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LECTURE 2 - continuty with interval

The document discusses the concept of continuity in functions, defining it mathematically and providing examples to test continuity at specific points. It explains the conditions for a function to be continuous on a closed interval and includes a proof for the continuity of the function f(x) = √(9 - x) on the interval [-3, 3]. Various functions are analyzed to demonstrate the application of continuity principles.

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3 views

LECTURE 2 - continuty with interval

The document discusses the concept of continuity in functions, defining it mathematically and providing examples to test continuity at specific points. It explains the conditions for a function to be continuous on a closed interval and includes a proof for the continuity of the function f(x) = √(9 - x) on the interval [-3, 3]. Various functions are analyzed to demonstrate the application of continuity principles.

Uploaded by

A NI KA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 2

Continuity: A function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑎, provided lim → 𝑓(𝑥) exists, is


finite and is equal to 𝑓(𝑎). In other words, for 𝑓(𝑥) to be continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑎

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎).


→ →

⎧ 3 + 2𝑥 , − ≤𝑥<0
⎪
Q. Test the continuity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 − 2𝑥 , 0≤𝑥< at the point
⎨
⎪ −3 − 2𝑥 , 𝑥≥
⎩
𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = .

Solution: When 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 − 2𝑥

∴ 𝑓(0) = 3 − 2.0 = 3

Left hand limit= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → (3 + 2𝑥) = 3

Right hand limit= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → ( 3 − 2𝑥) = 3

Since, 𝑓(0) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥)

So 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0

Similarly for 𝑥 = .

−𝑥 , 𝑥≤0
5𝑥 − 4, 0<𝑥≤1
Q. Test the continuity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = at 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1 and
4𝑥 − 3𝑥, 1<𝑥<2
3𝑥 + 4, 𝑥≥2

𝑥 = 2.

𝑥+1, 𝑥<2
Q. Test the continuity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , 𝑥=2 at the point 𝑥 = 2 .
2𝑥 − 1 , 𝑥>2
𝑥+1, 𝑥<2
Q. Test the continuity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = at the point 𝑥 = 2 .
2𝑥 − 1 , 𝑥≥2
Continuous in a closed interval:
A function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be continuous on a closed interval [𝑎, 𝑏] if the following conditions
are satisfied

𝑓(𝑥) is continuous on (𝑎, 𝑏) i.e., 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐), 𝑎 < 𝑐 < 𝑏

𝑓(𝑥) is continuous from right at 𝑥 = 𝑎, i.e., 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)

𝑓(𝑥) is continuous from left at 𝑥 = 𝑏, i.e., 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑏)

Q. prove that 𝑓(𝑥) = √9 − 𝑥 is continuous on the closed interval [−3, 3].

Solution:

Here 𝑓(𝑥) = √9 − 𝑥

For 𝑥 = 𝑐 ∈ (−3, 3) we have

LHL=𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → √9 − 𝑥 = √9 − 𝑐 .

RHL=𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → √9 − 𝑥 = √9 − 𝑐 .

Now 𝑓(𝑐) = √9 − 𝑐 .

Since 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐), 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑐 ∈ (−3, 3).

Again,

𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → √9 − 𝑥 = 0 = 𝑓(−3) and

𝑙𝑖𝑚 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 → √9 − 𝑥 = 0 = 𝑓(3)

Hence 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous on [−3, 3].

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