ADCS Two Tier PKI Hierarchy Deployment

Detailed guide for Basic Configuration

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Introduction and overview of the Test Lab:

There are five computers/machines involved in this two-tier PKI hierarchy lab.
1. There is one domain controller (DC01) that is also running Active Directory-integrated Domain Name Service (DNS).
This computer will also provide the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) location for the CDP and the
AIA point for the PKI configuration.
2. One Standalone Offline Root CA (CA01).
3. One Enterprise Issuing CA (CA02).
4. One Web Server (SRV1) (HTTP CDP/AIA) and
5. One Windows 10 (Win10) Client computer.

AD DS forest – encryptionconsulting.com

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 Virtual Machine Roles OS Type IP Address Subnet mask Preferred DNS
server
DC01.encryptioncon- DC & DNS – LDAP Windows Server 2019 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.10
sulting.com CDP/AIA
CA01 Standalone Offline Windows Server 2019 NA NA NA
Root CA
CA02.encryptioncon- Enterprise Issuing CA Windows Server 2019 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.10
sulting.com
SRV1.encryptioncon- Web Server - HTTP Windows Server 2019 192.168.1.13 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.10
sulting.com CDP/AIA
WIN10.encryption- Windows Client Windows 10 192.168.1.14 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.10
consulting.com Computer

Major Steps:
There are eight major steps in this step-by-step guide as listed below (each includes several sub tasks).
1. Install the Active Directory Forest
2. Prepare the web server for CDP and AIA publication
3. Install the standalone offline root CA
4. Perform post installation configuration steps on the standalone offline root CA
5. Install Subordinate Issuing CA
6. Perform the post installation configuration on the subordinate issuing CA
7. Install and configure the online responder
8. Verify the PKI hierarchy health

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1: Active Directory Forest
Task 1: Configure Server Name and Network Settings
Name server DC01 and create network for this lab:
1. Log in as DC01 and the local administrator.
2. Select Start, type ncpa.cpl and press ENTER.
3. When on Network Connections, right-click the Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
3.1. If there are more than one Local Area Connection icons in the Network Connections, you want to modify the one that is connected
to network segment shared by all the computers that you have installed for this lab.
3.2. Click the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then click Properties.
3.3. Select the Use the Following IP address. Configure the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway appropriately for
your test network.
• IP Address: 192.168.1.10
• Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
• Default gateway: <optional>
4. Select the Use the following DNS server address. Configure the Preferred DNS server for the IP address of your domain controller.
Click OK. Click Close.
o Preferred DNS Server: 192.168.1.10
5. Click Start, type sysdm.cpl and press ENTER. Click Change.
6. In Computer name, type DC01 and then click OK.
7. When prompted that you need to restart the computer, click OK. Click Close. Click Restart Now.

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Task 2: Install a new forest by using Server Manager
To install the EncryptionConsulting.com forest:
1. Log onto DC01 as DC01\Administrator.
2. Open Server Manager. Select Start, click Administrative Tools, and then click Server Manager.
3. In the console tree, right-click Manage and then click Add Roles & Features
4. On the Before You Begin page, click Next.
5. On the Select Installation type, click Role Based or Feature Based installation
6. On Server Selection, select server from server pool and click on DC01. Then click Next
7. On the Select Server Roles page, select Active Directory Domain Services. Click Next.
o If prompted by the Add Roles Wizard, click Add Required Features and then click Next.
8. On the Features page, click next.
9. On the Active Directory Domain Services page, click Next.
10. On the Confirm Installation Selections page, click Install.
11. When completed, Click the hyperlink to Promote this server to a domain controller

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12. On the Welcome to the Active Directory Domain Services Installation Wizard page, click Next.
13. On the Deployment Configuration page, select Add a new forest, Specify Forest Root Domain page, in FQDN of the forest
root domain, type EncryptionConsulting.com, and then click Next.

14. On the Set Forest Functional Level page, in the Forest functional level drop down menu, select Windows Server 2016 and
then click Next

On the Directory Services Restore Mode Administrator Password page, type and confirm the restore mode password, and then click
Next. This password must be used to start Restore Mode for tasks that must be performed offline.

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 DNS server is selected by default so that your forest DNS infrastructure can be created during AD DS installation. In our scenario we are
going to use Active Directory–integrated DNS so we have selected to install DNS

15. On the Additional Options page, click Next.

If no static IP address assigned for network adapter, a warning message appears advising you to set static addresses.
The wizard displays a message indicating that it cannot create a delegation for the DNS server. Click Yes to continue.

16. On the Location for Database, Log Files, and SYSVOL page, click Next.

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17. On the Prerequisites Check page, review your selections and click install Active Directory Domain Services.

18. Wait for some time until installation completes and system restarts.

NOTE: If you are using Active Directory-integrated DNS, the IP address for the Preferred DNS server for the first domain controller in the forest
is automatically set to the loopback address of 127.0.0.1. This helps assure that the IP address of the first domain controller will be resolved in
DNS even if the static IP address of the server is changed. If you prefer to configure actual IP address of the DNS sever rather than loop-
backaddress, then replace it with 192.168.1.10 after the restart.

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Task 3: HTTP Web Server: CDP and AIA Publication
1. Log on to SRV1 as the local administrator
2. Click Start, type ncpa.cpl and press ENTER.
3. In Network Connections, right-click the Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
o If there are more than one Local Area Connection icons in the Network Connections, you want to modify the one that is
connected to network segment shared by all the computers that you have installed for this lab.
4. Click the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then click Properties.
5. Select the Use the Following IP address. Configure the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway appropriately for your test
network.
o IP Address: 192.168.1.13
o Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
o Default gateway: <optional>
6. Select the Use the following DNS server address. Configure the Preferred DNS server for the IP address of your domain controller.
Click OK. Click Close.
o Preferred DNS Server: 192.168.1.10
7. Click Start, type sysdm.cpl and press ENTER. Click Change.
8. In Computer name, type SRV1 and then click OK.
9. When prompted that you need to restart the computer, click OK. Click Close. Click Restart Now.
10. After SRV1 restarts, log on as a local administrator.
11. Click Start, type sysdm.cpl and press ENTER. Click Change.
12. In Member of, select Domain, and then type EncryptionConsulting.com Click OK.
13. In Windows Security, enter the User name and password for the domain administrator account. Click OK.
14. You should be welcomed to the Encryption Consutling domain. Click OK.
15. When prompted that a restart is required, click OK. Click Close. Click Restart Now.

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Task 4: Install Web Server (IIS) Role
1. Log on to SRV1.EncryptionConsulting.com as Encryptionconsu\Administrator. (Ensure that you switch user to log on as
Encryptionconsu\Administrator)
2. Open Server Manager.
3. Right-click on Roles and then select Add Roles.
4. On the Before You Begin page select Next.
5. On the Select Installation type page, Select Role-based or feature-based installation

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6. On Select Destination Server, select server from server pool and click on SRV1.EncryptionConsulting.com, then click Next

7. On the Select Server Roles page select Web Server (IIS) and then click Next

8. On the Select features page, click next

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9. On Web Server (IIS) page, click Next

10. Leave the defaults on Select Role Services page and then click Next.

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11. On Confirm Installation Selections page, click Install.

12. On the Installation Results page, click Close

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Task 5: Create CertEnroll Folder and grant Share & NTFS Permissions to
Cert Publishers group
1. Log onto SRV1.EncryptionConsulting.com as Encryptionconsu\Administrator.
2. Click Start and select Computer to open Windows Explorer and then go to C: drive.
3. Create folder called CertEnroll at the root of C: drive.
4. Right-click on CertEnroll folder and select Properties.

5. On CertEnroll Properties page select Sharing tab to configure share permissions.

6. Click on Advanced Sharing option and then select Share this folder.
7. Click on Permissions and then click Add.
8. On Select Users or Groups page, in the Enter the object names to select, type Encryptionconsu\Cert Publishers and then click OK.
9. On Permissions for CertEnroll dialog box, select Cert Publishers group and then in the Allow column select Change permission.
Click OK twice to go back to CertEnroll Properties page.

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10. Select Security tab and click Edit to configure NTFS permissions.
11. On Permissions for CertEnroll page click Add.
12. On Select Users or Groups page, under the Enter the object names to select, enter EncryptionConsulting\Cert Publishers and
then click OK.
13. On Permissions for CertEnroll page highlight Cert Publishers group and then under the Allow column select Modify permission.
Click OK.

14. On CertEnroll Properties page, click OK.

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Task 6: Create CertEnroll Virtual Directory in IIS
1. Ensure you are logged on to SRV1.EncryptionConsulting.com as Encryptionconsu\Administrator.
2. Click Start, Administrative Tools and then select Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager.
3. On the Connections, expand SRV1 and then expand Sites.
4. Right-click on Default Web Site and select Add Virtual Directory.
5. On Add Virtual Directory page, in Alias, type CertEnroll. In Physical path, type C:\Certenroll, and then click OK.

6. In the Connections pane, under the Default Web Site, ensure the CertEnroll virtual directory is selected.
7. In the CertEnroll Home pane, double-click on Directory Browsing.
8. In Actions pane click Enable.

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Task 7: Enable Double Escaping on IIS Server
Allowing double escaping makes it possible for the web server to host Delta CRLs.
1. Ensure you are logged on to SRV1.EncryptionConsulting.com as Encryptionconsu\Administrator.
2. Open a Command Prompt. To do so, click Start, click Run, and then type cmd. Click OK.
3. Then type cd %windir%\system32\inetsrv\ and press ENTER.
4. Type following command and press Enter. Appcmd set config “Default Web Site” /section:system.webServer/Security/re
questFiltering -allowDoubleEscaping:True
5. Restart IIS service. To do so, type iisreset and press ENTER.

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Task 8: Create CNAME (pki.EncryptionConsulting.com) in DNS
1. Ensure that you are logged on to DC01.EncryptionConsulting.com as Encryptionconsu\Administrator.
2. Open the DNS Console. You can do so by clicking Start, click Run, and then type dnsmgmt.msc. Click OK.
3. Expand Forward Lookup Zones, select and then right-click EncryptionConsulting.com zone. Click New Alias (CNAME).
4. In Alias name (uses parent domain if left blank), type PKI. In the Fully qualified domain name (FQDN) for target host field,
type SRV1.EncryptionConsulting.com. and then click OK.
Note - Include the terminating “.” in the FQDN in the previous step. In a production environment this alias can
resolve to a lad balancer which distributes requests to any number of web servers that contain the CA certificates
and CRLs.

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Activity 2: Install the Standalone Offline Root CA
The standalone offline root CA should not be installed in the domain. As a matter of fact, it should not even be connected to a network at all.

Task 1: Create a CAPolicy.inf for the standalone offline root CA

To create a CAPolicy.inf for the standalone offline root CA:
1. Log onto CA01 as CA01\Administrator.
2. Click Start, click Run and then type notepad C:\Windows\CAPolicy.inf and press ENTER.
3. When prompted to create new file, click Yes.
4. Type in following as contents of the file.
[Version]
Signature=”$Windows NT$”
[Certsrv_Server]
RenewalKeyLength=2048 ; recommended 4096
RenewalValidityPeriod=Years
RenewalValidityPeriodUnits=20
AlternateSignatureAlgorithm=0

Click File and Save to save the CAPolicy.inf file under C:\Windows directory.
Warning CAPolicy.inf with the .inf extension. Type .inf at the end of the file name and select the options as
described, the file will be saved as a text file and will not be used during CA installation.
5. Close Notepad.

NOTE: Make sure you change the computer name as “CA01”. Windows > Run > sysdm.cpl > Change the
computer name and restart the machine.

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Task 2: Installing the Standalone Offline Root CA
To install the standalone offline root CA:
1. Log onto CA01 as CA01\Administrator.
2. Click Start, click Administrative Tools, and then click Server Manager.
3. Right-click on Roles and then click Add Roles.
4. On the Before You Begin page click Next.
5. On the Installation Type page, choose Role based or Featured based installation and then click Next.
6. On the server selection page, click next.
7. On the Select Server Roles page select Active Directory Certificate Services, and then click Next.

8. On the select features page, click next.

9. On the Introduction to Active Directory Certificate Services page, click Next.

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10. On the Select Role Services page, ensure that Certification Authority is selected, and then Next.

11. On the confirmation page, click install

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12. Click on configure “Active Directory Certificate Services on the destination server”.
13. On the Specify Credential to configure roles and services page, credential should be CA01\Administrator, then click Next.
14. On the Select Role services to configure page, choose Certificate Authority and then click Next.
15. On the Specify Setup Type page, ensure that Standalone is selected, and then click Next.
o Note: Enterprise option is greyed out as CA01 server is not joined to Active Directory domain.

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16. On the Specify CA Type page, ensure that Root CA is selected, and then click Next.

17. On the Set Up Private Key page, ensure that Create a new private key is selected, and then click Next.

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 18. Leave the defaults on the Configure Cryptography for CA page, and then click Next.
o Important: In a production environment, you would set the CSP, Hash Algorithm, and Key length to meet
application compatibility requirements.

19. On Configure CA Name page, under Common name for this CA, clear the existing entry and type
EncryptionConsulting Root CA. Click Next.
Note: A Distinguished Name Suffix is optional for a root CA. This will be configured in a later step.

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 20. On Set Validity Period page, under Select validity period for the certificate generated for this CA, clear the existing
entry and then type 20. Leave the selection box set to Years. Click Next.

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21. Keep the default settings on the Configure Certificate Database page, and then click Next.

22. On the Confirm Installation Selections page, review the settings, and then click Configure.

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 23. Review the information on the Installation Results page to verify that the installation is successful and then click Close.

Activity 3: Perform Post Installation Configuration for Root CA

1. Ensure that you are logged on to CA01 as CA01\Administrator.
2. Open a command prompt. To do so, you can click Start, click Run, type cmd and then click OK.
3. To define Active Directory Configuration Partition Distinguished Name, run the following command from an
administrative command prompt:
o Certutil -setreg CA\DSConfigDN “CN=Configuration,DC=EncryptionConsulting,DC=com”
4. To define CRL Period Units and CRL Period, run the following commands from an administrative command prompt:
o Certutil -setreg CA\CRLPeriodUnits 52
o Certutil -setreg CA\CRLPeriod “Weeks”
o Certutil -setreg CA\CRLDeltaPeriodUnits 0
5. To define CRL Overlap Period Units and CRL Overlap Period, run the following commands from an administrative
command prompt:
o Certutil -setreg CA\CRLOverlapPeriodUnits 12
o Certutil -setreg CA\CRLOverlapPeriod “Hours”
6. To define Validity Period Units for all issued certificates by this CA, type following command and then press Enter.
In this lab, the Enterprise Issuing CA should receive a 10 year lifetime for its CA certificate. To configure this, run
the following commands from an administrative command prompt:
o Certutil -setreg CA\ValidityPeriodUnits 10
o Certutil -setreg CA\ValidityPeriod “Years”

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Task 1: Enable Auditing on the Root CA
CA auditing depends on system Audit Object Access to be enabled. The following instructions describe how to use Local
Security Policy to enable object access auditing.
1. Click Start, click Administrative Tools, and then select Local Security Policy.
2. Expand Local Policies and then select Audit Policy.
3. Double click Audit Object Access and then select Success and Failure then click OK.

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 4. Close Local Security Policy editor.
5. Enable auditing for the CA by selecting which group of events to audit in the Certificate Authority MMC snap-in or
by configuring AuditFilter registry key setting. To configure Auditing for all CA related events, run the following command from
an administrative command prompt: Certutil -setreg CA\AuditFilter 127

Task 2: Configure the AIA and CDP

There are multiple different methods for configuring the Authority Information Access (AIA) and certificate revocation list distribution point
(CDP) locations. You can use the user interface (in the Properties of the CA object), certutil, or directly edit the registry. The AIA is used to point
to the public key for the certification authority (CA). The CDP is where the certificate revocation list is maintained, which allows client
computers to determine if a certificate has been revoked. In this lab there will be three locations for the AIA and four locations for the CDP.

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Task 3: Configure the AIA
Using a certutil command is a quick and common method for configuring the AIA. When you run the following certutil command, you will be
configuring a static file system location, a lightweight directory access path (LDAP) location, and http location for the AIA. The certutil
command to set the AIA modifies the registry, so ensure that you run the command from an command prompt run as Administrator. Run the
following command:
certutil -setreg CA\CACertPublicationURLs “1:C:\Windows\system32\CertSrv\CertEnroll\ %1_%3%4.crt\n2:ldap:///CN=%7,CN=AIA,
CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,%6%11\n2:http://pki.EncryptionConsulting.com/CertEnroll/%1_%3%4.crt”
After you have run that command, run the following command to confirm your settings:
certutil -getreg CA\CACertPublicationURLs
If you look in the registry, under the followingpath:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\CertSvc\Configuration\EncryptionConsulting Root CA, you can confirm the
CACertPublicationURLs by opening that REG_MULTI_SZ value. You should see the following:
1:C:\Windows\system32\CertSrv\CertEnroll\%1_%3%4.crt
2:ldap:///CN=%7,CN=AIA,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,%6%11
2:http://pki.EncryptionConsulting.com/CertEnroll/%1_%3%4.crt
You can also see this in the the CA (certsrv) console. To open the console, click Start, click Administrative Tools, and then click Certification
Authority. In the navigation pane, expand the Certificate Authority(Local). Right-click EncryptionConsulting Root CA and then click Prop-
erties. On the Extensions tab, under Select extension, click Authority Information Access (AIA) and you will see the graphical
representation of the AIA settings.

Task 4: Configure the CDP

The certutil command to set the CDP modifies the registry, so ensure that you run the command from an command
certutil -setreg CA\CRLPublicationURLs “1:C:\Windows\system32\CertSrv\CertEnroll\%3%8%9.crl\n10:ldap:///CN=%7%8,CN=%2,
CN=CDP,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,%6%10\n2:http://pki.EncryptionConsulting.com/CertEnroll/%3%8%9.crl”
After you run that command, run the following certutil command to verify your settings:
certutil -getreg CA\CRLPublicationURLs

In the registry
location: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\CertSvc\Configuration\EncryptionConsulting Root CA you can
open the REG_MULTI_SZ valueand see the configuration of these values:
1:C:\Windows\system32\CertSrv\CertEnroll\%3%8%9.crl
10:ldap:///CN=%7%8,CN=%2,CN=CDP,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,%6%10
2:http://pki.EncryptionConsulting.com/CertEnroll/%3%8%9.crl
You can also see this in the the CA (certsrv) console. To open the console, click Start, click Administrative Tools, and then click Certification
Authority. In the navigation pane, ensure that Certificate Authority (Local) is expanded. Right-click EncryptionConsultng Root CA and
then click Properties. On the Extensions tab, under Select extension, click CRL Distribution Point (CDP) and you will see the graphical
representation of the CDP settings.
At an administrative command prompt, run the following commands to restart Active Directory Certificate Services and to publish the CRL.
net stop certsvc
Net start certsvc
certutil -crl

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Activity 4: Install Enterprise Issuing CA
Task 1: Join CA02 to the domain
1. Log on to CA02 as the local administrator.
2. Click Start, type ncpa.cpl and press ENTER.
3. In Network Connections, right-click the Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
4. Click the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then click Properties.
5. Select the Use the Following IP address. Configure the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway appropriately for
your test network.
o IP Address: 192.168.1.12
o Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
o Default gateway: <optional>
6. Select the Use the following DNS server address. Configure the Preferred DNS server for the IP address of your domain controller.
Click OK. Click Close.
o Preferred DNS Server: 192.168.1.10
7. Click Start, type sysdm.cpl and press ENTER. Click Change.
8. In Computer name, type CA02 and then click OK.
9. When prompted that you need to restart the computer, click OK. Click Close. Click Restart Now.
10. After CA02 restarts, log on as a local administrator.
11. Click Start, type sysdm.cpl and press ENTER. Click Change.
12. In Member of, select Domain, and then type EncryptionConsulting.com. Click OK.
13. In Windows Security, enter the User name and password for the domain administrator account. Click OK.
14. You should be welcomed to the EncryptionConsulting domain. Click OK.
15. When prompted that a restart is required, click OK. Click Close. Click Restart Now.

Task 2: Create CAPolicy.inf for Enterprise Root CA

1. Log onto CA02.EncryptionConsulting.com as EncryptionConsulting\Administrator. (Ensure that you switch user to log on as
EncryptionConsulting\Administrator)
2. Click Start, select Run and then type notepad C:\Windows\CAPolicy.inf and press ENTER.
3. When prompted to create new file, click Yes.
4. Type in following as content of the file.
[Version]
Signature=”$Windows NT$”
[PolicyStatementExtension]
Policies=InternalPolicy
[InternalPolicy]

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 OID= 1.2.3.4.1455.67.89.5
URL=http://pki.EncryptionConsulting.com/cps.txt
[Certsrv_Server]
RenewalKeyLength=2048
RenewalValidityPeriod=Years
RenewalKeyLength=2048
RenewalValidityPeriod=Years
AlternateSignatureAlgorithm=0
5. Click File and Save to save the CAPolicy.inf file under C:\Windows directory.

Important: Ensure that the CAPolicy.inf is saved as an .inf file. The file will not be used if it is saved with any other file extension.
6. Close Notepad.

Task 3: Publish the Root CA Certificate and CRL

1. Ensure you are logged on to CA02. EncryptionConsulting.com as EncryptionConsulting\Administrator.
2. Copy Root CA Certificate (CA01_EncryptionConsulting Root CA.crt) and Root CA CRL(EncryptionConsulting Root CA.crl) files from
C:\Windows\System32\CertSrv\CertEnroll directory on CA01 server to removable media (A:).
3. On CA02, to publish EncryptionConsulting Root CA Certificate and CRL in Active Directory, run the following commands at an
administrative command prompt. Ensure that you substitute the correct drive letter of your removable media (for A:) in the
commands that follow:
certutil -f -dspublish “A:\CA01_EncryptionConsulting Root CA.crt” RootCA
certutil -f -dspublish “A:\EncryptionConsulting Root CA.crl” CA01
4. To publish EncryptionConsulting Root CA Certificate and CRL to http://pki. EncryptionConsulting.com/CertEnroll, copy
EncryptionConsulting Root CA Certificate and CRL to \\srv1.
EncryptionConsulting.com\C$\CertEnroll directory. Run the following commands from an administrative command prompt.
Ensure that you substitute the correct drive letter of your removable media (for A:)
copy “C:\CA01_EncryptionConsulting Root CA.crt” \\SRV1.EncryptionConsulting.com\C$\CertEnroll\
copy “C:\EncryptionConsulting Root CA.crl” \\SRV1.EncryptionConsulting.com\C$\CertEnroll\
5. To add EncryptionConsulting Root CA Certificate and CRL in CA02. EncryptionConsulting.com local store, run the following
command from an administrative command prompt. Ensure that you substitute the correct drive letter of your removable media
(for A:) in the commands that follow:
o certutil -addstore -f root “CA01_ EncryptionConsulting Root CA.crt”
o certutil -addstore -f root “ EncryptionConsulting CA.crl”

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Activity 5: Install Subordinate Issuing CA
Subordinate issuing CA on CA02. EncryptionConsulting com:
1. Ensure that you are logged on to CA02. EncryptionConsulting.com as EncryptionConsulting\Administrator.
2. Open Server Manager.
3. Right-click Roles and then select Add Roles.
4. On the Before You Begin page select Next.

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5. On the Installation Type page, choose Role based or Featured based installation and then click Next.
6. On the server selection page, click next.
7. On the Select Server Roles page select Active Directory Certificate Services, and then click Next.

8. On the Select features page, click Next.

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 9. On the Introduction to Active Directory Certificate Services page, click Next.

10. On the Select Role Services page, select Certification Authority and Certification Authority Web Enrollment. If you see the
Add Roles Wizard, click Add Required Role Services. Click Next.

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11. On the Web Server Role IIS page, click Next.
12. Leave the Role Services as default and click Next.
13. On the confirmation page, review the details and click Install.

14. Click on “configure Active Directory Certificate Services on the destination server”.
15. On the Specify Credential to configure roles and services page, credential should be Encryptionsu\Administrator, then click Next.

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 16. On the Select Role services to configure page, select Certificate Authority and Certificate Authority Web Enrollment then
click Next.

17. On the Specify Setup Type page, ensure that Enterprise is selected, and then click Next.

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18. On the Specify CA Type page, select Subordinate CA, and then click Next

19. On the Set Up Private Key page, ensure that Create a new private key is selected, and then click Next.

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 20. Leave the defaults on the Configure Cryptography for CA page, then click Next.
Important: When installing in a production environment,
the CSP, Hash Algorithm and Key length selected must support application compatibility requirements.

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 21. On Configure CA Name page, clear the existing entry for Common name for this CA box, and enter EncryptionConsulting Issuing
CA, then select Next.
Note - Distinguished Name Suffix is automatically populated and should not be modified.

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 22. On the Request certificate from a parent CA page, select Save a certificate request to file on the target machine option then
click Next.

23. Leave the defaults on the Configure Certificate Database page, and then click Next.

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24. On the Confirm Installation Selections page, click configure.

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 25. Review the information on the Installation Results page to verify that the installation is successful and then click Close.
o The following warning message is expected: “The Active Directory Certificate Services installation is incomplete. To
complete the installation, use the request file “C:\CA02.EncryptionConsulting.com_EncryptionConsulting-CA02-CA.req”
to obtain a certificate from the parent CA. Then, use the Certification Authority snap-in to install the certificate. To
complete this procedure, right-click the node with the name of the CA, and then click Install CA Certificate.
The operation completed successfully. 0x0 (WIN32: 0).”

26. Copy C:\ CA02.EncryptionConsulting.com_EncryptionConsulting-CA02-CA.req to your removable media. For example, if you
want to copy to a floppy disk drive using the drive letter A:, you would run the following command from a command prompt:
o copy “C:\CA02. EncryptionConsulting.com_ EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA.req” A:\

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Task 1: Submit the Request and Issue EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA
Certificate
To submit the certificate request and issue the requested certificate:
1. Ensure that you are logged on to CA01 as CA01\Administrator. Place the removable media with the certificate request into CA01.
2. On CA01, open an administrative command prompt. Then, submit the request using the following command (assuming that A:\
is your removable media drive letter):
o certreq -submit “A:\CA02.EncryptionConsulting.com_EncryptionConsulting-CA02-CA.req”
o Note: Pay attention to the RequestID number that is displayed after you submit the request. You will use this number
when retrieving the certificate.
3. In the Certification Authority List dialog box, ensure that EncryptionConsulting Root CA is selected and then click OK
4. Open the Certification Authority console. To do so, click Start, click Administrative Tools, click Certification Authority.
5. In the certsrv [Certification Authority (Local)] dialog box, in the console tree, expand EncryptionConsulting Root CA.
6. Click Pending Requests. In the details pane, right-click the request you just submitted, click All Tasks, and then click Issue.

7. Return to the administrative command prompt to accept the issued certificate by running the following command. Ensure
that you substitute the appropriate drive letter of your removable media for A: as well as the correct RequestID for 2:
o certreq -retrieve 2 “A:\ CA02.EncryptionConsulting.com_EncryptionConsulting-CA02-CA.crt”
8. In the Certification Authority List dialog box, ensure that EncryptionConsulting Root CA is selected and then click OK.

Task 2: Install the Encryption Consulting Issuing CA Certificate on CA02

To install the certificate and start the Certification Authority service on CA02:
1. Ensure that you are logged on to CA02. EncryptionConsulting.com as EncryptionConsu\Administrator. Place the removable media
with the issued certificate for CA02. EncryptionConsulting.com into CA02.
2. Open the Certification Authority console.
3. In the Certification Authority console tree, right-click EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA, and then click Install CA Certificate.
4. In the Select file to complete CA installation, navigate to your removable media. Ensure that you are displaying All Files (*.*)
and click the CA02.EncryptionConsulting.com_EncryptionConsulting-CA02-CA certificate. Click Open.

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 5. In the console tree, right-click EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA, click All Tasks, and then click Start Service.
6. In the console tree, expand EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA and then click Certificate Templates. Notice there are no
certificates shown in the details pane. This is because the CAPolicy.inf specified not to install the default templates in the line
LoadDefaultTemplates=0.

Activity 6: Perform Post Installation Configuration Tasks on the

Subordinate Issuing CA
There are multiple settings to configure to complete the installation of the issuing CA. These are like the tasks that were needed to complete
the configuration of the root CA.

Task 1: Configure Certificate Revocation and CA Certificate Validity

Periods
To configure certificate revocation and CA certificate validity periods:
1. Ensure that you are logged on to CA02. EncryptionConsulting.com as EncryptionConsu\Administrator.
2. Configure the CRL and Delta CRL settings by running the following command from an administrative command prompt:
o Certutil -setreg CA\CRLPeriodUnits 1
o Certutil -setreg CA\CRLPeriod “Weeks”
o Certutil -setreg CA\CRLDeltaPeriodUnits 1
o Certutil -setreg CA\CRLDeltaPeriod “Days”
3. Define CRL overlap settings by running the following command from an administrative command prompt:
o Certutil -setreg CA\CRLOverlapPeriodUnits 12
o Certutil -setreg CA\CRLOverlapPeriod “Hours”
4. The default setting for Validity Period is 2 years in registry. Adjust this setting accordingly to meet your needs of entity
certificate’s lifetime issued from EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA. It is recommended that you do not configure validity periods
that are longer than half of total lifetime of EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA certificate, which was issued to be valid for 10 years.
To limit issued certificates to 5 years, run the following commands from an administrative command prompt:
o Certutil -setreg CA\ValidityPeriodUnits 5
o Certutil -setreg CA\ValidityPeriod “Years”

Task 2: Enable Auditing on the Issuing CA

CA auditing depends on system Audit Object Access to be enabled. The following instructions describe how to use Local Security Policy to
enable object access auditing.
1. Click Start, click Administrative Tools, and then select Local Security Policy.

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 2. Expand Local Policies and then select Audit Policy.
3. Double click Audit Object Access and then select Success and Failure then click OK.

4. Close Local Security Policy editor.

5. Enable auditing for the CA by selecting which group of events to audit in the Certificate Authority MMC snap-in or by configuring
AuditFilter registry key setting. To configure Auditing for all CA related events, run the following command from an administrative
command prompt:
Certutil -setreg CA\AuditFilter 127

Task 3: Configure the AIA

Using a certutil command is a quick and common method for configuring the AIA. When you run the following certutil command, you will be
configuring a static file system location, a lightweight directory access path (LDAP) location, and http location for the AIA. The certutil
command to set the AIA modifies the registry, so ensure that you run the command from an command prompt run as Administrator. Run the
following command:
certutil -setreg CA\CACertPublicationURLs “1:C:\Windows\system32\CertSrv\CertEnroll\%1_%3%4.crt\n2:ldap:///CN=%7,CN=AIA,
CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,%6%11\n2:http://pki.EncryptionConsulting.com/CertEnroll/%1_%3%4.crt”

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After you have run that command, run the following command to confirm your settings:
certutil -getreg CA\CACertPublicationURLs
If you look in the registry, under the following
path: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\CertSvc\Configuration\EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA, you can
confirm the CACertPublicationURLs by opening that REG_MULTI_SZ value. You should see the following:
1:C:\Windows\system32\CertSrv\CertEnroll\%1_%3%4.crt
2:ldap:///CN=%7,CN=AIA,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,%6%11
2:http://pki.EncryptionConsulting.com/CertEnroll/%1_%3%4.crt
You can also see this in the the CA (certsrv) console. To open the console, click Start, click Administrative Tools, and then click Certification
Authority. In the navigation pane, expand the Certificate Authority (Local). Right-click EncryptionConsulting Root CA and then click
Properties. On the Extensions tab, under Select extension, click Authority Information Access (AIA) and you will see the graphical
representation of the AIA settings.
From an administrative command prompt, run the following command to copy the EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA certificate to the http AIA
location:
copy “c:\Windows\System32\certsrv\certenroll\CA02 EncryptionConsulting.com_ EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA.crt” \\srv1.Encryp-
tionConsulting.com\c$\certenroll\

Task 4: Configure the CDP

The certutil command to set the CDP modifies the registry, so ensure that you run the command from an command prompt run as
Administrator. Run the following command:
certutil -setreg CA\CRLPublicationURLs “65:C:\Windows\system32\CertSrv\CertEnroll\%3%8%9.crl\n79:ldap:///CN=%7%8,CN=%2,
CN=CDP,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,%6%10\n6:http://pki. EncryptionConsulting.com/CertEnroll/%3%8%9.crl\n65:\\srv1.
EncryptionConsulting.com\CertEnroll\%3%8%9.crl”
After you run that command, run the following certutil command to verify your settings:
certutil -getreg CA\CRLPublicationURLs
In the registry
location:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\CertSvc\Configuration\EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA you can
open the REG_MULTI_SZ value and see the configuration of these values:
65:C:\Windows\system32\CertSrv\CertEnroll\%3%8%9.crl
79:ldap:///CN=%7%8,CN=%2,CN=CDP,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,%6%10
6:http://pki.EncryptionConsulting.com/CertEnroll/%3%8%9.crl
65:\\srv1.EncryptionConsulting.com\CertEnroll\%3%8%9.crl
You can also see this in the the CA (certsrv) console. To open the console, click Start, click Administrative Tools, and then click Certification
Authority. In the navigation pane, ensure that Certificate Authority(Local) is expanded. Right-click EncryptionConsulting Root CA and then
click Properties. On the Extensions tab, under Select extension, click CRL Distribution Point (CDP) and you will see the graphical
representation of the CDP settings.
At an administrative command prompt, run the following commands to restart Active Directory Certificate Services and to publish the CRL.
net stop certsvc && net start certsvc
certutil -crl

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Activity 7: Install and Configure the Online Responder Role Service

Task 1: Install the Online Responder Role Service on SRV1

1. Ensure that you are logged on to SRV1. EncryptionConsulting.com as EncryptionConsu\Administrator.
2. Open Server Manager.
3. Right click on Roles, and then click Add Roles.
4. On the Before You Begin page, then select Next.
5. On the Select Installation type page, select Role-based or feature-based installation and then click Next.
6. On the Server Selection page, click Next.
7. On the Select Server Roles page, select Active Directory Certificate Services and then click Next.

8. On the Features page, click Next.

9. On Introduction to Active Directory Certificate Services page, click Next.

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10. On the Select Role Services page, clear the Certification Authority, and then select Online Responder. Click Next.
o Note: You do not want to install a Certification Authority on SRV1.EncryptionConsulting.com, so you are clearing that
checkbox.
o If the Add role services and features required for Online Responder page appears, click Add Required Role Services
and then click Next. Then, on the Web Server (IIS), click Next.

11. On the Confirm Installation Selections page, click Install. Click Close when the installation is complete.

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12. Click on “Configure Active Directory Certificate Services on the destination server”, on the Credential Page, make sure
Encryptionconsu\Administrator is mentioned, then click Next.

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 14. On the confirmation page, verify the details and click Next.

Task 2: Add the OCSP URL to the Encryption Consulting Issuing CA

To add the OCSP URL to the EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA:
1. Ensure that you are logged on to CA02. EncryptionConsulting.com as EncryptionConsu\Administrator
2. In the Certification Authority console, in the console tree, right-click EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA, and then click Properties.
3. On the Extensions tab, under Select extension, select Authority Information Access (AIA), and then click Add.
4. In Location, type http://srv1.EncryptionConsulting.com/ocsp and then click OK.
5. Select Include in the online certificate status protocol (OCSP) extension.
o Note: A common misconfiguration is to select both checkboxes in the Extensions tab, which is incorrect.
Ensure that Include in the online certificate status protocol (OCSP) extension checkbox is the only one selected.

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 6. Click OK. When prompted by the Certification Authority dialog box to restart Active Directory Certificate Services, click Yes.
Important: The EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA will now include http://srv1. EncryptionConsulting.com/ocsp URL as part of
Authority Information Access (AIA) extension in all newly issued certificates issued or renewed or re-enrolled certificates. However, certificates
enrolled from EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA prior to this change will not have this URL.

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Task 3: Configure and Publish the OCSP Response Signing Certificate on
the Encryption Consulting Issuing CA
To configure the OCSP response signing certificate:
1. On CA02. EncryptionConsulting.com, ensure that you are logged on as EncryptionConsu\Administrator.
2. In the Certification Authority console, ensure that the EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA is expanded in the console tree.
3. Right-click on Certificate Templates and then click Manage. Certificate Templates opens and displays the certificate templates
stored in Active Directory.
4. In the details pane (middle pane) right-click OCSP Response Signing and then click Properties.
5. On the Security tab click Add. Click Object Types.
6. In the Object Types dialog box, select Computers and then click OK.
7. In Enter the object names to select, type SRV1 and then click Check Names. Click OK.
8. Ensure that SRV1 is selected and in the Allow column, ensure that the Read and Enroll permissions are selected. Click OK.
9. Close Certificate Templates MMC console.
10. In certsrv console, right-click Certificate Templates, then select New and then select Certificate Template to Issue.
11. In the Enable Certificate Templates dialog box, click OCSP Response Signing and the click OK.

Task 4: Configure Revocation Configuration on the Online Responder

To configure the revocation configuration:
1. On SRV1.EncryptionConsulting.com, ensure that you are logged on as EncryptionConsu\Administrator.
2. Open Server Manager navigate to Tools and click on “Online Responder Management”.
3. Right-click Revocation Configuration and then click Add Revocation Configuration.

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4. On the Getting Started with Adding a Revocation Configuration page click Next.

5. In Name, enter EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA, and then click Next.

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 6. On the Select CA Certificate Location page ensure that Select a certificate for an Existing enterprise CA is selected,
then click Next.

7. On the Choose CA Certificates page, ensure that Browse CA certificates published in Active Directory is selected, and then
click Browse.
8. On the Select Certification Authority dialog box, ensure that EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA is selected, and then click OK.
Click Next.

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9. Leave the defaults on the Select Signing Certificate page, and then click Next.

10. On the Revocation Provider page, click Provider.

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 11. Review the choices listed for OCSP Responder to down CRLs in the form of LDAP and HTTP locations.
o Note: Depending on your needs you could select either the LDAP or HTTP as your primary location for OCSP Responder to
download CRLs. You can change order for LDAP and HTTP URLs using Move Up or Move Down button. Leave the
defaults as they appear.

12. Clear the Refresh CRLs based on their validity periods. In the Update CRLs at this refresh interval (min) box, type 15, and
then click OK. Click Finish.
o Note: Modifying this setting to download CRLs at a faster rate than the CRLs normal expiration makes it possible for the
OCSP responder to rapidly download new CRLs rather than use the last downloaded CRLs normal expiration date. Pro
duction needs may differ from the value chosen here.
13. In the Certification Authority console, expand Array Configuration and then click SRV1.
14. Review Revocation Configuration Status in the middle pane to ensure there is a signing certificate present and the status
reports as OK. The provider is successfully using the current configuration.

Task 5: Configure Group Policy to Provide the OCSP URL for the
EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA
This configuration would only be needed to allow existing certificate holders to take advantage of a new OCSP responder without having to
re-enroll new certificates with the required OCSP URL added in them.
1. Ensure you are logged on to DC01. EncryptionConsulting.com as EncryptionConsu\Administrator.
2. Open an administrative command prompt and run the following commands:
o cd\
o certutil -config “ca02.EncryptionConsulting.com\EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA”
-ca.cert EncryptionConsultingissuingca.cer
3. Click Start, click Run, and then type gpmc.msc. Press ENTER.
4. Expand Forest, expand Domains, expand EncryptionConsulting.com, and then expand Group Policy Objects.
5. Right click Default Domain Policy, then click Edit.
6. Under Computer Configuration, expand Policies, expand Windows Settings, expand Security Settings, and then expand
Public Key Policies.
7. Right-click Intermediate Certification Authorities, and then click Import.

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8. On the Welcome to Certificate Import Wizard page, click Next.

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9. In File name, type C:\EncryptionConsultingissuingca.cer, and then click Next.

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10. On the Certificate Store page, click Next.
11. On the Completing the Certificate Import Wizard, click Finish, and then click OK.

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12. In the console tree, select Intermediate Certification Authorities.
13. In the details pane, right-click EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA certificate, then click Properties.
14. On the OCSP tab, in Add URL enter http://srv1.EncryptionConsulting.com/ocsp, and then click Add URL. Click OK.

15. Close the Group Policy Management Editor and then close Group Policy Management console.

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Activity 8: Verify the PKI Hierarchy Health
Task 1: Win10
1. Log on to WIN10 as the local administrator.
2. Click Start, type ncpa.cpl and press ENTER.
3. In Network Connections, right-click the Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
o If there are more than one Local Area Connection icons in the Network Connections, you want to modify the one that is
connected to network segment shared by all the computers that you have installed for this lab.
4. Click the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then click Properties.
5. Select the Use the Following IP address. Configure the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway appropriately for your
test network.
o IP Address: 192.168.1.14
o Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
o Default gateway: <optional>
6. Select the Use the following DNS server address. Configure the Preferred DNS server as the IP address of your domain controller.
Click OK. Click Close.
o Preferred DNS Server: 192.168.1.10.
7. Click Start, type sysdm.cpl and press ENTER. Click Change. (Ensure the computer name is already set to WIN10 - otherwise
change it)
8. In Member of, select Domain, and then type EncryptionConsulting.com. Click OK.
9. In Windows Security, enter the Username and password for the domain administrator account. Click OK.
10. You should be welcomed to the EncryptionConsulting domain. Click OK.
11. When prompted that a restart is required, click OK. Click Close. Click Restart Now.

Task 2: Check PKI Health with Enterprise PKI

To use the Enterprise PKI console to check PKI health:
1. On CA02. EncryptionConsulting.com, ensure that you are logged on as EncryptionConsu\Administrator.
2. Open Server Manager.
3. In the console tree, under Roles and Active Directory Certificate Services, click Enterprise PKI.
o Alternatively, you can run Enterprise PKI by running PKIView.msc from an administrative command prompt.
4. Right click Enterprise PKI and then click Manage AD Containers.

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 5. On the NTAuthCertificates tab, verify the EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA certificate appears with a status of OK.
6. On the AIA Container tab, verify both the EncryptionConsulting Root CA and the EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA certificates
are present with a status of OK.
7. On CDP Container tab, verify EncryptionConsulting Root CA base CRL, EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA base, and the Delta
CRLs are present with a status of OK.
8. On Certification Authorities Container, verify EncryptionConsulting Root CA certificate is present with a status of OK.
9. On Enrollment Services Container, verify EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA certificate is present with a status of OK.

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Task 3: Configure Certificate Distribution on the Encryption
Consulting Issuing CA
To publish a certificate for computers in the enterprise:
1. On CA02. EncryptionConsulting.com, ensure that you are logged on as EncryptionConsu\Administrator.
2. In the Certification Authority console, ensure that EncryptionConsulting Issuing CA is expanded.
3. Right-click Certificate Templates select New and select Certificate Template to Issue.
4. On the Enable Certificate Templates dialog box, click Workstation Authentication, page and then click OK.

Task 4: Obtain a Certificate Using WIN10 and Verify PKI Health

To obtain a certificate for WIN10 and verify PKI health:
1. Log into Win10. EncryptionConsulting.com as EncryptionConsu\Administrator. (Ensure that you switch user to log on as
EncryptionConsu\Administrator)
2. Click Start, type mmc and then press ENTER.
3. Click File, and then click Add/Remove Snap-in.

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4. Click Certificates, then click Add. Select Computer Account, and then click Finish. Click OK.

5. Expand Certificates, right click Personal, click All Tasks, and then click Request New Certificate.
6. On the Before you begin page, click Next.
7. On the Select Certificate Enrollment Policy page, click Next.
8. Select Workstation Authentication, click Enroll. When the certificate is enrolled, click Enroll.

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 9. In the console tree, expand Personal, click Certificates. In the details pane, right click the win10. EncryptionConsulting.com
certificate, click All Tasks, and then click Export.
10. On the the Welcome to Certificate Export Wizard page, click Next.

65
 11. On the Export Private Key, click Next. (No, do not export the private key is selected by default).

12. On the Export File Format page, click Next. [DER encoded binary X.509 (.CER) is the default selection].
13. On the File to Export page, type C:\win10, and then click Next.
14. On the Completing the Certificate Export Wizard page, click then Finish, and then click OK.
15. Open a command prompt and run the following commands: (To open a command prompt, click Start, type cmd, and then
press ENTER)
o cd\
o certutil -URL C:\win10.cer
16. In the URL Retrieval Tool, perform the following steps, in the Retrieve section:
o Select OCSP (from AIA) option and then click Retrieve. Confirm that it shows status as Verified.
o Select CRLs (from CDP) option and then click Retrieve. Confirm that it shows status as Verified.
o Select Certs (from AIA) option and then click Retrieve. Confirm that it shows status as Verified.
17. Click Exit to close URL Retrieval Tool.
18. From command prompt run following command to thoroughly verify certificate chain retrieval and revocation status.
o certutil -verify -urlfetch c:\win10.cer
19. Review the output and make sure all the chain retrieval and revocation status successfully verified.

/encryptionconsulting/ @encryptioncons www.linkedin.com/company/encryptionconsulting 66