Math_3 Lecture 4
Math_3 Lecture 4
❖ Bernoulli ODE
➢ The substitution 𝑢 = 𝑦1−𝑛 [ for 𝑛 ≠ 0 and 𝑛 ≠ 1 ] reduces any equation from (1)
to a linear equation.
Example (5)
Solution 0
2
3
Example (6)
1
Solution 0 𝑦ƴ 𝑦 −3 + 𝑦 −2 = 3 𝑥 2
𝑥
1 𝑑𝑣
= −2 𝑦 −3 𝑦ƴ
𝑑𝑥
−1 1 −2
𝑣ƴ + 𝑣 = 3 𝑥2 𝑣ƴ + 𝑣 = −6 𝑥 2
2 𝑥 𝑥
2
3 𝑥 −2 𝑣 = න −6 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
4
Higher order DE
is said to be homogeneous
𝑑𝑦
= 𝐷𝑦 . The symbol 𝐷 is called a differential operator
𝑑𝑥
Superposition principle For Homogeneous equation
Note
Linear dependence / independence
Wronskian
For linear independent solutions
The functions 𝑦1 = 𝑒 3𝑥 and 𝑦2 = 𝑒 −3𝑥 are both solutions of the homogeneous linear
𝑦 ′′ − 9𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −3𝑥
In the form 1
We define 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑦1 is a solution
Example (2)
EXERCISES (2) Solve the given Bernoulli differential equation
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
8
EXERCISES (2)
Final Solution for odd numbers examples
3 5
7
Reference and Further Reading