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SEMIOTICS AND STRUCTURALISM

The document discusses semiotics and structuralism, highlighting key figures such as Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Pierce, who contributed to the understanding of signs and their relationships within cultural contexts. It outlines the concepts of text and discourse, emphasizing their structural and relational aspects in communication. Additionally, it presents various theories from notable scholars like Volodymyr Propp, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Umberto Eco, focusing on the structural analysis of narratives and the role of the reader in meaning-making.

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27 views22 pages

SEMIOTICS AND STRUCTURALISM

The document discusses semiotics and structuralism, highlighting key figures such as Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Pierce, who contributed to the understanding of signs and their relationships within cultural contexts. It outlines the concepts of text and discourse, emphasizing their structural and relational aspects in communication. Additionally, it presents various theories from notable scholars like Volodymyr Propp, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Umberto Eco, focusing on the structural analysis of narratives and the role of the reader in meaning-making.

Uploaded by

manya.18012
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SEMIOTICS

&
STRUCTURALISM

DIF-114
Semiotics
Science of sign systems.

The object of semiotic research is all


areas of cultural activity, which can be
considered as a system of signs,
organized in accordance with cultural
codes and the process of meaning-
making.
Ferdinand de Saussure
(1857 - 1913)

the double nature of the sign


Ferdinand de Saussure
 the basis of language are not the
elements of language, but the
relationship between them
 the sign has a dual essence (form and
content)
 the connection between form and
content is conditional
 signifying (form) is constructed linearly
Charles Pierce
(1839-1914)

semiotics
Charles Pierce

 sign
 object
 interpreter
Structuralism

The field of knowledge, which is based


on system-structural analysis.
 sign
text
discourse
Text
In a broad sense, it is a structure
consisting of elements of meaning,
unity of these elements and the
expression of this unity.
In the narrow sense, - the unity of
language signs, organized according
to the norms of this language and are
carriers of information.
Discourse
The totality of expressions related to a particular
problem is considered in mutual relations with this
problem, and also in mutual relations between
them. The units of discourse are specific
statements that function in real historical, social
and cultural conditions, and in their content and
structure reflect the time aspect, the interactions
between the partners that create this type of
discourse, as well as the space in which it occurs,
the meanings that it has creates, uses, reproduces
or transforms.
Volodymyr Propp
(1895-1970)

the morphology of the fairy tale


Volodymyr Propp
The Beginning of Structuralism: "The
morphology of the fairy tale" (1928).
The syntactic level of the text
considers internal relations between
signs; semantic - between signs and
what they mean; pragmatic - between
signs and those who perceive them.
Claude Levy-Strauss
(1908-2009)

radical structure
Claude Levy-Strauss
The structure is a certain system, which consists of
such elements, that the change of one of them
entails the change of all others. Secondly, any
model belongs to a sequence of transformations,
each of which corresponds to models of the same
type, so that a certain number of these
transformations creates a group of models. Third,
the above properties allow predict how the model
will react to change one of the elements that make
up it. Finally, the model should be designed in
such a way that its application encompasses all
the phenomena under study.
Jean Piaget
(1896-1980)

tasks of different structure for children


Jean Piaget
The structure can be defined as a model adopted
in linguistics, mathematics, logic, physics, biology,
etc., if it meets the following three conditions:
a) integrity - the subordination of the elements of the
whole and the independence of the latter;
b) self-regulation - the internal functioning of rules
within the given system;
c) transformation - an orderly transition from one
substructure to another.
Roland Barthes
(1915-1980)

non-radical structure
Roland Barthes
A structural person takes reality and dissociates it, and
then reunites the dismembered; at first glance, this
seems to be irrelevant. However, from another point of
view it turns out that this trivia is decisive, because in the
gap between these two objects, or two phases of
structuralist activity, something new is born (...).
The model is an intelligence added to the subject, and
this application has anthropological significance in the
sense that it manifests itself as a person, his/her history,
its situation, its freedom, and even the contradiction that
nature makes to his/her mind.
Yuri Lotman
(1922-1993)

semiotics of culture
Yuri Lotman
 culture is a collection of texts,
or a complex text
 primary and secondary
modeling systems
 culture is the generator of the
structurnity
Umberto Eco
(1932-2016)

over-interpretation
Umberto Eco
 open work (from the age of
Baroque) - "by plan" and "internally
open"
 ideal reader
 textual cooperation
 over-interpretation
 threats of hyperreality
Umberto Eco
 involvement of the reader in
the generating of a textual
meaning
 the denial of his right to
"paranoid interpretation"

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