Task 1

Implement c++ code to write a swap() function using Pass by Value and
Pass by Reference-How can you implement a swap function in C++ using
pass by value?-Can you illustrate how to implement a swap function in C+
+ using pass by reference?

CODE:
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int swap(int &x, int &y)

int t;

t=x;

x=y;

y=t;

int main()

int a,b;

cout<<"enter 2 values: ";

cin>>a>>b;

cout<<" ---values before swap: "<<a<<" and "<<b<<endl;

swap(a,b);

cout<<"---values after swap: "<<a<<" and "<<b<<endl;

Task 2

Write a class called quadrilateral. Your task is to store the length of all the
sides of the quadrilateral and the value of the 2 opposite angles within the
quadrilateral. Then implement member functions:
  To compute the area of the quadrilateral.
 To compute the parameter of the quadrilateral.
 A constant function that will display the length of all the sides, the
angles, the parameter of the quadrilateral and area of the
quadrilateral.
 Create setter and getter methods.
 Demonstrate the use of the object in the main function. Make sure
that the function names are meaningful and self-descriptive.

CODE:
#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

class Quadrilateral {

private:

float side1, side2, side3, side4;

float angle1, angle2;

public:

void setSides(float s1, float s2, float s3, float s4) {

side1 = s1;

side2 = s2;

side3 = s3;

side4 = s4;

void setAngles(float a1, float a2) {

angle1 = a1;

angle2 = a2;

float getSide1() const { return side1; }

float getSide2() const { return side2; }

float getSide3() const { return side3; }

float getSide4() const { return side4; }

 float getAngle1() const { return angle1; }

float getAngle2() const { return angle2; }

float computePerimeter() const {

return side1 + side2 + side3 + side4;

float computeArea() const {

float s = computePerimeter() / 2;

float angle1_rad = angle1 * M_PI / 180.0;

float angle2_rad = angle2 * M_PI / 180.0;

float area = sqrt((s - side1) * (s - side2) * (s - side3) * (s - side4) -

side1 * side2 * side3 * side4 * cos((angle1_rad +

angle2_rad) / 2) *

cos((angle1_rad + angle2_rad) / 2));

return area;

void displayQuadrilateralDetails() const {

cout << "\nQuadrilateral Details:\n";

cout << "Sides: " << side1 << ", " << side2 << ", " << side3 << ",
" << side4 << " units"<<endl;

cout << "Angles: " << angle1 << "°, " << angle2 << endl;

cout << "Perimeter: " << computePerimeter() << " units"<<endl;

cout << "Area: " << computeArea() << " square units"<<endl;

};

int main() {

Quadrilateral quad;

quad.setSides(10, 12, 8, 14);

quad.setAngles(60, 70);

quad.displayQuadrilateralDetails();

return 0;
}

Task 3
Write a program that creates a class called arc. The data members of the
class are radius, angle and arc_length of the arc is provided. Write three
functions that set the respective values, and then write a single constant
function that will read the values. Demonstrate the use of the object in the
main function. Make sure that the function names are meaningful and self-
descriptive

CODE:
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Arc {

private:

float radius;

float angle;

float arc_length;

public:

void setRadius(float r) {

radius = r;

void setAngle(float a) {

angle = a;

void setArcLength(float length) {

arc_length = length;

void displayArcDetails() const {

cout << "\nArc Details:\n";

 cout << "Radius: " << radius << " units" << endl;

cout << "Angle: " << angle << " degrees" << endl;

cout << "Arc Length: " << arc_length << " units" << endl;

};

int main() {

Arc myArc;

myArc.setRadius(10.5);

myArc.setAngle(45.0);

myArc.setArcLength(8.2);

myArc.displayArcDetails();

return 0;

Task 4
Create a class . The data members of the class are IMEIno (int), Type
(String), Make (String), Modelno (int), Memory(float),
Operating_System(String). Then Implement member functions to: 1. Set
the values of all data members. 2. Display the values of all data member

CODE:
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Mobile {

private:

int IMEIno;

string Type;

string Make;

int Modelno;
 float Memory;

string Operating_System;

public:

void inputDetails() {

cout << "Enter IMEI Number: ";

cin >> IMEIno;

cout << "Enter Type (e.g., Smartphone/Feature Phone): ";

getline(cin, Type);

cout << "Enter Make (Brand): ";

getline(cin, Make);

cout << "Enter Model Number: ";

cin >> Modelno;

cout << "Enter Memory (GB): ";

cin >> Memory;

cout << "Enter Operating System: ";

getline(cin, Operating_System);

void displayDetails() {

cout << "\nMobile Details:\n";

cout << "IMEI Number: " << IMEIno << endl;

cout << "Type: " << Type << endl;

cout << "Make: " << Make << endl;

cout << "Model Number: " << Modelno << endl;

cout << "Memory: " << Memory << " GB" << endl;

cout << "Operating System: " << Operating_System << endl;

};

int main() {
 Mobile phone;

phone.inputDetails();

phone.displayDetails();

return 0;

Task 5
Create a class. that takes input marks from user and calculate the grade
as per the grading criteria. Make appropriate class functions and objects

CODE:
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

class beis5A {

public:

int x;

void intro() {

cout << "---this is a program to check the grade" << endl <<
endl;

void input() {

cout << "enter marks: ";

cin >> x;

void grade() {

if (x <= 100 && x >= 90)

cout << "grade A";

else if (x < 90 && x >= 80)

cout << "grade B";

else if (x < 80 && x >= 70)

 cout << "grade C";

else if (x < 70 && x >= 60)

cout << "grade D";

else if (x < 60 && x >= 0)

cout << "grade F";

else

cout << "---invalid input---enter marks between 0 - 100";

};

int main() {

beis5A b1, b2;

b1.intro();

b2.input();

b2.grade();

return 0;

Task 5
2.Pointers can hold the address of another variable and this is called
referencing the memory location. When we attempt to extract values from
a memory location then this is called dereferencing a pointer-What is the
significance of pointers in C++?-Define referencing a memory location in
the context of pointers.-Explain the concept of dereferencing a pointer
and its importance in C++

CODE:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void modifyValue(int* ptr) {

*ptr = 50;

void displayArray(int* arr, int size) {

cout << "Array elements using pointers: ";

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

cout << *(arr + i) << " ";

cout << endl;

int main() {

int num = 10;

int* ptr = &num;

cout << "Original value of num: " << num << endl;

cout << "Memory address of num: " << &num << endl;

cout << "Pointer ptr stores address: " << ptr << endl;

cout << "Dereferencing pointer (value at ptr): " << *ptr << endl;

*ptr = 20;

cout << "Modified value of num using pointer: " << num << endl;

modifyValue(&num);

cout << "Value after function call: " << num << endl;

int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

displayArray(arr, size);
 return 0;

Task 6

Create a structure course with some attributes i.e course_ID, course_title,

credit_hrs etc.. Then Implement following functions (Known as CRUDS
operations which means CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE, SEARCH
operations): 1. addAStudent 2. updateAStudent 3. deleteAStudent 4.
searchAndDisplayAStudent 5. displayAllstudents

CODE:
#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

struct Course {

int course_ID;

string course_title;
 int credit_hrs;

string student_name;

};

void addAStudent() {

Course c;

cout << "Enter Course ID: ";

cin >> c.course_ID;

cin.ignore();

cout << "Enter Course Title: ";

getline(cin, c.course_title);

cout << "Enter Credit Hours: ";

cin >> c.credit_hrs;

cin.ignore();

cout << "Enter Student Name: ";

getline(cin, c.student_name);

courses.push_back(c);

cout << "Student added successfully!\n";

void updateAStudent(int id) {

for (auto& c : courses) {

if (c.course_ID == id) {

cout << "Enter new Course Title: ";

getline(cin, c.course_title);

cout << "Enter new Credit Hours: ";

cin >> c.credit_hrs;

cin.ignore();
 cout << "Enter new Student Name: ";

getline(cin, c.student_name);

cout << "Student details updated!\n";

return;

cout << "Student with Course ID " << id << " not found!\n";

void deleteAStudent(int id) {

for (auto it = courses.begin(); it != courses.end(); ++it) {

if (it->course_ID == id) {

courses.erase(it);

cout << "Student record deleted successfully!\n";

return;

cout << "Student with Course ID " << id << " not found!\n";

void searchAndDisplayAStudent(int id) {

for (const auto& c : courses) {

if (c.course_ID == id) {

cout << "\nCourse ID: " << c.course_ID

<< "\nCourse Title: " << c.course_title

<< "\nCredit Hours: " << c.credit_hrs

<< "\nStudent Name: " << c.student_name << "\n";

return;

}
 cout << "Student with Course ID " << id << " not found!\n";

void displayAllStudents() {

if (courses.empty()) {

cout << "No students found!\n";

return;

for (const auto& c : courses) {

cout << "\nCourse ID: " << c.course_ID

<< "\nCourse Title: " << c.course_title

<< "\nCredit Hours: " << c.credit_hrs

<< "\nStudent Name: " << c.student_name << "\n";

int main() {

int choice, id;

do {

cout << "\n--- Student Course Management ---\n";

cout << "1. Add a Student\n";

cout << "2. Update a Student\n";

cout << "3. Delete a Student\n";

cout << "4. Search and Display a Student\n";

cout << "5. Display All Students\n";

cout << "6. Exit\n";

cout << "Enter your choice: ";

cin >> choice;

cin.ignore();

switch (choice) {

case 1: addAStudent(); break;

 case 2:

cout << "Enter Course ID to update: ";

cin >> id;

cin.ignore();

updateAStudent(id);

break;

case 3:

cout << "Enter Course ID to delete: ";

cin >> id;

deleteAStudent(id);

break;

case 4:

cout << "Enter Course ID to search: ";

cin >> id;

searchAndDisplayAStudent(id);

break;

case 5: displayAllStudents(); break;

case 6: cout << "Exiting program...\n"; break;

default: cout << "Invalid choice! Try again.\n";

} while (choice != 6);

return 0;

Task 7

After that, create an array of 5 courses in main function. Create a menu in

main function to enable user to select and perform the operations we
created above. Program must not exit until and unless user wants to do
so. Sample Menu: Main Menu-------------- Press 1 to add a Course Press 2 to
update a Course Press 3 to delete a Course Press 4 to search and display a
Course Press 5 to display all Courses Press e to exit the program

CODE:
#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

struct Course {

int course_ID;

string course_title;

int credit_hrs;

string instructor;

};

// Array of courses

Course courses[5];

int courseCount = 0; // Track the number of added courses

void addACourse() {

if (courseCount >= 5) {

cout << "Cannot add more courses. Maximum limit reached!\n";

return;

cout << "Enter Course ID: ";

cin >> courses[courseCount].course_ID;

cin.ignore();

cout << "Enter Course Title: ";

getline(cin, courses[courseCount].course_title);

cout << "Enter Credit Hours: ";

 cin >> courses[courseCount].credit_hrs;

cin.ignore();

cout << "Enter Instructor Name: ";

getline(cin, courses[courseCount].instructor);

courseCount++;

cout << "Course added successfully!\n";

void updateACourse() {

int id, index = -1;

cout << "Enter Course ID to update: ";

cin >> id;

cin.ignore();

for (int i = 0; i < courseCount; i++) {

if (courses[i].course_ID == id) {

index = i;

break;

if (index == -1) {

cout << "Course with ID " << id << " not found!\n";

return;

cout << "Enter new Course Title: ";

getline(cin, courses[index].course_title);
 cout << "Enter new Credit Hours: ";

cin >> courses[index].credit_hrs;

cin.ignore();

cout << "Enter new Instructor Name: ";

getline(cin, courses[index].instructor);

cout << "Course updated successfully!\n";

void deleteACourse() {

int id, index = -1;

cout << "Enter Course ID to delete: ";

cin >> id;

for (int i = 0; i < courseCount; i++) {

if (courses[i].course_ID == id) {

index = i;

break;

if (index == -1) {

cout << "Course with ID " << id << " not found!\n";

return;

for (int i = index; i < courseCount - 1; i++) {

courses[i] = courses[i + 1];

}
 courseCount--;

cout << "Course deleted successfully!\n";

void searchAndDisplayACourse() {

int id;

cout << "Enter Course ID to search: ";

cin >> id;

for (int i = 0; i < courseCount; i++) {

if (courses[i].course_ID == id) {

cout << "\nCourse ID: " << courses[i].course_ID

<< "\nCourse Title: " << courses[i].course_title

<< "\nCredit Hours: " << courses[i].credit_hrs

<< "\nInstructor: " << courses[i].instructor << "\n";

return;

cout << "Course with ID " << id << " not found!\n";

void displayAllCourses() {

if (courseCount == 0) {

cout << "No courses available!\n";

return;

for (int i = 0; i < courseCount; i++) {

cout << "\nCourse ID: " << courses[i].course_ID

<< "\nCourse Title: " << courses[i].course_title

 << "\nCredit Hours: " << courses[i].credit_hrs

<< "\nInstructor: " << courses[i].instructor << "\n";

int main() {

char choice;

do {

cout << "\n--- Course Management System ---\n";

cout << "1. Add a Course\n";

cout << "2. Update a Course\n";

cout << "3. Delete a Course\n";

cout << "4. Search and Display a Course\n";

cout << "5. Display All Courses\n";

cout << "e. Exit\n";

cout << "Enter your choice: ";

cin >> choice;

cin.ignore();

switch (choice) {

case '1': addACourse(); break;

case '2': updateACourse(); break;

case '3': deleteACourse(); break;

case '4': searchAndDisplayACourse(); break;

case '5': displayAllCourses(); break;

case 'e': cout << "Exiting program...\n"; break;

default: cout << "Invalid choice! Try again.\n";

} while (choice != 'e');

 return 0;

Task 8
.Write a C++ program that creates (in main function) an array of type int
having 6 elements. Now write a function called arr_avg( ) that will find the
average of all the elements of the array.-How can you create an array of
integers in C++?-Could you provide a C++ function to calculate the
average of elements in an array?-Can you demonstrate how to call the
function to find the average of elements in the created array?

CODE:
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

double arr_avg(int arr[], int size) {

double sum = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

sum += arr[i];

return sum / size;

int main() {

int numbers[6] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60};

double average = arr_avg(numbers, 6);

cout << "The average of the array elements is: " << average << endl;

return 0;

After that, create an array of 5 courses in main function. Create a menu in

main function to enable user to select and perform the operations we
created above. Program must not exit until and unless user wants to do
so. Sample Menu: Main Menu-------------- Press 1 to add a Course Press 2 to
update a Course Press 3 to delete a Course Press 4 to search and display a
Course Press 5 to display all Courses Press e to exit the program