefore becomes an important way to stay committed to and actively pursue our goals.
“Simplicity is the trademark of genius. “
Q3. What is mark of genius according to the author?
The author describes a genius as a person who trusts their own ideas, whether or not they have heard other people
echoing the same thoughts. A person who trusts their own thoughts and convictions, and hold the belief that their
personal truths are truths for all humanity. Genius is Having confidence in your own ideas and the belief that what is
true for you deep down inside is true for everyone is a brilliant concept Expressing your innermost convictions will
resonate universally because what is within will manifest outwardly. It is important for a person to recognize and
observe the sudden insights that come from within father than relying solely on the wisdom of poets and wise men.
Q4. What happens when a person doesn't value one's own quality?
According to the author, a person is bounded by the world's view and is subjected to the opinion of others. Their lives
are steered towards the interpretations of the world, deterring them to grow or discover their own way of finding
meaning. It makes them imitate others instead of bringing their own potential. The one who doesn't value themselves
is forced on by the rules of the society of civilized men.
"The only person you are destined to become is the person you decide to be."
"Creativity is from intelligence having fun."
Q5. Why does the author emphasize on developing one's own individuality?
The author emphasizes on developing one's own individuality because they believe that it is essential for personal
growth and fulfillment. According to the author, individuals who do not develop their own individuality are forced to
conform to the expectations and opinions of others, leading to a lack of self-esteem and a sense of unfulfillment. When
an individual develops their own individuality, they are able to define their own values, beliefs, and goals. This allows
them to live a life that is authentic to them, rather than one that is based on external expectations. Developing one's
own individuality also allows individuals to discover their own unique talents and strengths, and to use them to
contribute to society in a meaningful way.
"Imitation is suicide,"
Q6. How can a person be happy according to the author?

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The author of "Self-Reliance" argues that happiness comes from developing one's own individuality and embracing
their true nature. This involves breaking free from the constraints of society and following one's own path. Self-
reliance is also emphasized as important in achieving happiness, as is being present in the moment and finding joy in
everyday experiences. When individuals are true to themselves, self-reliant, and find joy in the present moment, they
can experience a sense of inner peace and fulfillment. Overall, the author suggests that happiness comes from living a
life that is authentic to oneself, taking responsibility for one's own choices, and finding joy in the present moment.
"Be happy he bright, be you.”
07. "What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think." Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons?
I agree to this statement up to a certain degree, Individuals should prioritize their own values, beliefs, and goals over
the opinions of others to develop their own sense of identity and purpose. However, it’s important to recognize that
our actions and decisions can impact others, so it's crucial to consider the consequences of our actions on those around
us and act with empathy and compassion. Our thoughts and beliefs are shaped by society, so it's important to examine
our own assumptions and biases Overall, it's important to balance prioritizing one's own values with consideration for
others, and critical sell-reflection.
“Only humility will lead us to unity, and unity will lead to peace.”
Q8. What kind of changes does a society undergo according to the author?
Society undergoes continual changes, but according to the author of "Self-Reliance," these changes are not always for
the better. Society acquires new arts but loses old Instincts. While civilization may bring material progress, it comes at
a cost: the loss of our aboriginal strength. The author contrasts the well-clad, civilized man with a naked savage and
notes that while the former has tools and technology, the latter has retained his physical health and strength. Thus,
society neither advances nor recedes; it is constantly changing, and for everything that is gained, something is lost.
Q9. Write a brief summary of the arguments presented in the text?
"Self-Reliance" by Ralph Waldo Emerson is an essay that emphasizes the Importance of individualism and self-
reliance. The essay argues that individuals should trust their own instincts and beliefs, rather than relying on the
opinions and conventions of society. Emerson encourages individuals to reject conformity and to pursue their own
paths in life. He believes that true greatness comes from being true to oneself, rather than seeking validation and
approval from others. The essay also highlights the importance of nonconformity, creativity, and originality. Emerson
argues that individuals should embrace their own unique talents and perspectives, rather than imitating others or
following the crowd. Finally, Emerson emphasizes that self-reliance requires courage, as it often means going against
the norms and expectations of society.
“Self-reliance only brings you peace.”
QUOTATIONS:
NOTE: These can interchange according to the question asked.
Ralph Waldo Emerson:
 "My life is for itself and not for a spectacle
 "I like the silent church before the service begins, better than any preaching."
 "Society is a wave. The wave moves onward, but the water of which it is composed does
 "Do your work, and I shall know you. Do your work, and you shall reinforce yourself."
 "All men plume themselves on the improvement of society, and no man improves."
 "The civilized man has built a coach, but has lost the use of his feet."
 "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and
divines."
 "God will not have his work made manifest by cowards."
 "Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist"
 "Evil is ignorance."

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 CHAPTER NO. 7
Voyage to city of lions
Introduction:
The chapter "A voyage to the city of lion" was taken from a travelogue of Altaf Shaikh. In this travelogue he describes
his visit to Singapore, the city of lions as he describes it, here he describes all about the place and the people with the
cultures and values.
Q1. What is the geographical location of Singapore city?
From a geographical perspective, Singapore is located at a maritime crossroad where almost every ship sailing to or
from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean or the South China Sea anchors here.
Q2. What are barged and how are these operated?
A barge is a kind of cargo-carrying vessel designed to transport passengers or goods through rivers or canals Barges
don't have a motor or engine and don't move independently. Instead, they move with the help of a towboat or a
tugboat. They are flat-bottomed, and used on lakes, throughout canals, at seaports, and of course, across Inland
waterways.
Q3. How is Singapore connected to Malaysia?
The two countnes are connected by the Johor-Singapore Causeway and the Tuas Second Link. The Second Link is a
bridge connecting Singapore and Johor, Malaysia. In Singapore, it is officially known as the Tuas Second Link.
Q4. Describe briefly the significance of Singapore port?
The Port of Singapore, which provides services and facilities. for ships to dock, load and unload goods, has always
been a key contributor to Singapore's economy and growth. From the early days of modern Singapore as a small town
with a harbor on the river banks, the port has expanded and grown into what it is today - a transshipment hub with
connections to a vast number of ports around the world. The Port of Singapore is now the world's second busiest port
in terms of container volume.
Q5. What are reasons for prosperity of Singapore in spite of very little area?
The true key of Singapore's success lies in its efficient and honest government, the country had become one of the
world's most prosperous nations, with a highly developed free market economy and strong international trading links.
It now has the highest per capita gross domestic product in Asia, which is 7th in the world.
Q6. How is Singapore one of the attractive areas for tourists?
The city is attractive for tourists because of shopping, beautiful places and very cheap rates. The city environment,
cleanliness amuses the people, they stay in hotels but eat meals in small restaurants and enjoy east and west cuisine.
Q7. How does Singapore keep itself clean?
Singapore is recognized as the 'Mr. Clean of the world. The spirit of cleanliness is present in everyone, from children
to elders. Besides, the government is also strict in the matter of cleanliness. Large fines are imposed on small
transgressions: fifty dollars for spitting, and huge penalties or even jail terms for littering on roads. Garbage bins are
placed in every nook and corner. There is minimal noise and air pollution. Laws are strict, and the police force is
honest.
Q8. Describe any four interesting aspects of Singapore?
 It's a city of not just one island, but 64
 It's home to the world's first night zoo It's acity of (man-made) waterfalls
 The locals speak Singlish, not just English
 It's one of the world's greenest cities
 The Lion City may actually have been inspired by a tiger

15
Q9. Why is Singapore called the fusion of the East and the West?
Singapore appears to be the place in Asia that bridges the East and the West perfectly. Business seems to run smoothly
in the city-state that's cleaner and better organized and regulated than most Western financial centers.

16
 CHAPTER NO. 8
Choosing Career
Q1. What are the differences between a job and a career?
There is a huge difference between a job and a career. A career is not merely a Job; there is much more to it. A job is
the work one does to earn money. It may be full-time to make a living or a part time to support a student during the
academic term. It is a short-term strategy and does not necessarily require professional degree or future planning. On
other hand, a career is a long-term journey based on one's passions, future growth. And personal advancement. For a
career, one needs a certain level of education, a professional degree, or, at least a definite skill set.
"The best way to predict future is to create it".
Q2. Why should you choose a career that interests you?
The first thing we should do while choosing a career is to make sure it interests us. Something which brings us
Satisfaction and happiness. We will be more successful, fulfilled and productive if we are enthusiastic about on our
chosen path. If we feel that we are passionate about science or astronomy or business, then struggle for it without
caring what others choice. Every field offers potential growth, success and satisfaction if we excel in it by putting our
heart and soul into it.
"Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life."
(Confucius)
Q3. What causes de-motivation in career?
Many students choose a particular field based on prevailing social trends, the insistence of family, peer pressure, or
lack of information about other choices, not because of their genuine interest in that field. Ultimately, after some time,
they find no motivation to continue. In the long run, this lack of motivation leads to dissatisfaction and negative
emotional experience. Every field offers potential growth, success and satisfaction. If we excel in it by putting our
heart and soul into it.
"Success is how high you bounce when you hit bottom."
(General George Patton).
Q4. What are the examples of personal valves given in the text?
everyone has certain personal values which mold his or her preferences. For some, it is independence and for others, it
is recognition or leadership. Some wish to help humanity, and others desire intellectual, Scientific or artistic
achievements. Your career decision should correspond and complement your valves. Suiting type and matching your
personality type.
"Values are like fingerprints. Nobodies are the same, but you leave them all over everything you Nobody's does."
(Elvis Presley)
Q5. What is the difference between an extroverted person and an introvert person? Extroversion and introversion refer
to where people receive energy from. Extroverts are energized by socializing in larger groups of people shaving many
friends, instead of a few intimate ones. An extroverted person finds a social, customer-oriented workplace appealing.
In contrast, introverts are energized by spending time alone or with a smaller group of friends. An introverted person
maybe more at ease in a career that requires less social interaction and more independent analytical tasks.
"Quiet people have the loudest minds."
(Stephen Hawking)
Q6. What are the core skills required for? A charted accountant and a visual artist?

17
If we aspire to be a chartered accountant, good of knowledge of accountant, study of computational algorithms and
logical skills should be needed. The other core skills required to be chartered accountant are strong communication
and interpersonal Skills, good analytical and problem-solving skills, ability to work well in a team, excellent time-
management skills and Commercial awareness. If a person Interested in the visual arts. He should be creative and
artistic-attributes that can be displayed through his work. He should have artistic talents determination and
commitment, self-belief and good visual communication skills.
Q7. What is an its aptitude test? How does it help in choosing a career?
An aptitude test helps students to understand the area of interest and strengths better. It provides clarity to the students
on which career path is most suited based on their skill sets. Aptitude test are designed to determine an individual's
skill or ability to succeed in a particular field. Every career option requires a particular aptitude test that should match
with the individual's potential ability to grow with that career it helps in shaping up the life that we want to create.
Aptitude test plays an important role in choosing career.
"Your attitude not your aptitude will determine your altitude."
(Zig Ziglar)
Q8. Why is it necessary to consult a veteran of the field before choosing a career?
It is always helpful to talk to someone who has experience in the career you want to peruse. By consulting a veteran of
the field, may gain valuable insight into the particular field's expectations, procedures, difficulties and rewards. For
example, if we want to select the field of military force then we should talk to an army officer or visit a recruitment
center to know more about life in the forces and the demanding selection criteria.
Q9. How can a professional career counsellor help you?
Professional career counsellor helps us. To choose our career and may also guide through the admission process with
suggestions for suitable institutions, methods to obtain scholarships or inform of the eligibility criteria of financial aid.
A professional career counsellor also helps to you determine strengths and weaknesses of candidate, identifies career
choices according to student interest. He also provides educational support and guidance of the field.
"Develop a mentor at each stage of your career - someone who will give you guidance and advice".
Q10. Why is it wiser to have a backup plan?
However, some times, despite our genuine efforts, we are unable to achieve our goals. It is also necessary to remain
realistic about other potential opportunities and have a backup plan. This does not mean giving up on your dreams.
Instead, it simply means to have a serious retrospection, and if required, redesign your goals, it also means reviewing
of your strategy and making an effort with new vigor, more experienced, and first-hand insight.
"Life is a sea of opportunities; explore these opportunities.”

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 CHAPTER NO. 9
Pearls Of Wisdom
Introduction:
"Pearls of wisdom" is a collection Shaikh Saadi's works, who was a major Persian poet and prose writer of the
medieval period. In this collection he has number of lessons on humanity and life in general. These lessons are about
patience, desires, values, fear etc.
Q1. What did the wealthy man ask the poor brother and what was his reply?
The wealthy man asked his brother, "Why don't you serve the Sultan?" They wouldn't have to work so hard." The
brother replied, "Why don't you work hard, then you don't have to bear so much humiliation?" It is better to work hard
and eat and sit in peace in your home than to stand in service of someone with a golden belt around your waist
Q2. Why could the slave not be pacified even though he was in the same boat with the King?
Despite being with the king in the same boat, the slave was scared because he had never seen the sea all never traveled
in a boat before.
Q3. What did the wise men do to make the slave realize about the security of the boat?
To make the slave realize the security of the boat, the wise men threw the slave into the water and, after a while,
pulled him back into the boat. After sinking into the water, he realized the security and comfort of the boat and sat in
the boat calmly.
Q4- What kind of virtue did the sage want to teach his students?
The sage wanted to teach his students the value of skill because he believed that skill is wealth.
Q5-How does a professional Man earn respect according to the Sage? According to the Sage, even if all the wealth of
a skilled man is taken away, he does not become poor because skill is wealth in itself, and a skilled man gets respect
everywhere due to his skill.
Q6- Who is lucky and unlucky according to the maxim?
According to the maxim lucky is he, who earns wealth and accumulates it for the hereafter and, unlucky is he, who
accumulates wealth only in this world and dies and has nothing for the hereafter.
Q7-Confide not to a friend every secret thou possess. How to know you that he will not sometime become thy foe.
How far do you agree and why?
I agree with that; we should never share any of our secrets with anyone, including our best friends, because people
change and sometimes situations change. Our best friend can turn into our worst enemy tomorrow, and at that time he
can use our secrets against us. So always remember that you are your own best friend.
Q8-Identity the maxim which reflects the value of a real thing never fades or
This maxim reflects the fact that the value of the real thing never fades or shatters. Even after falling into the raid, a
jewel retains its value, and dust, although it may rise into the sky, is as contemptible as before. Capacity without
education is deplorable, and education without capacity is thrown away.
"Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens."
“To acquire knowledge, one must study but to acquire wisdom, one must observe."
Q9- What kind of suggestion did Imam Ghazali give to the people?
Imam Ghazali suggested that you should not be ashamed to ask about things that you don't know and always seek
knowledge.

19
Q10- Which tale from the above texts did you like the most and why?
This is the tale I like most.
Thread a wise man saying that no one has ever made a con/@lon of his own folly except he who begins speaking,
whilst another has not yet finished his talk.
Words have a head, O shrewd man, and a tall.
Do not insert thy words between words of others.
The possessor of deliberation, intelligence and shrewdness
Does not say a word till he sees silence.
Like this tale because it tells us that only a fool interrupt other while speaking. He also stops people from sharing the
pearl of wisdom that might come at the end of their story. This tale teaches us the importance of patience and silence
and tells us that a wise man does not interrupt during the conversation

20
 English XI: Poem

INDEX
S.NO POEM PAGE NO.
1 Don’t Quit 22
2 Ozymandias 23
3 Good Timber 25
4 Sur khahori 27

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 POEM NO. 1
Don't Quit
Introduction:
The poem "Don't Quit" is written by Edgar A. Guest. In this poem he tells us to never give up and to never quit despite
the hardships faced in life. Learn from the failures and move forward with great ambition.
"It's when things seem worst that you mustn't quit"
Q1. What is the poet's message in the first stanza?
The first stanza tells us that life is full of tough times and life my go downhill at some point. These misfortune in life
are inevitable and will certainly happen to the best of us. The only thing we should have at that time of hardship is the
hope to never quit. One can take a break but not quit.
"Rest, if you must, but don't quit"
Q2. Write the central idea of the poem. OR what is the message of the poem?
The central idea is clear from the name of the poem to not quit even when the times are tough. Life is challenging and
sometimes harsh and that is simply what the truth is. Things might seem slow and but often the goal is closer that it
seems. Failure is a part of success and just success turned Inside out. All in all, never lose hope and fight through for
the victor's cup.
“Success is not final, failure is not fatal, it is the courage to continue that counts."
03. Discuss how the poem helps the reader to be optimistic in every situation. Or what effect does the poem create on
the reader?
The poem sparks a fire in the heart of the reader which makes him strive towards his goals and objectives. The reader
wishes to achieve something big and to know about the difficulties beforehand. It establishes optimism in the reader's
mind to not quit in hard times helping them to prevail and prosper in life and develops a sense of victory after they
start believing in themselves and that the hardships will pass.
"Optimism is the courage, if it, not naive"
Q4. Why does the poet term life 'queer with twist and turns?
In this poem life is called strange and odd by the use of the word 'queer and even spoiled with its twist and turns. This
line defines life in such ways as having many unpredicted turns, referring to the difficulties and hardships we have to
face in life. Life is full of troubles lurking around in the shadows. These troubles and mishaps are unforeseen and no
one knows when they might come in one's life.
Q5. What is the benefit of not quitting as suggested in the poem?
The benefit to not quit I that the goals and ambitions one sets in life are achieved and there is no hopelessness which
leads to pessimistic thoughts. We will definitely succeed in life if we don't quit
"Success is failure turned inside out"
“Life has got all those twists and turns you've got to hold tight and off you go.”

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 POEM NO.2
Ozymandias
Introduction:
The poem 'Ozymandias' is written by Percy Bysshe Shelley which is about how a person's respect and power is
forgotten over time and only thing remain is the legacy. Ozymandias is the Greek name given to the pharaoh
Ramesses il and Percy Bysshe Shelly wrote about the broken statue of Ozymandias.
"Our dead are never dead to us, until we have forgotten them"
Q1. What did the traveler see in the desert and whom he told about it?
The traveler is talking to the poet herself and he describes a statue which was broken in the middle of the desert. He
tells the poet about the condition of the statue, that it was utterly alone in the desert and was in bad condition. It was
nearly sunken in sand and had a shattered face with a fearsome look which depicts it being that of someone cold.
“Pride is the trap of ego pleasure.”
Q2. How can you say the sculptor was a great artist?
The sculptor was a great artist is visible by the great about of detail the statue holds onto itself. The frown and the
wrinkled lip in the face of the shattered statue shows the expression the person used to have in their life and the kind
of ruler they were. The face shows the ruler being cold hearted.
Q3. What was written on the pedestal of the statue of Ozymandias?
The pedestal had the name of the king and his pride. The phrase 'King of kings' on the statue declares his power on the
world which he rules with great pride. It also says to look at the king's might and despair. Nothing remains of which he
was and all of the colossal wreck has now been in dust and decay, nothing of his might is now seen but the lone sand.
“Every block of stone has a statue inside it and it is the task of the sculptor to discover it."
“self-centered people have only one topic to talk about … Themselves."
Q4. What is meaning of the phrase in the poem "the heart that fed"?
The phrases tell us that in making the face, the sculptor's skilled hands mocked up a perfect recreation of those
feelings and of the heart that fed those feelings and, in the process, so perfectly conveyed the subject's cruelty that the
statue itself seems to be mocking its subject.
"The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed,"
Q5 What is ironic about the fate of Ozymandias?
Once the king of king, Ozymandias was known for being the ruler of the world and have great power, pride and
fortune. No one was able to defeat his might and nothing stood in his ways. He was in some sorts immortal at the time
impenetrable by anyone but now all remains is the name, even the statue is broken and he can't do anything about it.
This is the irony in the fate of Ozymandias.
"Fate, it seems, is not without a sense of Irony."
Q6. What is the message of the poem?
The main message taken from the poem is that death is inevitable along with which everything is taken away. All
power is temporary, no matter how prideful or tyrannical a ruler is Ramesses 11/Ozymandias was one of the ancient
world's most powerful rulers. Therefore, one should not forget what he is and not be prideful towards the world.
"Pride breaks a person from inside out"
07. The proud Ozymandias lies forgotten in the desert. Comment.

23
In the inscription on the pedestal, Ozymandias calls himself the "king of kings while also implying that his "works"
will be unsurpassed and remembered for eternity. The proud Ozymandias thinks highly of himself and of what he has
achieved, both politically and artistically. The statue is a symbol of Ozymandias's ambition, pride, and absolute power.
The value derived from the poem is that kingdoms and political regimes will eventually crumble, leaving no trace of
their existence except, perhaps, broken monuments
"Fate, it seems, is not without a sense of irony."

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 POEM NO. 3
Good Timber
Introduction:
The poem "Good Timber" is written by Douglas Malloch. This poem is about struggle, fulfilment and nature. The
poem outlines two types people: those who have all they need, and those who must struggle for survival with
metaphorically using Trees and natural phenomenon.
"The stronger the wind, the stronger the tree"
Q1. What is the significance of the title of the poem?
The significance of the title of the poem "Good Timber" is that we should struggle hard which is necessary to live a
good and full life. There are those people who readily give up everything they need to survive on the other hand there
are those two who must fight from their birth to survive. Their broken branches and scares are the evidence of their
struggle which made them the forest king.
"Good timber does not grow with ease,"
Q2. What happens to the people who work hard? According to Malloch in his poem "Good Timber," people who work
hard grow strong and resilient, like good timber. He argues that just as good timber is not cut down by a single blow of
an axe, but rather by many, so too is a person's strength and character developed through the challenges they face and
overcome in life. The poem suggests that those who are willing to put in the hard work and effort to overcome
obstacles will become sturdy and durable, able to withstand the tests of time and adversity. These individuals are
likened to "the tree that never yields to the breeze" and are admired for their strength and resilience.
"If there is no struggle, there is no progress."
Q3. How can one achieve one's true potential in life according to the poem?
A person can achieve his true potential only when he faces hardships, difficulties and tough times with courage and
determination According to the poet, a man becomes strong when encounters and overcomes adversity in life.
Hardships, unfavorable conditions, difficult situations polish our abilities and capabilities thus, help us in becoming
good human beings. A person does not become strong if he gets everything easily without putting in hard work.
Douglas compares good timber with men as timber has to bear harsh winds, rain, sunshine, and snow to become good
and beneficial, same is the case with men
"And they hold counsel with the stars Whose broken branches shows the scars"
Q4. Why does the poet suggest people to be like good timber?
The poet suggests people to be like good timber because they are strong, durable, and able to withstand the challenges
of life. In the poem "Good Timber," the speaker compares the process of becoming strong and resilient to the process
of cutting down a tree. Just as good timber is not cut down by a single blow of an axe, but rather by many, so too is a
person's strength and character developed through the challenges they face and overcome in life. The poet suggests
that those who are willing to put in the hard work and effort to overcome obstacles will become sturdy and durable,
able to withstand the tests of time.
“Good timber does not grow with ease,"
Q5. Which poetic devices are used in the poem?
'Good Timber Malloch makes use of several literary devices. These include but are not limited to metaphors,
alliteration, and enjambment. This entire poem is one extended metaphor comparing trees to human beings. The tree
mentioned in the first stanza represents someone who has never had to fight for anything in their life. This man had
more than enough "sun and sky and air and light." Although this initially seems like a good thing, the speaker turns the
text in a different direction. These flourishing "trees" or coddled people do not live good, or even full, lives. They are

25
often struck down and come to death as "scrubby things." This type of person is contrasted with one who "does not
grow with ease." Their life might be rougher, but they are made of "Good timber."
Q6. Write central idea of the poem.
The central idea of the poem "Good Timber" is that struggle is necessary to live a full life. Those who live through the
hardship of life, face storms, and adversities in life are blessed with real potential, tolerance, and brought vision which
are the best rewards for struggle. hard work and perseverance can help individuals to develop strength and resilience,
just like good timber that can withstand the forces of nature. The poem suggests that those who are willing to put in
the effort and overcome obstacles will become sturdy and durable, able to withstand the tests of time and adversity.
“There is a frightful interval between the Feed and the timber."
OR
"Where there is no struggle, there is no strength."

26
 POEM NO. 4
Sur Khahori
Introduction:
The poem "Sur Khahori" is written by the Famous Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai. Shah Abdul Latif was a Sindhi Sufi
scholar, mystic, saint, poet, philosopher, tourist and musician. Khahori means wandering ascetics or those who search.
This Sur contains the verses on wandering life of ascetic.
"Khahoris prepared early to depart, Searching in the rocks, reduced to bones they are,"
Q1. How is Khahori's character depicted by the poet?
The poet has mentioned the character of Khahori as pious and the one who is only in the search of truth. Khahori
travels place to place and suffer through many hardships in order to reach at his destination. They are not misled; in
fact, they lit the fire where not any trace of birds is seen. Writer called them true seekers and they are only known to
those who has spiritual realms.
Q2. How do the Khahori's experience sleep?
In his sleep Khahoris saw those people who had seen their beloved (truth). He further experienced that we should have
to spend night with such people who lived with God. The recognition of such people is like a boat in the ocean,
They never experience restful sleep. They wander and totally absorbed in search and possess nothing except their
steadfastness and determination.
Q3. Where and why do Khahori's spend their days and nights?
Khahoris usually spend their days and nights in the rocks, jungles and other unknown places where native people are
hesitant to go. The purpose of spending their time at such places is to search for truth, to make their God pleased with
them.
Q5. What reward does a Khahori get after his hard work?
After his struggle Khahori is rewarded with the eternal truth for whom he was seeking. They saw their beloved and
spent nights with God.
Q6. Sur Khahori is the narration of Khahori's struggle. Elaborate.
This is sur of Khahori is based on the struggle of Khahori because Shah Latif has mentioned many examples of their
struggles, For example, "searching in rocks, reduced to bones they are", "Giving so much trouble to their bodies",
"their faces are dry, on their feet are slippers old and torn"

27
 PLAY (SCENE 1, II & III)
A Visit To A Small Planet
Introduction:
"A Visit to Small Planet" is a sci-fi comedy by Gore Vidal, Kreton, an alien, mistakenly lands it Manassas, Virginia,
almost a century after the Civil War. He decides to stay and starts his own war for fun
QL. What is ironic about Spelding's broadcast in the beginning of the play?
At the beginning of the play, Spelding comments about the controversy of an unidentified flying object orbiting
around the earth. He claims that it is not a secret weapon nor a spaceship, emphasizing on the spaceship as not more
than a lunatic idea. Furthermore, there is no planet capable of inhabitance and that humans will be the first to travel in
space. Later, ironically, the flying object turned out to be a spaceship with a much intelligent alien arriving in his own
backyard falsifying his claims. His denial of the flying object ironical made it land in his own property for him to set
with his own eyes.
"if any travelling is to be done in space, we will do it first"
Q2. Why is Spelding unhappy about the relationship between Ellan and John?
Spelding claims that John was not an ambitious man and lacks the strength of will and determination Spelding's views
about John weren't so pleasing, to accept him as his son-in-law. He wanted for his daughter a man who was hard at
work, someone who has things figured out in life instead of sitting around hopelessly without resolve this can be seen
when Spelding said:
"He has every virtue except the most important one: he has no get-up-and-go
Q3. Why did Kreton want to visit earth?
Kreton was a visitor from an interstellar world far from that of earth. He came to earth merely for his own interest. He
merely studied earth and the development of human race on n as a hobby His favorite time period to was that of the
late 20 century as it was the early industrialization era.
Q4. How is Kreton able to communicate with the people on earth?
First it seems that Kreton knows how to communicate in English but no one wondered how he was able to speak
English despite not being from earth it was later revealed, after confronting wan general power that Kreton had
learned all of the languages spoken on earth, it was eager for him to learn these languages as he replied to General
power's question
"Yes, all of them. But it's easier than you might think since I can see what's inside”
Q5. Describe the reaction of different characters to Kreton's visit?
Each character after seeing the spaceship were scared and curious at the same time, however, the views changed after
seeing Kreton. Their reactions were uniquely different from one another. First of all, Roger Spelding's was excited to
meet the new visitor and was quite welcoming towards Kreton, Mr. Spelding found him quite handsome but cared less
as she was more worried about her rose garden. Ellan and John wondered about his nationality and the purpose of his
visit Later in the story Kreton meets general powers who thought of him as a joker and didn't believe he was an alien
at all
Q6. Why is General Powers paranoid about Kreton's visit?
General power was having a hard time believing Kreton as an alien and didn't trust his intentions for visiting earth. He
was paranoid to understand the reason for his visit and where he was from. He thought that the alien was lying and
was a threat to the world. He just didn't believe that Kreton was visiting earth just for a tour of the place but for
something else entirely. Moreover, his spaceship also used unfamiliar technology which made him even more
confused about his arrival.

28
07. What restrictions are imposed on Spelding's family?
As general powers talked to chief of staff on the telephone, he reveals that Roger Spelding's house was put under
martial law. Furthermore, when he talks to Spelding he says that no telephone calls or any communications to the
outdoors was prohibited and his orders must be obeyed until the final disposition of the problem.
Q8. What extraordinary powers does Kreton possess, and how does he exhibit these powers?
Kreton is a superman. He comes in a spaceship which does not have any equipment. It is a pilotless spaceship. Kreton
does not let General Powers' men destroy his spaceship. Besides this, Kreton proves that he can foresee future. He also
proves that he is much more knowledgeable and powerful than General Powers and other earthly creatures.
Q9. Why does Spelding want Kreton to stay?
He didn't actually want Kreton to stay, in fact Kreton asked Spelding if he'd like him to leave because of the troubles
caused by him due to the army. The initial response from Spelding was to allow Kreton to leave his household but due
to the warning gesture of general Powers, he asked him to stay. Due to this minor threat from the general, Spelding
asks him to stay a little while so as to leave a good impression.
Q10. Why did Kreton's friends consider him pervasive?
His friends thought of his as pervasive as he was interested in what seemed quite odd in their world. This was Kreton's
hobby of observing the human race on earth studying each aspect of the time periods. This weird hobby of his was
pervasive amongst his own people and friends, to be interested in a primitive society.
Q11. How does Kreton reveal that he does not have any favorable view of earthlings?
Kreton didn't criticize on the actions of humans, as he didn't like trading with humans but didn't stop them from doing
so. From this we know that he was only interested in observing them instead of favoring them in anyway.
Q12. How does Kreton foil General Power's attempts to confine him? General Powers was impressed to know that
Kreton had come in a flying saucer which is without instruments. He was impressed by the invisible wall raised
around him and his spaceship. Above all, he was startled to know about Kreton's ability to read minds. To prove his
ability, he tells him that he is thinking about his promotion right now. Kreton later makes it clear that the people of his
race were not at all interested in harming the humans on earth.
Q13. Who was aide? What is his role in the play?
Aide was the captain under general Powers and did what the general ordered him to do. He played the role of captain
who was ordered to check out the spaceship in Roger Spelding's backyard. He was there to described the appearance
of Kreton's spaceship.
Q14. How did Alde describe Kreton's spaceship? He said that it was elliptical with a fourteen feet diameter (width), It
was made of an unknown metal which shined. There was nothing inside the ship, no instruments, no food, no nothing.
Q15. Describe the main comic incidents of the play.
One of the primary sources of comedy in the play is Kreton's interactions with hum Kreton has a mischievous and
childlike personality, and he often confuses and baffles the people he encounters. For example, he misinterprets
common phrases and idioms, and he has difficulty understanding human emotions and behavior. Another source of
humor in the play is the contrast between Kreton's advanced technology and the primitive nature of human society.
Kreton has the ability to control time and space, but he is fascinated by the simplicity and absurdity of human life on
Earth. Overall, the main comic incidents of "Visit to a Small Planet" revolve around Kreton's Interactions with
humans, his alien perspective on human society, and the play's satirical commentary on American culture,
Q16. How is media depicted in the play?
In "Visit to a Small Planet," media is depicted as a powerful force that can shape public opinion and perpetuate
cultural values. The play features a television news anchor named Roger Spelding, who is portrayed as a manipulative
and cynical journalist. Spelding uses his position in the media to influence public opinion and advance his own

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interests. He is more concerned with ratings and sensationalism than with accuracy or journalistic ethics. For example,
he tries to exploit Kreton's alien presence for his own personal gain, rather than reporting on the event objectively.
Overall, the portrayal of media is critical of the ways in which media can be used to manipulate and control public
opinion, while also perpetuating harmful cultural values and stereotypes.
Q17. The play is a satire on American society. Discuss?
Visit to a Small Planet can certainly be read and enjoyed as a satirical chapter in the political and cultural biography of
the United States. The play examines (and pokes fun at) contemporary ideas about war and the fear of foreign
invasion. Vidal ridicules military bureaucracy and paranoia through General Powers, the influence of television on
American life with Roger Spelding, and, in general, the irrational, "primitive" impulses that often govern our lives.
Through the eyes of Kreton, an alien with little understanding of American life, Vidal is able to offer his viewers an
"objective look" at our society and attitudes-as well as a commentary on how odd (or even silly) these ideas and
attitudes may be.
Q18, How does the playwright expose the inferiority of the present race to that of the future?
Kreton represents the future age. He exposes the weakness of the present race by comparing them with an imaginary
race. The unknown race is scientifically advanced. They read the minds and control their emotions and thoughts. The
earth people are at its initial stage of development and are slaves of their emotions.
Q19. Describe the arrival of the flying saucer in our own words.
The flying saucer appears slowly and dissolves into the house of Mr. Spelding in Maryland. When it was first seen,
many opinions were formed about it. Some said that it was a spaceship while the authorities declared that it was a
meteor.
Q20. How much advanced is the civilization of Kreton than of earth? Kreton comes from some planet which is about
500 years advanced than that of the Earth in terms of time, space and relative motion. To him, the human civilization
appears to be fascinating and interesting only because it is in its initial stages of development. His mind and minds of
tils people work in superior ways, Moreover, his flying saucer, immense knowledge and extra ordinary powers also
assert the same point.
Q21. Why can the people of earth not compete with people of Kreton?
The people of Earth cannot compete with the people of Kreton in any aspect. Kreton's civilization is more advanced
and developed. According to him, the human civilization is in the initial stages of development Contrary to human
race, he his people do not die. His flying saucer, Immense knowledge and extraordinary powers are also asserting that
there is no comparison between both the civilizations
Q22. What type of life do you foresee in the year 50007 The message that is conveyed by the author is that the
altogether technological advancement with change the scenery of the world. People will be able to travel in space
Spaceships and advanced aircrafts will be seen all around. The scientific developments will also improve the mental
landscape of humans. They may be liberated from the evils of violence, hatred and enmity. By and large. people would
lead more satisfied, prosperous and contented lives
Q23. What are the literary elements used in the play and how they enhance the story?
The main character Kreton uses both implicit and explicit metaphors in his speech He refers to people as "poor fragile
butterflies such brief moments in the sun. He can even picture people's desires or longings, such as General Powers
polishing the extra stars on his sleeve in light of his "promotion”.
The other characters are more "down-to-earth" but incarnate stereotypes: John and Ellen, the wistful young couple,
Mrs. Spelding, the finnicky domestic housewife: Mr. Spelding, the opportunist social striver; General Powers, the
hawkish military professional. This is appropriate as the play as satire or more specifically, a comedy of manners.

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