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Unit 02 Capacitance of Transmission Line

The document discusses the capacitance of transmission lines, detailing the relationship between charge and potential difference, and the effects of capacitance under low load conditions. It explains the need for shunt reactors to equalize voltages and outlines various types of charges and electrostatic laws. Additionally, it covers the calculation of capacitance for single-phase and three-phase transmission lines, including examples and formulas for different configurations.

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84 views

Unit 02 Capacitance of Transmission Line

The document discusses the capacitance of transmission lines, detailing the relationship between charge and potential difference, and the effects of capacitance under low load conditions. It explains the need for shunt reactors to equalize voltages and outlines various types of charges and electrostatic laws. Additionally, it covers the calculation of capacitance for single-phase and three-phase transmission lines, including examples and formulas for different configurations.

Uploaded by

lovemovies4747
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit – II: Capacitance of Transmission Line.

❖ The capacitance between the conductors is the charge per unit potential difference
i.e. capacitance, farad

Where , Q = charge on the line in coulomb


V = p.d. between the conductors in volts

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❖ Under LOW LOAD / NO LOAD conditions due to charging current of the
capacitance of transmission line receiving end voltage Vr is greater than Vs. Due to
this higher Vr causing the insulation breakdown.
❖To make Vr=Vs , under LOW LOAD / NO LOAD condition a SHUNT REACTOR
is connected in parallel to the load.

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Types of Charges:

Point charges: Electron ------→ Coulombs

Surface Charge: Plate capacitor ----→ Coulombs/m2

Volume Charge: Spherical Charge----→ Coulombs/m3

Line charge: Transmission line -----→ Coulombs/m

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Laws of Electrostatics

1. Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.

2. Coulombs law: The law states that the mechanical force, attraction or
repulsion, between the two small charged bodies is,
✓Directly proportional to the product of the charges present on the bodies.
✓Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies and
✓Depends upon the nature of the medium surrounding the bodies.

Where,
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Key Point:
Thus, one coulomb of charge may be defined as that charge, which, when
placed in the air or vacuum at a distance of one meter an equal and similar
charge is repelled by a force of

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Electric Potential and Electric Field Intensity

1) Potential at a charged single conductor and Capacitance

Assumptions:
1. A transmission line assumed to be a line charge.
2. Charge is uniformly distributed on the surface of the conductor.
Let the conductor operate at such
a potential (VA) that charge QA
coulombs per metre exists on the
conductor.
The electric intensity E at a distance
x from the centre of the conductor in
air is given by:

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Where,

As “x” approaches infinity, the value of “E” approaches zero.

Let Consider, d distance

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Therefore,

2.Potential at a Conductor in a Group of Charged Conductors:

Consider a group of long


straight conductors A, B, C etc.
operating at potentials such
that charges QA, QB, Qc etc.
coulomb per metre length exist
on the respective conductors
(see Fig.).
Let us find the potential at A
(i.e. VA) in this arrangement.

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Potential at A due to, its own charge (i.e. QA)

Potential at conductor A due to charge QB

Potential at conductor A due to charge Qc

Overall potential difference between conductor A and infinite neutral


plane is

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Capacitance of a Single Phase Two Wire Line
Consider a Capacitance of a Single Phase Two Wire Line consisting of two
parallel conductors A and B spaced d metres apart in air. Suppose that
radius of each conductor is r metres is shown in Fig. Let their respective
charge be + Q and – Q coulombs per metre length.

The total p.d. between conductor A and neutral “infinite” plane is

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Similarly, p.d. between conductor B and neutral “infinite” plane is

Both these potentials are w. r. t. the same neutral plane. Since unlike
charges attract each other, the potential difference between the
conductors is

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1) A single-phase transmission line has two parallel conductors 3 metres
apart, radius of each conductor being 1 cm. Calculate the capacitance of
the line per km. Given that ε0
=8·854 × 10−12 F/m.

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Capacitance of Three Phase Overhead Line
1.Symmetrical Spacing
Three conductors A, B and C of the 3-phase
overhead transmission line having charges QA,
QB and QC per metre length respectively.
Let the conductors be equidistant (d metres)
from each other.
The capacitance from line conductor to neutral
in this symmetrically spaced line. Referring to
Fig, overall potential difference between
conductor A and infinite neutral plane is given
by

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Assuming Balanced supply, we have

Capacitance of conductor A w.r.t neutral

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2) A 3-phase overhead transmission line has its conductors arranged at
the corners of an equilateral triangle of 2 m side. Calculate the
capacitance of each line conductor per km.
Given that diameter of each conductor is 1·25 cm.

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3) Calculate the capacitance of a 100 km long 3-phase, 50 Hz overhead
transmission line consisting of 3 conductors, each of diameter 2 cm and
spaced 2·5 m at the corners of an
equilateral triangle.

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3) A 3-phase, 50 Hz, 66 kV overhead line conductors are placed in a
horizontal plane as shown in Fig. The conductor diameter is 1·25 cm. If
the line length is 100 km, calculate (i) capacitance per phase, (ii) charging
current per phase, assuming complete transposition of the line.

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2.Unsymmetrical Spacing
Shows a 3-phase transposed line having unsymmetrical spacing. Let us
assume balanced conditions i.e. QA + QB + QC = 0

Considering all the three sections of the transposed line for phase A,

Potential of 1st position,

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Potential of 2nd position

Potential of 3rd position

Average voltage on conductor A is

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Capacitance from conductor to neutral is

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