IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES
IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES
EXTRA QUESTIONS
5. Write the modes by which insects affect the crop yield. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Insects have a damaging effect on the crop yield. Some insects cut the plant parts
inhibiting their growth while others suck the cell sap so bees cannot help in
pollination. Some insects are even seen as the bore which damage the entire crop
yield.
6. Why is excess use of fertilisers detrimental for the environment? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Fertilisers are inorganic chemicals which are not easily degraded. Excess use of
fertilisers causes environmental pollution as their residual and unused amounts will
become pollutants for air, water and soil.
7. Differentiate between compost and vermicompost. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Compost: It is prepared by the process in which farm waste materials like livestock
excreta, vegetable wastes, animal refuse, domestic waste, straw, eradicated weeds are
decomposed and used as manure. Vermicompost: It is the compost prepared from
organic matter using earthworms which hasten the process of decomposition.
8. An Italian bee variety A. mellifera has been introduced in India for honey production.
Write about its merits over other varieties. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Merits of Italian bee variety A. mellifera are:
It stings less.
It has high honey collection capacity.
It stays in the given beehive for longer periods and breeds very well.
10. List out some useful traits in improved crop? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Some useful traits in improved crops are:
11. Which factors should be taken into consideration for fish culture?
Answer:
The three important factors to be considered for fish culture are:
12. Name the indigenous fowls of India. Which among them is the most popular?
Answer:
Indigenous fowl varieties of India are:
Aseel
Ghagus
Chittagong
Busra
Of these, Aseel is the most popular, which provides high yield of meat but is a poor egg
layer.
13. What are the important precautions that should be taken in poultry farming?
Answer:
In poultry farming the following precautions should be taken:
14. What are poultry diseases and how can they be prevented?
Answer:
Poultry fowl suffer from a variety of diseases caused by virus (Dermitis), bacteria
(Tuberculosis), fungi (Aspergillosis), parasites like worms, mites as well as from
nutritional deficiencies. These necessitate proper cleaning, sanitation and spraying of
disinfectants at regular intervals. Appropriate vaccination can also prevent the
occurrence of infectious diseases and reduce the loss of poultry during an outbreak of
a disease.’
Question 15.
Why is animal husbandry essential?
Answer:
Animal husbandry is essential because of the following reasons:
Question 16.
What are the advantages of beekeeping?
Answer:
Following are the main advantages of beekeeping:
Along with getting honey on a commercial scale, other products like wax, royal
jelly and bee venom are also obtained from beekeeping.
Beekeeping requires low investments due to which farmers, along with
agriculture also do beekeeping to generate additional income.
It also helps in cross-pollination as pollens are transferred from one flower to
another by the bees while collecting nectar.
Question 17.
Name two infectious diseases each of cows, poultry and fishes.
Answer:
Answer : Pasturage is the flowering plants and trees found around an apiary. From
these, bees collect nectar and pollen to form honey.
Answer 20: Genetic manipulation is the addition and incorporation of the desirable
characteristic in an organism by the process of hybridization, mutation, DNA
recombination, etc.
20. How are fishes obtained? What are the advantages of composite fish
culture?
Answer : The fish are obtained by capture fishing and culture fishery.
Capture fishing means fish are captured from their natural resources. Culturing of
fish by fish farming is called Culture fishery.
In composite fish culture, the competition for food between the fish is
avoided.
All the species consume the food in the pond without any competition.
Total fish yield from the pond increases.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Mechanical Method: The weed plants are removed from the field either
manually or with the help of agricultural implements like uprooting or hand
hoeing or weeding with khurpi, ploughing, etc.
Cultural Method: This method includes:
Intercropping
Crop rotation
Chemical Methods: By Spraying chemicals that do not harm crop plants but
destroy only the weed plants, the latter can be controlled. These chemicals are
called weeclicides, e.g., 2, 4-D and atrazine.
Biological Method: As we know, some insects feed an particular weeds. Thus,
we use these insects as biological weed-controlling agents like the use of
cochineal insect to control Opuntia weed and the use of the grass carp fish to
control aquatic weeds.
2. If there is low rainfall in a village throughout the year, what measures will you
suggest to the farmers for better cropping? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
For better cropping in low rainfall areas, farmers can be suggested to:
3. Figure shows the two crop fields [plots A and B] have been treated by
manures and chemical fertilisers respectively, keeping other environmental
factors same.
Observe the graph and answer the following questions.
(i) Why does plot B show sudden increase and then gradual decrease in yield?
(ii) Why is the highest peak in plot A graph slightly delayed?
(iii) What is the reason for the different pattern of the two graphs? [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
(i) With the addition of chemical fertilisers there is sudden increase in yield
due to release of nutrients N,P,K, etc. in high quantity. The gradual decline in
the graph may be due to continuous use and high quantity of chemicals which
kills microbes useful for replenishing the organic matter in the soil. This
decreases the soil fertility.
(ii) Manures supply small quantities of nutrients to the soil slowly as it
contains large amounts of organic matter [Hint: Importance of organic matter
can be included]. It enriches soil with nutrients; thereby increasing soil fertility
continuously.
(iii) The differences in the two graphs indicate that use of manure is beneficial
for long duration in cropping as the yield tends to remain high when the
quantity of manure increases.
In case of plot B the chemical fertilisers may cause various problems when used
continuously for long time. Loss of microbial activity reduces decomposition of
organic matter and as a result, soil fertility is lost that affects the yield.
Discuss the role of hybridization in crop improvement.
Fishes are located easily Satellites and echo- Fishes can be located easily
and caught with a net. sounders are used for and can be caught using
locating large fish schools. simple fishing nets.