Genetic Analysis – An Integrated Approach (2nd Ed) Chapter 2

3. Genotype ratios – AABb:AAbb:AaBb:Aabb = 1:1:1:1

Phenotype ratios – AB:Ab = 1:1

4.

5. C(5,3) x ½5 = 5/16

6. a. 4 (ABC, AbC, aBC, abC), 4 (ABC, ABc, AbC, Abc)

b & c. ¾ ABC, ¼ AbC (diagrams not shown)

7. a. 0.2-0.3

b. no

c. 18.31

9. a. both vg+ vg

b. 1/9

11. a. ¼

b. 9/16

c. 3/64

13. # expected = 207/4 = 51.75, chi-square = 0.362, p > 0.05

15. a. autosomal recessive

b. heterozygous (Aa) for all

c. 37/64

d. 1

e. 80/81
17. green inflated : yellow inflated : green constricted : yellow constricted = 1:1:1:1 (diagram
not shown)

18. a. axial inflated : axial constricted : terminal inflated : terminal constricted = 9:3:3:1

b. [Remark: It does not make much sense to self-pollinate plants with different pod shapes
(inflated and constricted) and then mix their progeny together and then calculate the
phenotypic ratios of mixed progeny. So, progeny phenotypic ratios obtained from self-
pollination of plants with different pod shapes are given separately below.]

Progeny from self-pollination of terminal, constricted plants: all terminal, constricted

Progeny from self-pollination of terminal, inflated plants: 1/6 terminal constricted, 5/6
terminal inflated

Details:
F2 progeny with terminal inflated phenotype include two genotypes, ttCC and ttCc,
in 1:2 ratio. In other words, 1/3 of terminal inflated F2 progeny is ttCC, and 2/3 is F2
ttCc.
ttCC self fertilization gives only ttCC,
ttCc self fertilization gives ¼ ttCC, ½ ttCc and ¼ ttcc
Taking into account of the proportions of ttCC (1/3) and ttCc (2/3) in terminal-
inflated F2 progeny,
proportion of F3 ttCC = 1/3 x 1+ 2/3 x ¼ = 1/2
Similarly,
proportion of F3 ttCc = 2/3 x ½ = 1/3
proportion of F3 ttcc = 2/3 + ¼ = 1/6
Since terminal inflated phenotype includes ttCC and ttCc,
proportion of F3 terminal inflated phenotype = proportion of F3 ttCC + proportion
of F3 ttCc = 1/2 + 1/3 = 5/6
Proportion of F3 terminal constricted phenotype = proportion of F3 ttcc = 1/6

To answer part (b) directly:

F2 progeny with terminal inflated phenotype include two genotypes, ttCC and ttCc, in
1:2 ratio. Whereas, terminal constricted phenotype corresponds to ttcc genotype only.
Overall, F2 progeny with terminal phenotype (terminal F2 progeny) include ¼ ttCC, ½
ttCc and ¼ ttcc.
ttCC self fertilization gives only ttCC,
ttCc self fertilization gives ¼ ttCC, ½ ttCc and ¼ ttcc,
ttcc self fertilization gives only ttcc.
F3 ttCC is the only product of F2 ttCC self fertilization, and ¼ product of F2 ttCc self
fertilization. Taking into account of the fact that F2 ttCC is ¼ of terminal F2 progeny and
F2 ttCc is ½ of terminal F2 progeny,
 proportion of F3 ttCC = ¼ x 1 + ½ x ¼ = 3/8
Similarly,
proportion of F3 ttCc = ½ x ½ = 1/4
proportion of F3 ttcc = ½ x ¼ + ¼ x 1 = 3/8
Since terminal inflated phenotype includes ttCC and ttCc,
proportion of F3 terminal inflated phenotype = proportion of F3 ttCC + proportion of F3
ttCc = 3/8 + 1/4 = 5/8
Proportion of F3 terminal constricted phenotype = proportion of F3 ttcc = 3/8
The 2 sentences above tell the phenotypic distribution of F3 plants.
c. axial inflated : axial constricted : terminal inflated : terminal constricted = 1:1:1:1

d. [Remark for part b is applied to this part as well.]

Progeny from self-pollination of terminal, constricted plants: all terminal, constricted

Progeny from self-pollination of terminal, inflated plants: 1/4 terminal constricted, 3/4
terminal inflated

To answer this part directly,

Progeny from self-pollination of terminal plants: 3/8 terminal inflated, 5/8 terminal
constricted

19. a. 1/9

b. 1/9

c. 7/12

d. ½

21. a.
b.

23. a. ABCD, ABcD, aBCD, aBcD

b. ABCD, ABcD, ABCd, ABcd

c. ABCD, AbCD, aBCD, abCD

d. ABCD, AbCD

25.

27. a. F1 – all RST

F2 – 27/64 RST, 9/64 RSt, 9/64 RsT, 9/64 rST, 3/64 Rst, 3/64 rSt, 3/64 rsT, 1/64 rst

b. 1/16

c. 1/18

29. Cross 1: GgRr x Ggrr

Cross 2: GgRr x ggrr or Ggrr x ggRr

31. a. Total number of girls = 1913, total number of boys = 1927

If boys:girls = 1:1 (hypothesis), number of boys = number of girls = 1920

χ2 = (1920-1913)2/1920 + (1920-1927)2/1920 = 0.051

At 1 df, p > 0.05, hypothesis not rejected, consistent

b. Expected number of families with k girls/boys = 640 x C(6,k) x ½k x ½6-k

χ2 = (10 – 9)2/10 + (60 – 63)2/60 + (150 – 147)2/150 + (200 – 204)2/200 +

(150 – 151)2/150 + (60 – 56)2/60 + (10 – 10)2/10 = 0.663

At 6 df, p > 0.05, hypothesis not rejected, consistent

33. a. ¼

b. 1/16

c.

35. a. 1/32

b. 1/32

c. 243/1024

d. 1/32

e. 3/128

37. The expected numbers of times of occurrence of total values of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

and 12 are 8.33 (1/36 x 300), 16.67, 25, 33.33, 41.67, 50, 41.67, 33.33, 25, 16.67 and 8.33,
respectively. The chi square of the observed outcome is 5.735, which gives a p-value > 0.05
at 10 df. The student is incorrect.
39. a.

Pp Pp Pp Pp

Brad Sherri Harry Sally

pp P– P– pp

b. ⅔, ⅔, both of their parents must be carriers

c. 1/9

d. ¼

41. a. Expected number of spicy [nonspicy] peppers in F2 = (56 + 20) x ¾ [¼] = 57 [19]

χ2 = (57 – 56)2/57 + (19 – 20)2/19 = 0.07

At 1 df, p > 0.05, hypothesis not rejected, consistent

b. ⅓ (assuming self-fertilization)

43. a. 243/1024

b. 405/1024

c. 1/1025

d. 1/256

45. 1/9 CC x CC, 4/9 CC x Cc, 4/9 Cc x Cc

46. a. genotype: all si si; phenotype: ½ normal ½ affected

b. genotype: ¼ SI SI, ½ SI si, ¼ si si; phenotype: 7/8 normal, 1/8 affected

47. Let F. K and R stand for the dominant traits short, straight and with furnishings,
respectively, the corresponding small letters stand for the corresponding recessive traits,
and the corresponding italic letters stand for the corresponding alleles.

a. genotype: FfKkRr, phenotype: FKR

b. Phenotype (Genotype) Proportion

FKR (F–K–R–) 27/64
FKr (F–K–rr) 9/64
 FkR (F–kkR–) 9/64
fKR (ffK–R–) 9/64
Fkr (F–kkrr) 3/64
fKr (ffK–rr) 3/64
fkR (ffkkR–) 3/64
fkr (ffkkrr) 1/64

Genotype Proportion
FFKKRR 1/64
FFKKRr 2/64
FFKKrr 1/64
FFKkRR 2/64
FFKkRr 4/64
FFKkrr 2/64
FFkkRR 1/64
FFkkRr 2/64
FFkkrr 1/64
FfKKRR 2/64
FfKKRr 4/64
FfKKrr 2/64
FfKkRR 4/64
FfKkRr 8/64
FfKkrr 4/64
FfkkRR 2/64
FfkkRr 4/64
Ffkkrr 2/64
ffKKRR 1/64
ffKKRr 2/64
ffKKrr 1/64
ffKkRR 2/64
ffKkRr 4/64
ffKkrr 2/64
ffkkRR 1/64
ffkkRr 2/64
ffkkrr 1/64

48. Let I. F and M stand for the dominant traits large, short-legged and normal-muscled,
respectively, the corresponding small letters stand for the corresponding recessive traits,
and the corresponding italic letters stand for the corresponding alleles.

a. genotype: IiFfMm, phenotype: large, normal leg, fast running

b. ½ fast runners (Mm), ¼ normal-speed runners (MM)