KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE

Department of Radiography and Imaging

COLLEGE EXAMINATIONS FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2020/2021

END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS FOR DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL IMAGING SCIENCE

MPC 1112: Medical Physics and Chemistry 1

DATE: TIME: 3 hours

Instructions
Answer all questions in sections A, B and C
SECTION A: 40 MARKS

1. A substance which all physical things are composed is known as

a. Body
b. Particle
c. Mass
d. Matter
2. A quantity which has only magnitude is known as
a. Vector quantity
b. Scalar quantity
c. Measurement quantity
d. Displacement quantity
3. Which one of the following is not a Vector quantity
a. Displacement
b. Velocity
c. Speed
d. Acceleration
4. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1gram of water by 1 degree
centigrade is known as:
a. Calorie
b. Specific heat
c. Thermal Capacity
 d. Thermal conductivity
5. The mass of a proton is equivalent to how much kilograms
a. 1.67 x10-27
b. 1.67 x10-31
c. 1.67 x10-23
d. 1.67 x10-12
6. Which one of the following is the fundamental unit of time
a. Hour
b. Minute
c. Second
d. Day
7. The rate at which a moving body changes its position in a given direction is known as
a. Speed
b. Velocity
c. Acceleration
d. Momentum
8. A tendency of a body or mass to resist change to their state of rest or of uniform motion
in a straight line is known as
a. Momentum
b. deceleration
c. inertia
d. Acceleration
9. In physics, the degree of distortion produced by stress is known as
a. Stress
b. Pressure
c. Shear
d. Strain
10. Force per unit area is known as
a. Momentum
b. Pressure
c. Strain
 d. Compression
11. Which of the following statement is False about magnetic poles
a. The two poles of a magnet are dissimilar
b. Similar poles attract dissimilar poles repel
c. The repulsion and attraction between magnetic poles is due to a force acting
between them
d. The force of attraction or repulsion between two poles is determined by magnetic
permeability
12. Which one of the following is the CGS unit for force
a. Newton
b. Erg
c. Dyne
d. Statcoulomb
13. Convert 1090 F to degrees centigrade
a. 47
b. 45
c. 40
d. 43
14. Convert 700F to degrees Kelvin
a. 294
b. 273
c. 282
d. 268
15. Which one of the following is not a factor that that affects geometrical unsharpness
during radiological procedures
a. Target angle
b. Tube focus
c. Source to image distance
d. Selected Kilovoltage
16. An arrangement consisting of a wire wound round an iron bar is known as
a. Solenoid
 b. Inductor
c. Electromagnet
d. Relay
17. Which one of the following is not a factor that causes alternating voltage and current to
be out of phase
a. Inductance in AC circuit
b. Capacitance in AC circuit
c. Impedance
d. Induced EMF in AC circuit
18. Protons and electrons have the same amount of electricity although proton is greater than
electron in mass by how many times?
a. 1800 times
b. 1600 times
c. 1400 times
d. 1200 times
19. The study of the effects which occur when electricity is not in motion is known as?
a. Electricity
b. Electrostatics
c. Electromagnetic
d. Electrification
20. The number of outermost electron shell of an atom is equal to its _________ in the
periodic table.
a. Group
b. Valence
c. Element
d. Period
21. Which of the following statements is FALSE about magnets
a. The number of lines of flux can be determined by the strength of the magnetic
pole producing them
b. Good permanent magnet will always retain their magnetic properties in spite of
harsh treatment
 c. Diamagnetic substances show a strong magnetic effect when placed in a strong
magnetic field
d. Magnetisation of a magnetic substance increases as the magnetising force is
increased
22. All magnetic lines of force crossing a given area are referred to?
a. Magnetic field
b. Magnetic field strength
c. Magnetic flux
d. Magnetic force
23. Which one of the following statements is true about properties of a magnet
a. If a magnet is freely suspended it sets in any direction
b. A magnet attracts small magnetic substances
c. Magnetic effects are equally concentrated through the magnet
d. Like poles attract unlike poles repel
24. The tendency of the collection of negative electron charges in the space near the filament
to limit the emission of more electrons from the filament is known as
a. Space charge effects
b. Electron emission
c. Space charge
d. Field emission
25. The ability of a substance to allow current to flow through it is known as
a. Capacitance
b. Impedance
c. Resistance
d. Conductance

26. The atom of substances which have their outermost shell completely filled up and their
valence electrons strongly bound on their respective nuclei are known as
a. Conductors
b. Semiconductor
c. Insulators
d. Semi-insulators
27. In electrical conduction, the energy band arrangement in semi –conductors is quite
similar to that of insulators, except that
a. The conduction band in semi – conductors is much closer to the valence band than
is the case with insulators.
b. The conduction band in semi – conductors is similar to the valence band of the
insulators
c. The conduction band in semi – conductors is much further to the valence band
than is the case with insulators
d. The conduction band in semi – conductors is much thicker than the valence band
than is the case with insulators

28. Which of the following statements is FALSE about Transformers

a. The power dissipated in primary winding should be equal to the power dissipated
in the secondary winding from an ideal point of view.
b. The power dissipated in the secondary winding will always be more than power
dissipated in the primary windings because of transformer losses.
c. The losses originate from inductive and resistive effects within the transformer.
d. Two main type of transformer losses are Core losses and Copper losses
29. The principle transformer losses in the windings that are due to ohmic resistance that are
dissipated in form of heat and are proportional to the product of current squared and
resistance (12 R) are known as
a. Core losses
b. Eddy current losses
c. Hysteresis losses
d. Copper losses
30. Breaking down of a dissolved compound into its constituents is known as
a. Dissolution
b. Thermoelectricity
c. Electrolysis
d. Chemistry
31. During the process of electricity generation, the number of complete cycles per second is
known as
 a. Wavelength
b. Amplitude
c. Phase
d. Frequency
32. Which one of the following statements is FALSE about the peak factor
a. It is the ratio of peak value to the root mean square (RMS) value of current, EMF
or potential difference.
b. It is the factor in which RMS values must be multiplied to give peak value
c. Peak factor is equal to 0.707
d. If the wave is not sinusoidal the peak factor is determined by the particular shape
of the curve
33. The thickness of a sheet of a particular absorbing material which if placed in a beam of X
radiation will reduce the intensity of the beam to one half its value is known as
a. Half value thickness
b. 2mm aluminium equivalent
c. Absorption coefficient
d. Linear absorption coefficient
34. Which one of the Newton’s law of motion states the principle of inertia
a. First law
b. Second law
c. Third law
d. None of the above
35. Mass per unit volume is the units for
a. Relative density
b. Work
c. Momentum
d. Density
36. The quantity of work done in a given time is known as
a. Energy
b. Power
c. Force
 d. Pressure
37. The flow of one practical unit of charge past a given point in a circuit per second is
known as
a. Ampere
b. Coulomb
c. Voltage
d. Electric charge

38. The statements below are all true about semiconductors except one. Identify the incorrect
statement
a. When certain elements are added to intrinsic semiconductors, the conductivity of
the semiconductor increases.
b. Elements added to semiconductor for the purpose of increasing their conductivity
are called impurities

c. Impurity elements improve conductivity by providing free electrons or holes

which makes conduction possible.

d. When the added impurity causes the availability of free electrons the
semiconductor becomes known as a P type of semiconductor.
39. Substances which allow electricity to flow through them easily are known as
a. Conductors
b. Semiconductor
c. Insulators
d. Semi-insulators

40. The line voltage obtained from a three phase supplies total to?
a. 480 volts
b. 240 volts
c. 720 volts
d. 415 volts
SECTION B: 40MKS

41. State the factors that govern the rate at which x-ray tube target cools (5mks)

42. An exposure of 20MAS is required to x-ray the skull of a young lady at a source to Image
Receptor Distance (SID) of 90cm. If the SID was reduced to 75cm, what would the exposure
be if the same density on the film is to be attained (5mks)
43. The voltage from a transformer is expected to be 120,000volts, but only 105,000volts are
obtained. Express the difference and the obtained values as percentage of the expected value

(5mks)
44. Describe heat transfer in liquids (5mks)
45. With aid of diagrams define the following terms with respect to circles (5mks)

a. Radius
b. Diameter
c. Tangent
d. An arc
e. A secant

46. State 5 information that are included in the rating of x-ray transformer. (5mks)
47. List 5 types of Transformers that are found in X-ray equipment (5mks)
48. State 5 factors that determine the size and the shape of the core of the transformer (5mks)

SECTION C – 20MKS

49. With an aid of a well labelled diagram, discuss hysteresis with respect to electromagnetism