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NN optimizers

The document provides an overview of various neural network optimization methods aimed at improving performance by minimizing the loss function during training. Key methods include Gradient Descent variants, Momentum techniques, AdaGrad, RMSProp, Adam, and their extensions like AdamW and Nadam, along with learning rate scheduling and second-order optimization methods. Each method has unique characteristics and advantages, influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of training neural networks.

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4 views

NN optimizers

The document provides an overview of various neural network optimization methods aimed at improving performance by minimizing the loss function during training. Key methods include Gradient Descent variants, Momentum techniques, AdaGrad, RMSProp, Adam, and their extensions like AdamW and Nadam, along with learning rate scheduling and second-order optimization methods. Each method has unique characteristics and advantages, influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of training neural networks.

Uploaded by

sh.t.tigranyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Neural network optimization methods are algorithms used to improve the performance of

neural networks by efficiently minimizing the loss function during training. Here's an overview
of the most commonly used optimization methods:

1. Gradient Descent

Gradient descent is the simplest and most fundamental optimization algorithm. It adjusts the
neural network's parameters in the direction that decreases the loss function, based on its
gradient. There are three main variations:

●​ Batch Gradient Descent: Computes gradients using the entire training dataset in
one update, providing stable but slower convergence.
●​ Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD): Updates parameters based on the gradient
from a single randomly selected training example, leading to faster but noisy
convergence.
●​ Mini-Batch Gradient Descent: Combines the advantages of both by computing
gradients on small subsets (mini-batches) of data.

2. Momentum

Momentum is an improvement upon SGD that helps accelerate training and smooths
oscillations by keeping track of previous updates. This allows the optimization to build
momentum and move more consistently toward minima.

3. Nesterov Accelerated Gradient (NAG)

Nesterov momentum is a variant of momentum that computes gradients at an approximated


future position. It anticipates future positions, resulting in improved stability and faster
convergence.

4. AdaGrad

AdaGrad adapts the learning rate for each parameter individually, giving larger updates to
infrequent parameters and smaller updates to frequent parameters. This method is effective
for sparse data but tends to decrease the learning rate too aggressively over time, potentially
leading to slower convergence.

5. RMSProp

RMSProp improves upon AdaGrad by addressing its overly aggressive learning-rate decay.
It maintains a moving average of squared gradients to normalize the gradient updates,
adapting the learning rate more effectively during training.

6. Adam

Adam (Adaptive Moment Estimation) combines the ideas from momentum and RMSProp. It
keeps moving averages of both the gradients and their squares, which allows it to adapt
learning rates individually for each parameter. Adam is widely used due to its efficiency and
relatively straightforward tuning.

7. AdamW

AdamW is an extension of Adam that incorporates explicit weight decay regularization


separately from gradient-based updates. It often leads to improved generalization and
performance.

8. Nadam

Nadam combines Adam optimization with Nesterov momentum, further improving the speed
of convergence and often yielding superior results compared to standard Adam.

9. Learning Rate Scheduling

Learning rate schedulers systematically adjust the learning rate during training:

●​ Step Decay: Decreases learning rate by a fixed factor after a specified number of
epochs.
●​ Exponential Decay: Gradually reduces learning rate exponentially over time.
●​ Cosine Annealing: Periodically adjusts learning rates following a cosine curve,
promoting improved exploration of the optimization landscape.

10. Second-Order Optimization Methods

These methods use second-order derivatives (information about the curvature of the loss
surface):

●​ Newton's Method: Employs the Hessian matrix (second-order derivative


information) to adjust parameter updates. However, it's computationally expensive for
large neural networks.
●​ Quasi-Newton Methods (e.g., BFGS, L-BFGS): Approximate second-order
information, making them more practical for certain types of neural networks, though
still less common for very large networks due to computational demands.

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