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Assignment 2 ML

Machine learning models are categorized into three types: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Supervised models use labeled data for tasks like regression and classification, while unsupervised models analyze unlabeled data to find patterns. Reinforcement learning models learn through interaction with an environment to maximize rewards.

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37 views

Assignment 2 ML

Machine learning models are categorized into three types: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Supervised models use labeled data for tasks like regression and classification, while unsupervised models analyze unlabeled data to find patterns. Reinforcement learning models learn through interaction with an environment to maximize rewards.

Uploaded by

maureenngururi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Types of Machine Learning Models

Machine learning models can be broadly categorized into three types


based on the learning approach:

a. Supervised Learning Models


Supervised learning models are trained on labeled data, where the input
data (features) and the corresponding output (target) are provided. The
goal is to learn a mapping from inputs to outputs

Common Supervised Learning Models:


i. Linear Regression:Used for predicting continuous values (e.g.,
house prices, temperature). It models the relationship between input
features and the target variable as a linear equation.
Example: Predicting crop yield based on rainfall and fertilizer usage.

ii. Logistic Regression: It is used for binary classification tasks (e.g.,


spam detection, disease prediction). It Predicts the probability of an
event occurring (e.g., whether an email is spam or not).
iii.
iv. Decision Trees is a tree-like model that splits data into branches
based on feature values. Used for both classification and regression
tasks.
Example: Classifying whether a loan applicant is high-risk or low-risk.

v. Random Forest. This is an ensemble of decision trees that improves


accuracy and reduces over-fitting. It is used for classification and
regression tasks.
Example: Predicting customer churn in a subscription service.

vi. Support Vector Machines (SVM): are used for classification and
regression tasks to find the optimal hyperplane that separates data
points of different classes.
Example: Handwritten digit recognition.

vii. Neural Networks: is a set of interconnected layers of neurons used for


complex tasks like image and speech recognition.
Example: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image
classification.
b. Unsupervised Learning Models
Unsupervised learning models are trained on unlabeled data, where the
goal is to discover hidden patterns or structures in the data.

Common Unsupervised Learning Models:


i. K-Means Clustering: They group data points into clusters based on
similarity.Example: Segmenting customers based on purchasing
behavior.
ii. Hierarchical Clustering: Builds a hierarchy of clusters, either
agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-down).
Example: Organizing genes with similar expression patterns.
iii. Principal Component Analysis (PCA): Reduces the dimensional of
data while preserving its variance.
Example: Visualizing high-dimensional data in 2D or 3D.
iv. Apriori Algorithm: Used for association rule mining (e.g., market
basket analysis).
Example: Identifying products frequently bought together.
v. Auto-encoders: These are Neural networks used for dimensional
reduction and feature extraction.
Example: Anomaly detection in network traffic.

c. Reinforcement Learning models


Reinforcement learning models learn by interacting with an environment
and receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties. The goal is to
maximize cumulative rewards.

Common Reinforcement Learning Models:


1. Q-Learning: A model-free algorithm that learns the value of actions in
a given state.
Example: Training a robot to navigate a maze.

2. Deep Q-Networks (DQN): Combines Q-learning with deep neural


networks to handle high-dimensional state spaces.
Example: Playing video games like Atari.

3. Policy Gradient Methods: Directly optimize the policy (strategy) for


decision-making.
Example: Training autonomous vehicles.

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