FORM SPEAKING PART 2

INTRODUCTION: ( 2 câu)

- Nhắc lại tình huống (nên dùng từ đồng nghĩa)

- Đưa ra sự lựa chọn:

In my opinion, …. is the best choice because of it offers the most benefits.

BODY: (gồm 2 đoạn)

Main idea 1:

- Firstly, lý do số 1: Giải thích cho lý do 1: 2- 3 câu/ 4-5 câu ( chiếm ⅔ đoạn)

- However
- On the other hand/ while, Although, In spite of….

So sánh với 2 lựa chọn còn lại: phải so sánh cùng 1 phương diện(chiếm ⅓ đoạn)

Main idea 2:

- Secondly,.....: tương tự như main idea 1

CONCLUSION

To sum up, as I love just mentioned above, among 3 choices:...,....,...... (Cái chọn) is the best
option benefits because it brings ……the most advantages.

FORM SPEAKING PART 3

INTRODUCTION

- Hook:
● S + play (s) + a/an important/vital/crucial role in ….. (đề là vai trò)
● S + have/has become + one of the most/ more and more +
prevalent/common/widely-used/poplar + N (số nhiều) (đề là tính phổ biến)
● Some people like/prefer…..while the others like/choose/ opt for ….
- Topic sentence
● There are 3 main + N (factors/ benefits/ disvantages….) of …They are…

BODY

- The first thing that springs to my mind is ……/ I’ll talk about…

Giải thích + đưa ví dụ

 - The second thing/ factor/ benefit/ drawback worth mentioning is …/Secondly, I’ll mention…

Giải thích + đưa ví dụ

- The last thing/benefit…..shouldn't be overlooked is…/ Finally, I’ll discuss…

Giải thích + đưa ví dụ

CONCLUSION

To sum up, from what I have just discussed above, there are 3 main benefits of
…including…,....,.....

Taking a gap- year:

- Reduce stress

Taking a gap – year makes me reduce stress after spending many years finishing challenging courses
in high school or college instead of suffering pressure from finding a job or studying.

+ I will use this time to travel and experience different cultures. This exposure can broaden my
perspective, and improve my adaptability (khả năng thích ứng)

+ A gap year can be a chance to recharge and avoid burnout. It provides a break to rejuvenate
rəˈjo͞ovəˌnāt (trẻ hoá: động từ) and approach future challenges with renewed energy.

+ Studying further and applying for a job can put me under a lot of pressure such as heavy loads of
paperwork or homework. So I feel demotivated.

- Prepare for academic and professional success

+ A gap year can offer the time to explore different fields, hobbies, or career options. It can help
clarify (làm rõ) what you truly want to pursue long term.

+ The perfect way to make my CV shine with real-life experience before pursuing a job is to engage
in community service or volunteering, find an internship, or do different part-time jobs.
+ Studying further almost only accumulates (tích luỹ) theories from textbooks that lack hands-on
experiences.

+ Applying for a job is hard to get a good job because I don’t have enough experience to compete
with many other candidates. (ứng cử viên )

Sau finish + V-ing

WHAT TO DO WITH 1 BILLION YOU HAVE WON:

- Deposit it in a bank
- Buy a TV
- Hold a party
- Safety and security (an toàn và bảo mật): When I deposit money in a bank, it is well protected
from theft, loss, or damage. (tránh bị trộm cắp, mất mát, hư hỏng). I don’t need to keep eyes
on my money all the time.
(well làm vai trò trạng từ)
- By depositing money in a bank, I can earn interest on my savings. My money will grow over
time (qua thời gian). This reduces the financial burden for me in the future. For example, if I
am unluckily unemployed , I don’t worry too much about money.
- Depositing money in a bank helps me save money for my future. I have a lot of plans in the
future that I need to use money for: take care of my family, buy a house, start up a business,....
- Buy a TV: I already have a TV, so it’s not necessary to buy another one. Besides, TV is not a
popular means of media. Nowadays, we have more options for relaxation and updating
information such as social networks.
(means: mean mà thêm s thì dịch là “phương tiện” chứ ko phải là “ nghĩa là”)
- Hold a party: Spending 1 billion on holding a party, to me, is just a waste of money/ It only
brings immediate entertainment. Therefore, I would rather spend it for long-term benefits.
My situation is…….
In my opinion, summer campaign is the best choice because of the following reasons
- Firstly, participating in a summer campaign allows teenagers to develop many skills such as
leadership, communication, problem-solving, and organization skills.
- Secondly, joining a summer campaign provides teenagers with opportunities for personal
growth and self-discovery. It helps them build confidence, and a sense of responsibility.
- Third, taking part in the summer campaign, my nephew has a chance to work with many
people, which allows him to widen his relationship and develop valuable connections with
peers, mentors, and professionals. (= experts)
There are several reasons why I don’t choose other options.
- I don’t think a summer course is a good choice because 9 months studying at school is enough
for him to improve his knowledge. Summer should be the time for kids to relax after a
stressful school year. In addition to knowledge from textbooks, kids need to improve life
skills which are very important for their personal life and career in the future.
- Although staying with grandparents sounds good, I don’t choose it since spending a whole
summer break with grandparents could be boring because of the generation gap.
Grandparents don’t share the same interest with kids, so he has no one to play with (ông bà ko
cùng sở thích với con anh ấy ko có ai chơi cùng). Besides, staying at home does not bring any
new and interesting experiences to him.
To sum up, if I were in that situation, I would choose the summer campaign due to the above reasons.

(nephew: cháu trai >< niece: cháu gái)

sense of responsibility: tinh thần trách nhiệm

There indeed are many factors that can help one to become a good teacher. It's
Firstly, knowledge is a prerequisite. A good teacher needs to have a rich knowledge of the field they
teach because they have to explain and answer almost all the questions of students. Besides

PART 3:

ĐỀ 1: A GOOD TEACHER: knowledge, methods, dedication (passion)

There are several factors that contribute to becoming a good teacher.

Firstly, possessing knowledge is essential. A good teacher should have a deep understanding of the subject
they teach because they are responsible for imparting knowledge from textbooks and real-life experiences.
They are like a walking dictionary, capable of explaining and answering almost all students’ questions,
thereby building students' beliefs. Therefore, teachers need to continuously enhance their expertise by
accumulating experiences and staying updated with advances in teaching and society.

Furthermore, effective knowledge transmission requires good teaching methods. This helps students
understand easily and feel comfortable in lessons. For example, teachers can organize many different
interesting activities such as mini-games, and apply technology in their lessons.

Teaching is not easy. To become a good teacher, they must truly love their job, students, and work
environment. In fact, besides good and obedient students, teachers have to deal with stubborn and students
with bad learning attitudes. In addition, the salary is low. To do this job well, they need a strong passion to
pursue it for a long time

Process: quá trình

Prossess: sở hữu

Imparting: truyền đạt, transmisson: sự truyền đạt

Continuously: liên tục

Obey (v) -> obedient (a) -> obedience (n): vâng lời

Stubborn (a) -> stubborness (n): bướng bỉnh

PART 3: ĐỀ 2: A GOOD JOB

The importance of job satisfaction, salary, and work environment can vary
greatly depending on individual preferences(sở thích), career goals, and
personal circumstances (hoàn cảnh, trường hợp,..)

The first thing that springs to my mind is salary. In fact, the purpose of applying
for a job is to take money to cover costs including living fees, transport fees,
fuel feed,...Therefore, they are concern about the salary with the expectation it
will be enough for those costs. A good job provides them a high and stable
salary not only allows them to have a qualitative living but also save for
retirement. A competitive salary can be a key motivator, especially for those
with significant financial responsibilities or long-term financial goals.

The second thing worth mentioning is job satisfaction. In particular, job

satisfaction is crucial because it encompasses (=include) a sense of fulfillment
and engagement (sự gắn bó, sự cam kết) with one's work. High job satisfaction
often leads to increased motivation, productivity, and overall well-being.

The last thing shouldn't be overlooked is the work environment. To illustrate

this point, a good work environment consists of qualitative and modern
facilities, spacious workrooms equipped with computers, air conditioners,
friendly colleagues, and both good relationships between superiors and
subordinates, not office drama. As a result, in this environment, people feel
comfortable, increase productivity, and can commit long term with their job,
company.

In conclusion, from what I have just discussed above, there are 3 significant
factors to having a good job.

WRITING
WRITING ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Nowadays,...ĐỀ… is more and more popular in the public. Some people

believe that this problem is beneficial in aspect. However, there are also
certain drawbacks that should not be ignored. In this essay, I will analyze
both the advantages and disadvantages of …ĐỀ...

It is visible that ..ĐỀ… can benefit people in many aspects, one of

which could be that LỢI 1….In particular…GIẢI THÍCH…Another
advantage that should not be overlooked is that…LỢI 2….. In fact, ..…GIẢI
THÍCH

On the other hand, besides the above-mentioned merits, ..ĐỀ has some
demerits, one of which may be that…BẤT LỢI 1 .To illustrate this
point,…..Additionally, …BẤT LỢI 2 …..Because of the fact that…..
 In conclusion, …… is very beneficial. However, there are also many
drawbacks. It is important to understand that the advantages far outweigh
disadvantages.

Dạng 1: Popularity

Đề 1: “ Advantages and disadvantages of study abroad”

Open: (Đề) is becoming more and more prevalent nowadays.While there are
several benefits in this trend, I believe that the drawbacks are more significant.
This essay will analyze both the advantages and disadvantages of (đề)

Body

Many people agree that (đề ) has brought SO many advantages.

- Firstly, it provides the opportunity for personal development. In particular,

living in a foreign country allows students to widen their horizons by traveling
to different countries, exploring various cultures and customs, and enhancing
many skills such as language, communication, problem-solving, and
decision-making skills. These are important for their personal growth in life and
future careers, allowing them to increase self-confidence and step out of their
comfort zones.

- Secondly, studying abroad provides access to world-class education. Students

have a chance to learn from leading experts in various fields and access to
modern technology with advanced teaching methods.

On the other hand, there are also plenty of negative effects of (đề) that should
not be ignored.

-Living far away from family and friends makes them feel homesick and lonely.
In addition, one of the most common concerns is the financial burden. For
instance, tuition fees, living costs, and travel costs can be expensive, making it
inaccessible for many students. (khiến nhiều sv khó có thể tiếp cận).
- Moreover, studying abroad generally causes many culture shocks because of
the differences in culture and lifestyles. It will be challenging to learn to adapt
to a new living environment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, there are both positive and negative effects of studying abroad.
However, I believe that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

- Immersion in language environment: đắm mình trong mt ngôn ngữ

Đề 2: “ Avantages and disavantages of cohabitation”

(Live together before marriage = move in together before marriage = live with
an unmarried partner before getting married)

Cohabitation is becoming more and more prevalent nowadays. While there are
several benefits in this trend, I believe that there are also many drawbacks we
need to notice. This essay will analyze both the advantages and disadvantages
of living together before marriage.

Many people agree that cohabitation has brought people many advantages.

Firstly, cohabitation allows couples to test their compatibility to reduce the

chances of divorce later. For example, it provides a trial run for marriage such
as discovering their lifestyles, habits, expectations, and characters. If things do
not work well, they can easily walk out of the relationship than walk out of
marriage.

Secondly, moving in together before marriage allows couples to reduce living

costs. To illustrate this point, cohabitation means sharing rent, energy bills,
housing maintenance, etc. Besides, they usually eat at home, which allows them
to save money on expensive dates, outings, eating out, fuel, etc. So they can use
these costs to travel together. Living together is economical.

On the other hand, there are also many negative effects of living together before
marriage should not be ignored. Cohabitation increases the chance of breaking
up. In particular, smoother the fires of passion the excitement. Therefore, they
become bored with each other easily and walk out of the relationship because of
no legal obligation, responsibilities, or commitment.

Moreover, women face criticism. According to Asian cultures, women are

supposed to preserve purity. So if things do not well, they are often criticized. It
is hard for them to begin a new relationship.

In conclusion, there are both positive and negative effects of cohabitation.

However, I think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

Đề 3: “Effects of tourism on local communities”

Advantages

- The tourism industry can help support local economies by creating jobs and
income opportunities for people living near tourist attractions. Local people can
make a lot of money from various jobs in hospitality, conservation, and other
related fields.

- When tourism grows, local communities will be financially supported by the

state. Governments must provide funds to maintain and promote its sustainable
development in the region. For example, funds are used to maintain parks and
keep loggers, and hunters out of them, upgrading the infrastructure or bringing
important technology and resources into struggling communities that can help
achieve development objectives

- upgrade: nâng cấp

-state (n) chính phủ, (v): tuyên bố

- infrastructure =facility

- obtain = achieve

Disadvantages
- Local people are sometimes relocated to make room for tourism developments
and further conservation efforts. They may be pushed out and lose control of
their land.

- The local ecosystem may be destroyed if access to popular natural resources

isn't limited and closely monitored. Irresponsible tourism can lead to noise,
litter, and pollution that can damage the natural environment.

degrade = destroye : làm suy thoái = phá huỷ

Irresponsible : vô trách nhiệm

Litter : rác thải

Monitor : giám sát

Make room for: nhường chỗ

Push out: đẩy

infrastructure = facilities : cơ sở hạ tầng =cơ sở vật chất

fund: quỹ

support = subsidized

state = country

conversation: cuộc trò chuyện

conservation: khu bảo tồn

hospitality: khách sạn

industry : ngành công nghiệp

sustainable: bền vững

promote: thúc đẩy

Đề 4: “Advantages and disadvantages of building sky trains to solve problem
of congestion in cities”

Nowadays, sky trains play an important role in solving traffic jams. Some
people believe that building skytrain is beneficial in aspects. However, there are
also certain drawbacks that should not be ignored. This essay will analyze both
advantages and disadvantages of building skytrain.

It is visible that building skytrain can benefit people in many aspects, one
of which could be that is convenient and quick to travel. To illustrate this
point, there are many private vehicles in big cities, so people usually get
stuck in traffic congestion during rush hour which is time-consuming. Sky
trains use a separate route that means it takes less time than other vehicles
on the ground such as cars, ground trains to move from one destination to
another. As a result, people save commuting time and congestion time.
Another advantage which should not be overlooked is that it occupies
minimal land. Because of the fact that one of the big concerns of building
public transport system on the ground is unavailability/lack of vacant land
space in crowded cities while sky trains run overhead that reduces pressure
because they do not require much land space. Consequently, building
skytrains allows us to save space for many other vehicles and save time on
moving.

On the other hand, besides the above–mentioned advantages, there are

also several negative effects. One of which may be the financial burden.
Because of the fact that this is a big project that requires the latest technologies,
leading experts, and high safety standards. As a result, people have to spend
lots of money to do it. In addition, it creates noise pollution. In particular, it
make lots of noises when they pass by. Consequently, people who live near sky
trains are affected by noise which reduces their living standard.

In conclusion, building sky trains is very beneficial. However, there are

also many drawbacks. It is important to understand that the merits far outweigh
the demerits.
 - affect (v), effect (a): ảnh hưởng

OPINION ESSAY:
Dạng 1: ĐƯA 2 QUAN ĐIỂM ĐỐI LẬP => hỏi: quan điểm cá nhân thiêng
hướng (leaning toward) về cái nào ?
- MB:
C1: nêu chủ đề
C2: QĐ 1
C3: QĐ 2
C4: QĐ cá nhân or ghi phân tích ròi tí ra kết luận
- TB:
Đoạn 1: ưu điểm của QĐ 1
Đoạn 2: ưu điểm của QĐ 2/ or bất lợi của QĐ 1
- KB:
tóm lại 2 chủ đề. Nhắc lại cái bản thân chọn

MB:
- Nowadays, …..has become more and more popular to the public/
plays an important role in …...
- Some people think that (quan điểm 1).
 - However, some others believe that (quan điểm 2).
- In this essay, I will examine both sides and state my own opinion
TB:
- On the one hand, (quan điểm 1) is widely - supported because0 of
-
many reasons. First of all, it is-
impossible to argue against the fact that
….. In particular, ….. The second reason why is that……In fact, …..
- On the other hand, who go against (quan điểm 1) give many
arguments to support (quan điểm 2). Firstly, it is true to say that/ one
cannot deny that….. To illustrate this point,..... Additionally, ….This is
because of the fact that ….
Nêu ưu điểm của quan điểm 2. hoặc bất lợi của quan điểm 1

KB:
In conclusion, these facts still cause arguments in the public. Although
other people claim (tuyên bố) (quan điểm 1) brings several benefits, I am
leaning toward (thiêng về) the idea that (quan điểm 2: cái mình chọn á)
offers various advantages. People should have further consideration on this
issue
(Tóm lại, những sự kiện này vẫn còn gây nhiều tranh cãi trong cộng đồng. Mặc
dù nhiều người tuyên bố QĐ1 mang lại nhiều lợi ích, nhưng tôi thì thiêng về
QĐ2 cung cấp nhiều ưu điểm. Mọi người nên cân nhắc nhiều hơn về vấn đề
này)

EXAMPLE DẠNG 1:
BÀI 1 (in syllabus)
Some students prefer the group study method for their learning process while
others prefer the individual learning method. Which one is more beneficial ?
Write an essay to educated reader to discuss and give your opinion about the
two mentioned learning methods.

Nowadays, learning methods play an important role in students’ learning

process. Some people think that learning in group is beneficial for them.
However, some others believe that learning on their own is the best solution for
them. In this essay, I will examine both sides and state my own opinion.
On the one hand, group study is widely supported because of many
reasons. Firstly, learning in groups allows learners to share their ideas together.
In particular, during the study time, students listen to what their fellows say and
debate with each other about any problem. Consequently, communication skills,
listening skills and critical thinking are greatly improved. Secondly, peer
pressure can be a positive force which both motivate and challenge learners to
do their best. When learners know their performance and contributions affects
someone else in the company, they are likely to step up efforts so that they do
not their partners down.
On the other hand, people who go against learning in groups give many
arguments to support self- study. First of all, learners can be distracted by
unnecessary conversations if they study with their classmates. For example,
they may discuss their common interests or daily events happening around the
world. Therefore, they can not concentrate and waste their time. Moreover,
learners can actively arrange their timetable if they study alone, but they need to
depend on others when they studying in groups. As a result, students can work
out their own learning time that suits their busy schedule and ensure a promising
result.
In conclusion, each learner has a certain (nhất định) method that can suit
both their learning styles and schedules. Although there are strong arguments
for each study method, personally, I believe that group study is more effective
since learners’ understanding of the subject matter can be improved when they
exchange what they know with someone else.

group study = learning in group

individual learning = learning in their own = study alone = seft -study

ĐỀ 2:
“Love marriage and arranged marriage. Discuss both views and give your
opinion?”

Marriages play an important role in people’s lives. Some people think that
love marriage is beneficial for them. However, some others believe that
arranged marriage offers/brings several/various advantages/positive
effects/impacts. In this essay, I will discuss/examine both sides and state my
own opinion.

On the one hand, love marriage is widely- supported because of several

reasons. First of all, it is impossible to argue against the fact that love marriage
stems from true love. In particular, the love of these couples is a strong
emotional connection, in the big world, they find each other and feel happy
when enjoying life together. The second reason why is that a love marriage
helps people have a better understanding. In fact, before getting married,
couples have chances to get each other to understand their partner such as
habits, favorites, and dislikes. This allows them to build a strong partnership.

On the other hand, who go against love marriage have various arguments to
support arranged marriage. Firstly, it is true to say that families are deeply
involved in the process .To illustrate this point, they help choose their partner
which often means that the couple has strong support from family. Therefore,
ensuring a stable marriage. Additionally, arranged marriages increase
compatibility. This is because of the fact that families consider a marriage
based on the partner’s background, knowledge, behaviors, and character. For
example, their parents will examine fields such as jobs, economics, education,
etc which are also necessary for building a strong relationship. Last but not
least, one can not deny that arranged marriages assist couples to reduce
pressure. For instance, they are not too worry about dating, finding their own
partner. Consequently, they only focus on getting to understand each other.

In conclusion, these facts still cause arguments in the public. Although

people claim that arranged marriage brings several positive effects, I am leaning
toward love marriage offers various advantages. People should have further
consideration between both these aspects/ this issue.

- compatibility : sự tương thích

ĐỀ 2:
“ Natural ability and hard work. Discuss both and give your opinion?”
Dạng 2: NÊU 1 QUAN ĐIỂM => HỎI AGREE HAY DISAGREE ?
- MB:
C1: dẫn đề bài
C2: nếu agree hay ko
- TB: mỗi đoạn sẽ là 1 lý do và giải thích
- KB:
nhắc lại quan điểm đề bài + nêu quan điểm của mình

MB:
Nowadays, …..has become more and more prevalent/popular to the public.
(It is suggested by some people that + S + V (đề bài))
In my opinion, I agree/disagree with this idea. In this essay, I will state/
present/show some reasons and examples to support my viewpoint.

TB:
- Firstly, one important reason is that + lý do 1. /
(Firstly, it is impossible to argue against the fact that: không thể chối cãi lại
thực tế là …..To illustrate this point/ In particular…..)

- Secondly, another reason is that + lý do 2

(Secondly, there is no doubt that : không thể nghi ngờ gì nữa rằng….This is
because of the fact that ….)
 - Finally, it is true to say that + lý do 3.
(Last but not least, one cannot deny that: cuối cùng nhưng ko thể phủ nhận
rằng….. In fact…)

(mỗi gạch đầu dòng -> Triển khai như các dạng khác)

KB:
In conclusion, the fact that + QĐ+ still causes arguments in the public.
Personally (cá nhân tôi), I strongly/completely/totally + agree/disagree with this
idea for the mentioned information.

partly : một phần

do dạng này chỉ cho 1 VẤN ĐỀ NÊN THÊM ‘s” vào động từ cause
doubt (v): nghi ngờ -> (a): doubtful

EXAMPLE DẠNG 2:
BÀI 1: “It is believed that physical education should be compulsory at school to
prevent (ngăn chặn) childhood obesity. Do you agree or disagree ?”

Some people believed that physical education should be

essential/obligatory/compulsory at school to prevent/ avert childhood obesity. In my
opinion, I totally agree with this idea. In this essay, I will state several reasons and
examples to support my viewpoint.
Firstly, one important reason is that PE helps children stay active. In particular,
in PE classes, students take part in exercises and sports that get them moving. Regular
physical activity burns calories and builds muscle, which helps prevent weight gain
(tăng cân). Besides, when children enjoy activities like running, swimming or playing
team sports, they are more likely to continue being active outside of school.
Secondly, another reason should not be overlooked is that PE teaches children
about the importance of a healthy lifestyle. This is because of the fact that, in
addition to physical activities, PE classes often include lessons on nutrition and
healthy eating. By learning about the right foods to eat and how to balance their diet,
children can make better choices that support their overall health (sức khoẻ tổng
thể) (healthy: tính từ)
(bằng việc học tập về các thực phẩm đúng để ăn và cách để cân bằng chế độ ăn của
mình, trẻ em có thể đưa ra những lựa chọn tốt hơn để hỗ trợ cho sức khoẻ tổng thể của
mình).
 Thirdly, it is true to say that PE encourages children to develop good habits
early on (ngay từ đầu). When children have a routine of regular exercise, they are
more likely to continue these habits into adulthood. This can help prevent obesity and
promote a lifetime of good health. (promote: thúc đầy, lifetime: trọn đời)

In conclusion, the fact that [physical education should be

essential/obligatory/compulsory at school to prevent/ avert childhood obesity] still
causes arguments in the public. Personally, I completely agree with this idea for the
above- mentioned information.

EXAMPLE DẠNG 2:
BÀI 2
It is suggested by some people that art subjects such as music, drama, and
creative writing are compulsory partS of education, and every school should include
them in its curriculum. In my opinion, I agree with this idea because of several
reasons.

Firstly, it is impossible to argue against the fact that these subjects can help
students reduce stress after studying natural science classes. STEM subjects are
complicated and require high concentration. Additionally, students often struggle with
the pressure of a large amount of homework while art subjects can provide students
with a way to relax and refresh their minds, making it easier and more efficient (a) for
them to understand and study for their next lesson.
Secondly, another reason is that art subjects improve performance in other
subjects. In particular, they enhance hand-eye coordination, problem-solving skills,
imagination, and creativity, all of which are necessary for success in other subjects.
For example, Geometry supports students to visualize and imagine the relationships
between points, lines, curves and surfaces. Consequently, it attains promising learning
outcomes.
Last but not least, it is true to say that art subjects strengthen the creativity
and flexibility of individuals. Nowadays, the age of (thời đại của)` automation and
artificial intelligence, human labor and office work will be replaced more and more.
Human creativity is more important, therefore art subjects help to make a difference
between individuals and computers.
In conclusion, art subjects should include them in its syllabus. I totally agree
with this idea because of the above- mentioned advantages.

- complicated: phức tạp

- attain (v) -> attainment (n): sự đạt được
- gain: lấy đc
- performance: hiệu quả, hiệu suất, năng suất = productivity = efficiency (n) =
effectiveness
- efficiency (n) -> efficient (a), productive
- effective (a): ảnh hưởng -> effectiveness : hiệu quả
- syllabus = curriculum : chương trình học, giáo trình học
- promise (v, n) : hứa/ lời hứa -> promising (a)

- distinguish SO/STH from SO/STH

coó thể dùng: distinguish between …..and ….. ???

DẠNG: CAUSE - EFFECT - SOLUTION

● Cauces - effects
MB:
- It’s true that + đề
- This essay will discuss some reasons why this has occurred and exame the
consequences of this worrying trend. (bài luận này sẽ bàn về một vài lý do
giải thích tại sao nó xảy ra và xem xét một số hậu quả đáng lo ngại của vấn đề
này)
TB:
- There are various reasons behind this situation. Firstly, đề (hậu quả) result
(s) from / are/ is caused by….. (nguyen nhan). In particular,….. Secondly,
(nguyen nhan) is/are responsible for đề (hậu quả). For instance, …An
additonal cause of đề (hậu quả) is that ……
- The impacts of this issue have been and will continue to be very serious. Đề
(hậu quả) lead(s) to/ bring about the fact that…(ảnh hưởng)..To illustrate
this point, …. Additionally, (ảnh hưởng) is also an unavoidable
consequence of đề (hậu quả).
KB:
- In conclusion, from what has been discussed, there are several reasons
causing đề (hậu quả) and this issue may bring several negative impacts on
individuals and the society. (Tóm lại, từ những vấn đề phân tích trên, có nhiều
 lý do gây ra hậu quả này và vấn đề này có thể mang lại nhiều ảnh hưởng tiêu
cực cho các cá nhân và xã hội)

● Effects - solutions
MB:
- It’s true that + đề
- Although there are some negative impacts of this problem, societies can
take steps to mitigate potential problems. (Mặc dù có nhiều ảnh hưởng tiêu
cực từ vấn đề trên, tuy nhiên xã hội có thực hiện một số giải pháp để giải quyết
vấn đề tiềm tàng này.
TB:
- The impacts of this issue have been and will continue to be very serious.
Firstly, đề (hậu quả) leads to/ brings about….. In particular, …..
Additionally, (ảnh hưởng).. is an unavoidable consequence of đề (hậu quả).
To illustrate this point, ….
- There are two effective ways to deal with the problem. First of all, S V O.
For example, …. The second measure would be to V/ that S V O .
KB:

- In conclusion, what has been discussed, there are several negative

impacts/effects (adverse consequences) of đề (hậu quả)…. However, I
understand if appropriate solutions are taken by …, we will be able to
solve/mitigate this problem for a better future. ( tóm lại, từ những gì đã bàn
luận ở, có nhiều ảnh hưởng or hậu quả bất lợi từ cái đề. Tuy nhiên, tôi hiểu nếu
các biện pháp thích hợp được thực hiện bởi…, chúng ta sẽ có thể giải quyết
chúng cho một tương lai tốt hơn).

Adverse: bất lợi

● Causes - solutions
MB:
- It’s true that
- This problem is caused by several reasons/ factors and several solutions
should be adopted by governments and individuals to improve the issue.
(Vấn đề này là do một số nguyên nhân gây ra và một vài giải pháp nên được thực hiện
bởi chính phủ và các cá nhân để cải thiện vấn đề).

TB:
- There are various reasons/ factors (there are two major factors) behind
this situation. Firstly, ….result (s) from / is/ are caused by ….. In
particular, …. Secondly, …. is/ are responsible for( hậu quả). For
instance,…An additional cause of đề (hậu quả) is that …. For example,….
- There are two effective ways to deal with the problem. Firstly, ……To
illustrate this point, …..(One of the ways to V is to V/that S V O ). A
second measure would be to V/ thay S V…..
KB:
- In conclusion, what has been discussed, there are several reasons causing
this issue/đề (hậu quả). However, I understand if approciate steps are
taken by governments and individuals, we will be able to solve it better in
the future/ we will be able to solve this problem for a better future.
( tóm lại, từ những gì đã bàn luận ở trên, có nhiều nguyên nhân gây ra vấn đề này. Tuy
nhiên, tui hiểu rằng nếu các giải pháp thích hợp này được thực hiện bởi các chính phủ
và cá nhân, chúng ta sẽ có thể giải quyết chúng cho một tương lai tốt hơn.)

ROAD ACCIDENTS: CAUSE - SOLUTION

This problem is caused by several factors and several solutions should be
adopted by governments and individuals to improve this issue.
There are various reasons behind this situation. Firstly, road accidents result
from are caused by drivers’ distracted concentration when driving. For instance,
some people use mobile phones or even eat, drink while driving. This let they can not
react quickly when having sudden changes on the road. Secondly, drunk is responsible
for traffic accidents. In fact, some driver do not obey traffic laws and they drink
alcohol before engaging in driving. As a result, they do not think clearly and can not
solve sudden problems, too. An additional cause of road accidents is the poor
infrastructure conditions. Most of the roads in rural areas, especially in remote areas,
have uneven surfaces. Commuting in these ways, people are easily stuck in potholes.
There are two effective ways to deal with the problems. Firstly, enhancing the
awareness of people when participating in traffic is necessary. That's good behavior if
people only focus on driving, and do not use mobile phones, eat or drink. Especially,
drivers absolutely drink alcohol when taking part in it, this allows them to drive safely
and obey traffic laws well. As a result, drivers protect themself and road accidents are
reduced significantly. A second measure would be that governments need care and
have methods to solve poor facilities conditions. For example, fixing the old or
damaged roads or building some new widely streets helps citizens drive convenient
and easily.
In conclusion, there are various reasons causing traffic accidents. However, I
believe that if appropriate steps are taken, we will be able to solve the problem for a
better future.

potholes: ổ gà
uneven surface : bề mặt ko bằng phẳng
streetlight: đèn đường
penalty: hình phạt => penalties
speeding: tốc độ
speed camera : camera hành trình
fix = repair
install : lắp đặt
road sign : biển báo gt
traffic accident = road accident

DEFORESTATION: CAUSES - EFFECTS

This essay will discuss several reasons why this has occurred and examine the
consequences of this worrying trend.

There are various reasons behind this situation. Firstly, deforestation results are
caused by excessive logging by humans. In particular, trees are cut down for wood
and paper products. Even some people only because of their personal benefits. For
example, they can earn a lot of money from valuable wood trees, and design chairs
and tables to decorate their living room. Besides, illegal logging is a serious problem
in many countries where strict laws to protect forests are not enforced. Secondly,
farmers destroy forests to create fields for painting crops such as soybeans, corn, and
coffee are responsible for deforestation. In addition, these fields not only plant crops
but also make space for grazing cattle.
The impacts of this have been and will continue to be very serious. Firstly,
deforestation leads to climate change. Additionally, loss of biodiversity is also an
unavoidable consequence of this worrying trend.

- grazing cattle : chăn nuôi đv gia súc

 - crop: cây trồng
- illegal logging : chặt phá rừng trái phép
- inforce : thi hành

UNIT 4: however = in contrast (ngược lại)

- Social (a): xã hội -> socializing (n): giao lưu

- citizens : công dân
- Countryside = rural area
- urban area = city area >< rural area
- suburb : vùng ngoại ô = outskirt
- the low space of life >< the fast pace of life
- pace of life : nhịp sống
- outdoorsman : ng hướng ngoại
- earthen house: nhà đất
- living standards = standard of living = quality of life
- nghilife
- vibrant = lively : sống động
- dine out : ăn tối ở ngoài trời = eat out
- make so more open minded : làm cho ai đó cởi mở hơn ( tiếp thu cái mới)
- high living cost
- charges = fees : phí
- unpleasant = uncomfortable
- offer : cung cấp = provide
- enjoy : thưởng thức
- Modern = up-to- date
- Behind the times = backward = undeveloped = outmoded
- Up -to -minute
- attend = take part in = engage in: tham gia
- cheap = affordable
- -> afford (v) có thể chi trả
- crime rate: tỉ lệ tội phạm -> housebreak: đột nhập -> housebreaker : kẻ đột
nhập
possibility of burglary: khả năng trộm cắp
- keep eyes on neighbor’s estates: để mắt đến tài sản của hàng xóm = look after
nearby properties
- estate = property : tài sản, của cải
- accommodation : chỗ ở
- effortless : ít nỗ lực hơn
 - commute = go -> commute to work: đi làm
- access (n, v) to = approach to = accost to : tiếp cận
-> accessible (a)
-> the easy access (n phrase),
-> SO access to địa điểm/Sth is easier, easily……, faster
- raise people’s awareness of : nâng cao nhận thức về…
- environment -friendly : thân thiện vs mt
- encourage so to V: khuyến khích ai đó làm gì…

-> you can invite your friends to the barbecue organized in your garden : tiệc
nướng được tổ chức trong vườn của bạn

CON NGUOI
- urban people = urban residents = urban inhabitants = city dwellers
- friendly
- Enthusiastic
- Hospitable
- Be willing to
- A sense of community
- Give so a hand

CONG VIEC
- job openings = job opportunities
- multinational company
- well-paid job = good job = desirable job
- stable income: thu nhập ổn định
- high salary : lương cao
- stable job: cv ổn định
- demand: nhu cầu
- working environment : mt làm việc
- job market: thị trg việc làm
- work efficiently = working productivity
- domestic company: cty nội địa
- international company: cty nc ngoài
- mushroom: mọc lên như nấm
- interaction: sự tương tác
- Profession : nghề nghiệp -> professional (a) chuyên nghiệp
- establish =found: thành lập
- personal relationship: mqh cá nhân
 - social rela..: mqh xã hội
- professional rela.: mqh làm ăn
- experience: kinh nghiệm
- retire (v) : về hưu -> retirement (n)

CO SO VAT CHAT
- infrastructure = public service
- wide >< narrow street
- public transport system
- public facilities
- recreational centers = entertainment centers
- healthcare service: dv chăm sóc sk
- medical center
- clinic
- huge blocks of flats : khối căn hộ lớn
- huge blocks of : khối lớn cái gì đó (ice, chocolate…)
- modern skyscrapers
- Skyscrapers >< cottages
- bothersome traffic jams : kẹt xe phiền toái
- breathtaking landscapes : phong cảnh ngoạn mục
-> free to admire breathtaking landscapes: peaceful hill, forest

- Ingredient = material (n): nguyên liệu

-
Các loại trường:
- State school: trường công
- International school: trg quốc tế
- Vocational school: trg nghề
- Foreign language center
- cultural diversity
- diverse (a) -> diversity (n)
-

GIAO THÔNG
- rush hour = peak time
- public transportation
- public transport system
- Give direction
- Destinations = places
 - Get/ be stuck in at rush hours
- Light traffic >< heavy traffi =The traffic is heavy…..
- Traffic jam = traffic congestion
- bothersome: phiền phức -> bothersome traffic jam

PHONG CANH
- breataking = beautiful views/ lanscapes
- tourist attractions: khu du lịch

FOOD
- ingredients = materials
- Recipe: công thức
- Home- grown vegetables
- Delicious = scrumptious
- Local specialties: đặc sản địa phương
THOI TIET
- Weather = climate
- Pleasant = comfortable
- Temperate = mild
- Changeable
- Extreme weather
- Hot and humid

CAC TINH TU
- be known for/ be famous for/ be well-know for = ac
- quire a reputation for
- Pay attention to = care
- Not pay attention to = ignore = don’t care
LETTER

GIVE INFORMATION ABOUT A CONCERT

Dear Mr. [Last Name],

Thank you for your interest in our upcoming concert. We are excited to share the
details with you. ( I am writing to give you….)

The concert will be held on September 2nd from 19:00 to 22:00 at Can Tho
University. The venue is easily accessible and offers a spacious environment to enjoy.
This concert will be performed by Soc Chuot, an excellent and famous band in Can
Tho. I believe that you will have a great experience.

Admission prices are as follows: Adults 100,000 VND, Children 50,000 VND. Tickets
can be purchased at the door or in advance through our website.

The seats are arranged based on the type of ticket, such as VIP seating or regular.

To register, please visit our website https://canthoconcert.com . You will find a

registration form and complete your information.

Finally, we do not have a dress code, so you are welcome to wear whatever makes
you feel confident and beautiful.

I hope the above information is helpful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if
you have any further questions.

Yours sincerely,
[Your Full Name]
[Your Position]
[Your Contact Information]

- instruction (n) -> instruct (v): hướng dẫn, chỉ dẫn

- restriction (n) -> restrict (v): hạn chế, giới hạn = limit (n,v)
- website
- teach = train = coach (n,v) = instruct: dạy, đào tạo
- train (n); xe lửa, (v): dạy

APOLOGIZE LETTER

Dear Sir/ Mr,

I am writing to apologize for….. (mục đích viết thư). I deeply regret my fault and I
would like to explain the reasons that led to this inconvenience.

I could not + V ….. because……. (nêu nội dung: lý do )

I sincerely apologize for any inconvenience ……. I am truly sorry. (xin lỗi chân thành
)
To make up for my mistake, I will + V (giải quyết ). I am willing to accept and
enforce any fines…../… to compensate.

(Để bù đắp cho lỗi lầm của mình, tôi sẽ + V (giải quyết). Tôi sẵn sàng chấp nhận và thực hiện
bất kỳ khoản tiền phạt nào…../… để đền bù.)

Thank you for taking the time to read my letter.

I am looking forward to receiving your reply soon.
Yours faithfully,

ĐỀ: missed a friend’s party

Dear Jane,
- How’s it going ? I hope you and your family are doing well. (hỏi thăm do thư
thân mật)
- I’m writing to apologize for missing your party. I deeply regret my absence
(vắng mặt) and I would like to explain the reasons that led to this
inconvenience. ( nêu mục đích viết thư xl :))
- I could not attend your party because unfortunately, on the same day, I had an
important test at school. Due to being immersed in a large amount of
knowledge, I completely forgot to call you before the party started.
- I sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused. I truly wanted to come and
enjoy it because it has been a long time since I last saw you, and I miss you so
much. (xin lỗi đi đm )
- To make up for my mistake, I am planning to fly to America to meet you.
Please wait for me.
- Thank you for taking the time to read my letter. (câu cửa mồm :v)
Hope to hear from you soon. (thân mật dùng này nhé).
Best wishes,

Lý do gây lỗi khác: )) đoạn dưới

I was sick and I felt too weak to leave the house. In fact, while I was preparing to
come to ..., I suddenly had a stomachache. I tried to rest and took some medicine but
The pain not only didn't work well but also was worse (tệ hơn), making me
exhausted (kiệt sức). Consequently, my mother took me to the hospital and I had to
stay at the hospital for 2 days. You know, I really wanted to come to the party and
have fun with you. I am truly sorry and appreciate your understanding.
To make up for my mistake, I would like to invite you to have dinner at my restaurant.

- appreciate : trân trọng (ờ p rí ci ây)

 - appropriate : phù hợp ( ờ p rố ri ệt)
=> 2 từ này khác nhau nha: giống khúc đầu “ appr”

- variety of dishes: sự đa dạng của thức ăn = various cuisines

- variety of food ( food: ko đếm đc, dish: dĩa or món ăn thì đếm đc nè)
= various = plenty of
cuisines: nhiều nền ẩm thực hả ta :))))

- carry out: tiến hành => carrying (v-ing)

- penalty: hình phạt =punishment ->> punish (v): phạt
- fine: tiền phạt
- rule, law

ADVERB
- as soon as : ngay khi, càng sớm càng tốt
- as well as : cũng như
- as long as : miễn là
- Are/ is as follow: là như sau