tablaASCII
tablaASCII
Each printable character is assigned a number called its ASCII code. For example, A is
assigned the number 65. The ASCII codes are the numbers from 0 to 255 inclusive. Certain
of these ASCII codes correspond to control actions rather than to letters. For example, the
escape key has the ASCII code 27.
The IBM PC keyboard allows for many key combinations than the standard set of ASCII
code allows. For this reason, the IBM uses extended ASCII codes in addition to the
standard ones. An extended ASCII code consists of two numbers: a zero followed by one
of the numbers 0 – 255.
Any ASCII codes that don’t appear in the above list may not be generated from the
keyboard.
Designing custom characters :
A character in graphics mode is displayed in a rectangle 8 pixels wide and 8 pixels high.
Note that it does not matter whether the character is displayed in medium-resolution or
high-resolution mode. The rectangle is always 8 x 8. For example, the figure below
contains the pixels displayed for the letter A.
Each character may described by a series of bytes, corresponding to the various rows of
the rectangle. This description is simplest in high-resolution graphics mode. In this case,
each pixel corresponds to a single bit, proceeding from left to right. For example here are
the bits corresponding to the letter A.
Note that each row of the rectangle corresponds to a single byte, or two hexadecimal
digits, in hexadecimal, the letter “A” may be represented by the bytes
The ASCII character set (ASCII codes 0-127) is stored in ROM, coded in exactly the
fashion we have described above for high resolution graphics mode. That is, each
character is described by a sequence of 8 bytes. This table of bytes begins at memory
location F000:FA6E, if you do not find this table at this memory location, perhaps you
should snoop around in your computer’s memory. The simplest way to do this is to use the
program DEBUG, which is on your operating system, obtain the DOS prompt c:> and type
debug <enter>
Type D followed by any address. For example, to display the contents of memory
beginning at location F000:FA6E, type
D F000:FA6E <enter>
The DEBUG program will display the contents of 128 consecutive memory locations
beginning with F000:FA6E. You will see something like this.
-d f000:fa6e
F000:FA60 00 00 ..
F000:FA70 00 00 00 00 00 00 7E 81-A5 81 BD 99 81 7E 7E FF ......~......~~.
F000:FA80 DB FF C3 E7 FF 7E 6C FE-FE FE 7C 38 10 00 10 38 .....~l...|8...8
F000:FA90 7C FE 7C 38 10 00 38 7C-38 FE FE 7C 38 7C 10 10 |.|8..8|8..|8|..
F000:FAA0 38 7C FE 7C 38 7C 00 00-18 3C 3C 18 00 00 FF FF 8|.|8|...<<.....
F000:FAB0 E7 C3 C3 E7 FF FF 00 3C-66 42 42 66 3C 00 FF C3 .......<fBBf<...
F000:FAC0 99 BD BD 99 C3 FF 0F 07-0F 7D CC CC CC 78 3C 66 .........}...x<f
F000:FAD0 66 66 3C 18 7E 18 3F 33-3F 30 30 70 F0 E0 7F 63 ff<.~.?3?00p...c
F000:FAE0 7F 63 63 67 E6 C0 99 5A-3C E7 E7 3C 5A 99 .ccg...Z<..<Z.
Tabla de caracteres ASCII
C:\debug
- d c000:94A1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C000:94A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7E 81 A5 81 BD 99 81 ~......
C000:94B0 7E 7E FF DB FF C3 E7 FF-7E 6C FE FE FE 7C 38 10 ~~......~l...|8.
C000:94C0 00 10 38 7C FE 7C 38 10-00 3C 3C 18 FF E7 18 3C ..8|.|8..<<....<
C000:94D0 00 10 38 7C FE EE 10 38-00 00 00 18 3C 3C 18 00 ..8|...8....<<..
C000:94E0 00 FF FF E7 C3 C3 E7 FF-FF 00 3C 66 42 42 66 3C ..........<fBBf<
C000:94F0 00 FF C3 99 BD BD 99 C3-FF 0F 07 0F 7D CC CC CC ............}...
C000:9500 78 3C 66 66 66 3C 18 7E-18 08 0C 0A 0A 08 78 F0 x<fff<.~......x.
C000:9510 00 18 14 1A 16 72 E2 0E-1C 10 54 38 EE 38 54 10 .....r....T8.8T.
C000:9520 00 80 E0 F8 FE F8 E0 80-00 02 0E 3E FE 3E 0E 02 ...........>.>..
C000:9530 00 18 3C 5A 18 5A 3C 18-00 66 66 66 66 66 00 66 ..<Z.Z<..fffff.f
C000:9540 00 7F DB DB DB 7B 1B 1B-00 1C 22 38 44 44 38 88 .....{...."8DD8.
C000:9550 70 00 00 00 00 7E 7E 7E-00 18 3C 5A 18 5A 3C 18 p....~~~..<Z.Z<.
C000:9560 7E 18 3C 5A 18 18 18 18-00 18 18 18 18 5A 3C 18 ~.<Z.........Z<.
C000:9570 00 00 18 0C FE 0C 18 00-00 00 30 60 FE 60 30 00 ..........0`.`0.
C000:9580 00 00 00 C0 C0 C0 FE 00-00 00 24 42 FF 42 24 00 ..........$B.B$.
C000:9590 00 00 10 38 7C FE FE 00-00 00 FE FE 7C 38 10 00 ...8|.......|8..
C000:95A0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 18 3C 3C 18 18 00 18 .... .....<<....
C000:95B0 00 6C 24 24 00 00 00 00-00 6C 6C FE 6C FE 6C 6C .l$$.....ll.l.ll
C000:95C0 00 10 7C D0 7C 16 FC 10-00 00 66 AC D8 36 6A CC ..|.|.....f..6j.
C000:95D0 00 38 4C 38 78 CE CC 7A-00 30 10 20 00 00 00 00 .8L8x..z.0. ....
C000:95E0 00 18 30 60 60 60 30 18-00 60 30 18 18 18 30 60 ..0```0..`0...0`
C000:95F0 00 00 66 3C FF 3C 66 00-00 00 30 30 FC 30 30 00 ..f<.<f...00.00.
C000:9600 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 10-20 00 00 00 FC 00 00 00 ......0. .......
C000:9610 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30-00 02 06 0C 18 30 60 C0 .......0.....0`.
C000:9620 00 7C CE DE F6 E6 E6 7C-00 18 38 78 18 18 18 7E .|.....|..8x...~
C000:9630 00 7C C6 06 1C 70 C6 FE-00 7C C6 06 3C 06 C6 7C .|...p...|..<..|
C000:9640 00 1C 3C 6C CC FE 0C 1E-00 FE C0 FC 06 06 C6 7C ..<l...........|
C000:9650 00 7C C6 C0 FC C6 C6 7C-00 FE C6 0C 18 30 30 30 .|.....|.....000
C000:9660 00 7C C6 C6 7C C6 C6 7C-00 7C C6 C6 7E 06 C6 7C .|..|..|.|..~..|
C000:9670 00 00 30 00 00 00 30 00-00 00 30 00 00 00 30 10 ..0...0...0...0.
C000:9680 20 0C 18 30 60 30 18 0C-00 00 00 7E 00 00 7E 00 ..0`0.....~..~.
C000:9690 00 60 30 18 0C 18 30 60-00 78 CC 0C 18 30 00 30 .`0...0`.x...0.0
C000:96A0 00 7C 82 9E A6 9E 80 7C-00 7C C6 C6 FE C6 C6 C6 .|.....|.|......
C000:96B0 00 FC 66 66 7C 66 66 FC-00 7C C6 C0 C0 C0 C6 7C ..ff|ff..|.....|
C000:96C0 00 FC 66 66 66 66 66 FC-00 FE 62 68 78 68 62 FE ..fffff...bhxhb.
C000:96D0 00 FE 62 68 78 68 60 F0-00 7C C6 C6 C0 CE C6 7E ..bhxh`..|.....~
C000:96E0 00 C6 C6 C6 FE C6 C6 C6-00 3C 18 18 18 18 18 3C .........<.....<
C000:96F0 00 1E 0C 0C 0C CC CC 78-00 E6 66 6C 78 6C 66 E6 .......x..flxlf.
C000:9700 00 F0 60 60 60 62 66 FE-00 82 C6 EE FE D6 C6 C6 ..```bf.........
C000:9710 00 C6 E6 F6 DE CE C6 C6-00 7C C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 7C .........|.....|
C000:9720 00 FC 66 66 7C 60 60 F0-00 7C C6 C6 C6 D6 DE 7C ..ff|``..|.....|
C000:9730 06 FC 66 66 7C 66 66 E6-00 7C C6 C0 7C 06 C6 7C ..ff|ff..|..|..|
C000:9740 00 7E 5A 5A 18 18 18 3C-00 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 7C .~ZZ...<.......|
C000:9750 00 C6 C6 C6 C6 6C 38 10-00 C6 C6 D6 FE EE C6 82 .....l8.........
C000:9760 00 C6 6C 38 38 38 6C C6-00 66 66 66 3C 18 18 3C ..l888l..fff<..<
C000:9770 00 FE C6 8C 18 32 66 FE-00 78 60 60 60 60 60 78 .....2f..x`````x
C000:9780 00 C0 60 30 18 0C 06 02-00 78 18 18 18 18 18 78 ..`0.....x.....x
C000:9790 00 10 38 6C C6 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ..8l............
C000:97A0 FF 30 20 10 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 78 0C 7C CC 76 .0 ........x.|.v
C000:97B0 00 E0 60 60 7C 66 66 7C-00 00 00 7C C6 C0 C6 7C ..``|ff|...|...|
C000:97C0 00 1C 0C 0C 7C CC CC 76-00 00 00 7C C6 FE C0 7C ....|..v...|...|
- d c000:97D0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C000:97D0 00 1C 36 30 78 30 30 78-00 00 00 76 CC CC 7C 0C ..60x00x...v..|.
C000:97E0 78 E0 60 6C 76 66 66 E6-00 18 00 38 18 18 18 3C x.`lvff....8...<
C000:97F0 00 00 0C 00 1C 0C 0C CC-78 E0 60 66 6C 78 6C E6 ........x.`flxl.
C000:9800 00 38 18 18 18 18 18 3C-00 00 00 CC FE D6 D6 D6 .8.....<........
C000:9810 00 00 00 DC 66 66 66 66-00 00 00 7C C6 C6 C6 7C ....ffff...|...|
C000:9820 00 00 00 DC 66 66 7C 60-F0 00 00 7C CC CC 7C 0C ....ff|`...|..|.
C000:9830 1E 00 00 DE 76 60 60 F0-00 00 00 7C C0 7C 06 7C ....v``....|.|.|
C000:9840 00 10 30 FC 30 30 34 18-00 00 00 CC CC CC CC 76 ..0.004........v
C000:9850 00 00 00 C6 C6 6C 38 10-00 00 00 C6 D6 D6 FE 6C .....l8........l
C000:9860 00 00 00 C6 6C 38 6C C6-00 00 00 CC CC CC 7C 0C ....l8l.......|.
C000:9870 F8 00 00 FC 98 30 64 FC-00 0E 18 18 30 18 18 0E .....0d.....0...
C000:9880 00 18 18 18 00 18 18 18-00 E0 30 30 18 30 30 E0 ..........00.00.
C000:9890 00 76 DC 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 10 38 6C C6 C6 FE .v.........8l...
C000:98A0 00 7C C6 C0 C0 C6 7C 18-70 CC 00 CC CC CC CC 76 .|....|.p......v
C000:98B0 00 0E 10 7C C6 FE C0 7C-00 7C 82 38 0C 7C CC 76 ...|...|.|.8.|.v
C000:98C0 00 CC 00 78 0C 7C CC 76-00 E0 10 78 0C 7C CC 76 ...x.|.v...x.|.v
C000:98D0 00 30 30 78 0C 7C CC 76-00 00 00 7C C0 C0 7C 18 .00x.|.v...|..|.
C000:98E0 70 7C 82 7C C6 FE C0 7C-00 C6 00 7C C6 FE C0 7C p|.|...|...|...|
C000:98F0 00 E0 10 7C C6 FE C0 7C-00 66 00 38 18 18 18 3C ...|...|.f.8...<
C000:9900 00 7C 82 38 18 18 18 3C-00 E0 10 38 18 18 18 3C .|.8...<...8...<
C000:9910 00 C6 00 7C C6 FE C6 C6-00 38 38 7C C6 FE C6 C6 ...|.....88|....
C000:9920 00 0E 10 FE 60 78 60 FE-00 00 00 7C 12 7E D0 7E ....`x`....|.~.~
C000:9930 00 7E C8 C8 FE C8 C8 CE-00 7C 82 7C C6 C6 C6 7C .~.......|.|...|
C000:9940 00 C6 00 7C C6 C6 C6 7C-00 E0 10 7C C6 C6 C6 7C ...|...|...|...|
C000:9950 00 7C 82 CC CC CC CC 76-00 E0 10 CC CC CC CC 76 .|.....v.......v
C000:9960 00 CC 00 CC CC CC 7C 0C-F8 C6 7C C6 C6 C6 C6 7C ......|...|....|
C000:9970 00 C6 00 C6 C6 C6 C6 7C-00 18 7C D6 D0 D6 7C 18 .......|..|...|.
C000:9980 00 38 6C 60 F0 60 F2 DC-00 66 3C 18 7E 18 7E 18 .8l`.`...f<.~.~.
C000:9990 00 F8 CC F8 C4 CC DE CC-06 0E 1B 18 3C 18 18 D8 ............<...
C000:99A0 70 0E 10 78 0C 7C CC 76-00 0E 10 38 18 18 18 3C p..x.|.v...8...<
C000:99B0 00 0E 10 7C C6 C6 C6 7C-00 0E 10 CC CC CC CC 76 ...|...|.......v
C000:99C0 00 66 98 DC 66 66 66 66-00 66 98 E6 F6 DE CE C6 .f..ffff.f......
C000:99D0 00 38 0C 3C 34 00 7E 00-00 38 6C 6C 38 00 7C 00 .8.<4.~..8ll8.|.
C000:99E0 00 30 00 30 60 C6 C6 7C-00 00 00 00 FC C0 C0 00 .0.0`..|........
C000:99F0 00 00 00 00 FC 0C 0C 00-00 C0 C8 D0 FE 46 8C 1E .............F..
C000:9A00 00 C0 C8 D0 EC 5C BE 0C-00 18 00 18 18 3C 3C 18 .....\.......<<.
C000:9A10 00 00 36 6C D8 6C 36 00-00 00 D8 6C 36 6C D8 00 ..6l.l6....l6l..
C000:9A20 00 22 88 22 88 22 88 22-88 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 .".".".".U.U.U.U
C000:9A30 AA DB 77 DB EE DB 77 DB-EE 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 ..w...w.........
C000:9A40 18 18 18 18 18 F8 18 18-18 18 18 F8 18 F8 18 18 ................
C000:9A50 18 36 36 36 36 F6 36 36-36 00 00 00 00 FE 36 36 .6666.666.....66
C000:9A60 36 00 00 F8 18 F8 18 18-18 36 36 F6 06 F6 36 36 6........66...66
C000:9A70 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36-36 00 00 FE 06 F6 36 36 666666666.....66
C000:9A80 36 36 36 F6 06 FE 00 00-00 36 36 36 36 FE 00 00 666......6666...
C000:9A90 00 18 18 F8 18 F8 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 F8 18 18 ................
C000:9AA0 18 18 18 18 18 1F 00 00-00 18 18 18 18 FF 00 00 ................
C000:9AB0 00 00 00 00 00 FF 18 18-18 18 18 18 18 1F 18 18 ................
C000:9AC0 18 00 00 00 00 FF 00 00-00 18 18 18 18 FF 18 18 ................
C000:9AD0 18 18 18 1F 18 1F 18 18-18 36 36 36 36 37 36 36 .........6666766
C000:9AE0 36 36 36 37 30 3F 00 00-00 00 00 3F 30 37 36 36 66670?.....?0766
C000:9AF0 36 36 36 F7 00 FF 00 00-00 00 00 FF 00 F7 36 36 666...........66
C000:9B00 36 36 36 37 30 37 36 36-36 00 00 FF 00 FF 00 00 666707666.......
- d c000:9B10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C000:9B10 00 36 36 F7 00 F7 36 36-36 18 18 FF 00 FF 00 00 .66...666.......
C000:9B20 00 36 36 36 36 FF 00 00-00 00 00 FF 00 FF 18 18 .6666...........
C000:9B30 18 00 00 00 00 FF 36 36-36 36 36 36 36 3F 00 00 ......6666666?..
C000:9B40 00 18 18 1F 18 1F 00 00-00 00 00 1F 18 1F 18 18 ................
C000:9B50 18 00 00 00 00 3F 36 36-36 36 36 36 36 FF 36 36 .....?6666666.66
C000:9B60 36 18 18 FF 18 FF 18 18-18 18 18 18 18 F8 00 00 6...............
C000:9B70 00 00 00 00 00 1F 18 18-18 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF ................
C000:9B80 FF 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF-FF F0 F0 F0 F0 F0 F0 F0 ................
C000:9B90 F0 0F 0F 0F 0F 0F 0F 0F-0F FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 ................
C000:9BA0 00 00 00 74 CC C8 DC 76-00 78 CC D8 CC C6 C6 DC ...t...v.x......
C000:9BB0 40 FE 62 60 60 60 60 F0-00 00 02 7E EC 6C 6C 48 @.b````....~.llH
C000:9BC0 00 FE 62 30 18 30 62 FE-00 00 00 7E D0 C8 C8 70 ..b0.0b....~...p
C000:9BD0 00 00 00 CC CC CC CC F8-80 00 00 7E D8 18 18 10 ...........~....
C000:9BE0 00 38 10 7C D6 D6 7C 10-38 7C C6 C6 FE C6 C6 7C .8.|..|.8|.....|
C000:9BF0 00 7C C6 C6 C6 6C 28 EE-00 3C 22 18 7C CC CC 78 .|...l(..<".|..x
C000:9C00 00 00 00 66 99 99 66 00-00 00 06 7C 9E F2 7C C0 ...f..f....|..|.
C000:9C10 00 00 00 7C C0 F8 C0 7C-00 00 7C C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 ...|...|..|.....
C000:9C20 00 00 FE 00 FE 00 FE 00-00 18 18 7E 18 18 00 7E ...........~...~
C000:9C30 00 30 18 0C 18 30 00 7C-00 18 30 60 30 18 00 7C .0...0.|..0`0..|
C000:9C40 00 0E 1B 1B 18 18 18 18-18 18 18 18 18 18 D8 D8 ................
C000:9C50 70 00 18 00 7E 00 18 00-00 00 76 DC 00 76 DC 00 p...~.....v..v..
C000:9C60 00 38 6C 38 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 18 18 00 00 .8l8............
C000:9C70 00 00 00 00 00 18 00 00-00 0F 0C 0C 0C EC 6C 3C ..............l<
C000:9C80 00 D8 6C 6C 6C 00 00 00-00 F0 30 C0 F0 00 00 00 ..lll.....0.....
C000:9C90 00 00 00 3C 3C 3C 3C 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...<<<<.........
C000:9CA0 00