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3Estimation of errors

The document outlines an experiment aimed at estimating errors in measuring the radius of a cylinder using a micrometer screw. It explains the types of errors (systematic and random), methods for calculating absolute, mean absolute, relative, and percentage errors, and provides a procedural guide for conducting the experiment. Additionally, it includes observation tables and questions for further analysis related to error estimation.

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takshtarsriya
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5 views

3Estimation of errors

The document outlines an experiment aimed at estimating errors in measuring the radius of a cylinder using a micrometer screw. It explains the types of errors (systematic and random), methods for calculating absolute, mean absolute, relative, and percentage errors, and provides a procedural guide for conducting the experiment. Additionally, it includes observation tables and questions for further analysis related to error estimation.

Uploaded by

takshtarsriya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Date : _________________

Experiment: 3:- Estimation of Error


Aim:-To study the estimation of error in the measurement of radius of cylinder.

Apparatus: - Solid cylinders, Micrometer Screw, Calculator etc

Theory:-

Error
The uncertainty in the measurement of a physical quantity is called an error.
The errors in measurement can be classified as (i) Systematic errors and (ii) Random errors
SYSTEMATIC ERRORS:
These are the errors that tend to be either positive or negative. Sources of systematic errors
are
(i) Instrumental errors
(ii) Imperfection in experimental technique or procedure
(iii) Personal errors

RANDOM ERRORS:
Those errors which occur irregularly. These errors arise due to unpredictable fluctuations
inexperimental conditions
Absolute error:- The magnitude of the difference between the individual measurement and
the true value of the quantity is called the absolute error of the measurement.

Mean Absolute Error:- The arithmetic mean of all the absolute errors is taken as the final or
mean absolute error of the value of the physical quantity a. It is represented by Δa mean

Relative error:- it is the ratio of the mean absolute error to the true value.

Relative error = Δa mean/ a mean


Percentage Error:- When the relative error is expressed in per cent, it is called the
percentage error (δa).
Percentage error =( Δa mean/ a mean) ×100
Procedure:-

1. Determine L.C and Zero error of the Micrometer Screw.


2. Measure and note the diameter of a given sizes of cylinder with help of Micrometer
Screw.

Applied Physics/ Physics Lab SSGP, Surat


Date : _________________

3. Calculate the radius of a given sizes of cylinder.


4. Calculate the value of Absolute error, Mean Absolute error, relative error and percentage
error for the measurements.

Observation: -

1. Least count of Micrometer Screw Gauge = ___________ cm

Observation table: -

Sr. Diameter Radius Mean r’ Absolute |∆𝒓| Mean Absolute


No. d (cm) r = d/2 (cm) cm error Δr = = |𝒓′ − 𝒓| error Δr’
r’-r cm = ∑ |∆𝒓|/𝒏

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Calculation:-
∆𝒓′
1. Relative Error = =
𝒓′

2. Percentage Error = 𝜹 𝒓 = [∆𝒓′/𝒓′] × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 =

Result :-

1. Percentage Error in measurement of radius of cylinder = cm


Conclusion:-

Precaution:-

1 A resistor has a marking as “470 Ω, 10%”? What will be the true value of resistor?
Ans

Applied Physics/ Physics Lab SSGP, Surat


Date : _________________

2 The refractive index (μ) of water is found to have the values 1.29, 1.33, 1.34, 1.35, 1.32,
1.36, 1.30 and 1.33. Calculate the mean value, absolute error, the relative error and the
percentage error.
Ans

3. Write types of errors.


Ans

Marks
Date & Sign

Applied Physics/ Physics Lab SSGP, Surat

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