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Functions & Graphs MS: X F X X X X F X X

The document provides solutions related to functions and graphs, focusing on domain, range, and inverse functions. It includes examples of completing the square, analyzing discriminants, and sketching graphs, while emphasizing the importance of reflecting graphs for inverse functions. Additionally, it discusses transformations of functions and their implications on domain and range.

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6 views6 pages

Functions & Graphs MS: X F X X X X F X X

The document provides solutions related to functions and graphs, focusing on domain, range, and inverse functions. It includes examples of completing the square, analyzing discriminants, and sketching graphs, while emphasizing the importance of reflecting graphs for inverse functions. Additionally, it discusses transformations of functions and their implications on domain and range.

Uploaded by

nyfn9tqsg5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions & Graphs MS

Solutions.
1. i) Care must be taken when sketching functions to ensure that we do not include
values of x which are not in the domain of the function.

We have f(x) = x2 + 4x x  2.


Complete the square: f(x) = (x + 2)2  4.
This means that the curve has a minimum point at (2, 4).
The graph is shown below. Note that it passes through the origin!

y y = f(x)

2 x

4

The range of f is given by the set of ycoordinates in the graph above.


We quickly see then that the range is given by f(x)  4. (3)

ii) f is clearly one-one as no two values of x yield the same y-coordinate on


the graph. (1)

iii) gf(x) = 0  x2 + 4x + 5 = 0. (1)


Check the discriminant: b2  4ac = 42  4  1  5 = 16  20 = 4. (1)
Since the discriminant is negative, the equation has no solutions. (1)

iv) We have y = x2 + 4x = (x + 2)2  4.


Rearrange to find x: (x + 2)2 = y + 4
 x+2= (1)
and hence x=  2. (1)
This means that f1(y) = 2
and hence f1(x) =  2. (1)

www.mathsguru.co.uk Page 1
v) Recall that the graph of y = f1(x) is a reflection of that of y = f(x) in the
line y = x.
y y = f1(x)
y=x

y = f1(x)

4 2
x

2

4

(2)

2. i) The range is given by f(x) > 3. (1)

ii) We have y= +3

 y3=

and thus = (1)

 x= . (1)

This means that f1(y) = and hence f1(x) = . (2)

3.

www.mathsguru.co.uk Page 2
4.

5. The graph of y = |x| is shown: y

The graph of y = |x|  3 is a translation of that of y = |x| of 3 units along the


y-axis. y (1)

www.mathsguru.co.uk Page 3
Finally, translating this graph 2 units along the x-axis is achieved by replacing
x with x + 2.
Hence the given function has equation f(x) = |x + 2|  3 (1)
 a = 2, b = 3. (1)

6.

7. i) a= . Thus the range of f is given by 0 < f(x)  .


(1)

ii) Correctly sketches y = f(x) and y = f1(x) on the same axes.


Identifies the mirror line y = x. (1)
Marks the points (0, ) and ( , 0). (1)

iii) We have y =  y(4x + 3) = 1 (1)


4xy + 3y = 1

 x= . (1)

Hence f1(y) = and hence f1(x) = . (1)

www.mathsguru.co.uk Page 4
Domain: 0<x , (1)
Range: f1(x)  0. (1)

iv) (There are quite a few methods of doing this!)

E.g. If fg(x) = then = and thus 4g(x) + 3 = 3. (2)


This would mean that g(x) = 0 which is impossible (look carefully at the
formula for g!)
(2)

www.mathsguru.co.uk Page 5
5. x2 + 6x + 4 = (x + 3)2  5; a = 3, b = 5. (2)

a) The range of f is given by f(x)  5.


This means that the domain of f1 is given by x  5. (2)

b) We have y = (x + 3)2  5  (x + 3)2 = y + 5 (1)


and hence x =  3. (1)
Thus f1(y) =  3 and hence f1(x) =  3. (1)

c) Recall that the graph of y = f1(x) is a reflection of that of y = f(x) in the


line y = x.
y y = f(x)
y=x

y = f1(x)

5 3 x

3

5

(3)

d) The solution of the equation f(x) = f1(x) is the x-coordinate of the point of
intersection of the graphs of y = f(x) and y = f1(x). This is also the point of
intersection of the graphs of y = f(x) and y = x which means that the solution
is given by x2 + 6x + 4 = x. (2)

We have x2 + 6x + 4 = x
 x2 + 5x + 4 = 0
(x + 1)(x + 4) = 0
and hence x = 1 or x = 4. (1)

But we must have that x  3 (by the domain of f) and hence x = 1. (1)

Total = 46 marks

www.mathsguru.co.uk Page 6

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