ILLUSTRATING SIX TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

TRINOMETRY
- Trigonometry it is a branch of mathematics that deals with relation between the sides and the angles of
the Triangle
- It is from Greek word “Trigonon or Trigon” meaning Triangle and “Metron” meaning to measure. It is
literally means “measurement of Triangles”

RIGHT TRIANGLE
- It is often used to find the length of one side or the measure of an acute angle of a right triangle.
- Hypotenuse is always the side opposite the right angle. It is the longest side of the Triangle.
- The side opposite an angle called Opposite side, and the side which is the non-hypotenuse side of the
angle is called Adjacent side.
In Relation to ∠𝐴 In Relation to ∠𝐵

The side a is the opposite side an The side a is the Adjacent side and
The side b is the adjacent side. The side b is the Opposite side.

THE SIX TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

The primary Trigonometric Ratios are Sine, Cosine, and Tangent

Trigonometric Ratios Abbreviation Ratio Length
Sine Theta 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Cosine Theta 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Tangent Theta 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
(Mnemonic)
SOH – CAH – TOA
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑺𝑶𝑯 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = ; 𝑪𝑨𝑯 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = ; 𝑻𝑶𝑨 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
The primary Trigonometric Ratios are Cosecant, Secant, and Cotangent
Trigonometric Ratios Abbreviation Ratio Length
Cosecant Theta 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
Secant Theta 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
Cotangent Theta 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
(Mnemonic)
CHO – SHA – CAO
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑪𝑯𝑶 − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 = ; 𝑺𝑯𝑨 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = ; 𝑪𝑨𝑶 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
Example 1: Find the six trigonometric Ratios of the ∠𝐴 of the given right triangle
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 3
sin 𝐴 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 4
𝑐𝑜𝑠 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 3
tan 𝐴 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 4
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
csc 𝐴 = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 3
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
sec 𝐴 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 4
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 4
cot 𝐴 = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 3
Example 2: In relation to∠𝐵
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 4
𝑠𝑖𝑛 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 3
𝑐𝑜𝑠 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 4
𝑡𝑎𝑛 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 3
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
𝑐𝑠𝑐 = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 4
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
𝑠𝑒𝑐 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 3
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 3
𝑐𝑜𝑡 = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 4

Example 3: Find the six trigonometric Ratios of the 𝜃 of the given right triangle.
Note: Find the missing side by using Pythagorean Theorem, 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
𝜃 2 = 𝑜 2 + 𝑎2 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 6 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛 = = =
𝜃 = √62 + 82 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 10 5
𝜃 = √36 + 64 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 8 4
𝑐𝑜𝑠 = = =
𝜃 = √100 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 10 5
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 6 3
𝜽 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 8 4
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
𝑐𝑠𝑐 = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 3
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
𝑠𝑒𝑐 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 4
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 4
𝑐𝑜𝑡 = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 3
1.

(̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍)2 = (̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑋)2 − (̅̅̅̅
𝑍𝑋)2 8
sin 𝑥 =
̅̅̅̅ = √(𝑌𝑋
𝑌𝑍 ̅̅̅̅)2 − (𝑍𝑋
̅̅̅̅ )2 17
15
̅̅̅̅ = √(17)2 − (15)2
𝑌𝑍 sin 𝑦 =
17
̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍 = √289 − 225 15
̅̅̅̅ cos 𝑥 =
𝑌𝑍 = √64 17
̅̅̅̅ = 𝟖
𝒀𝒁 17
cos 𝑦 =
15
15
tan 𝑥 =
8
17
tan 𝑦 =
15
2.

𝜃 2 = ℎ2 − 𝑜 2 8 4
sin 𝜃 = =
𝜃 = √102 − 82 10 5
6 3
𝜃 = √100 − 64 cos 𝜃 = =
10 5
𝜃 = √36 8 4
𝜽=𝟔 tan 𝜃 = =
6 3
5
csc 𝜃 =
4
5
sec 𝜃 =
3
3
3. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 =
4

𝜃 2 = ℎ2 − 𝑜 2 3
sin 𝜃 =
𝜃 = √52 − 32 5
4
𝜃 = √25 − 9 cos 𝜃 =
5
𝜃 = √16 3
4. 𝜽=𝟒 tan 𝜃 =
4
5
csc 𝜃 =
3
 5
sec 𝜃 =
4
4
cot θ =
3

SOLVING RIGHT TRIANGLE AND ITS APPLICATION

SOLVING RIGHT TRIANGLE

- Solving Right Triangle means finding and identifying the measures of its part, the three angles,
and the sides
- To solve for the measures, there must be at least two identified parts. The other can be identified
by using the trigonometric ratios.
Example: Solve the given right ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶
Given: Solve for ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 :
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 = 18𝑐𝑚 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
∠𝐵 = 47° ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Find: ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
∠𝐴, 𝐴𝐶 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛47° =
18
Solution: 18𝑠𝑖𝑛47 = 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
Solve for ∠𝐴: ̅̅̅̅
𝑨𝑪 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟔𝒄𝒎
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 = 90° Solve for ̅̅̅̅ :
𝐵𝐶
1.
∠𝐴 = 90° − 47° 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
∠𝑨 = 𝟓𝟑° 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶
𝑐𝑜𝑠47° =
18
18𝑐𝑜𝑠47° = ̅̅̅̅ 𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝟖𝒄𝒎
𝑩𝑪

Given: Solve for ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵:
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 = 27𝑚 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
∠𝐵 = 53° ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Find: 27
∠𝐴, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛53° =
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵
Solution: ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛53° = 27
2. Solve for ∠𝐴: ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛53° 27
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 = 90° =
𝑠𝑖𝑛53° 𝑠𝑖𝑛53°
∠𝐴 + 53° = 90° ̅̅̅̅
𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟖𝟏𝒎
∠𝐴 = 90° − 53° ̅̅̅̅ :
Solve for 𝐵𝐶
∠𝑨 = 𝟑𝟕° 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
27
𝑡𝑎𝑛53° =
̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ 𝑡𝑎𝑛53° = 27
𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 𝑡𝑎𝑛53° 27
=
𝑡𝑎𝑛53° 𝑡𝑎𝑛53°
̅̅̅̅ = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝒎
𝑩𝑪

Given: Solve for ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵:
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 = 26 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
∠𝐴 = 65° ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Find: 26
∠𝐵, ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠65° =
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵
Solution: ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠65° = 26
Solve for ∠𝐴: ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠65° 26
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 = 90° =
3. 𝑐𝑜𝑠65° 𝑐𝑜𝑠65°
∠𝐴 + 65° = 90° ̅̅̅̅
𝑨𝑩 = 𝟔𝟏. 𝟓𝟐
∠𝐴 = 90° − 65° Solve for ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵:
∠𝑨 = 𝟐𝟓° 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛65° =
26
26𝑡𝑎𝑛65° = ̅̅̅̅𝐶𝐵
̅̅̅̅ = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟕𝟔
𝑪𝑩
 Given: Solve for ∠𝐴:
̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 = 15 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
̅̅̅̅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
𝐴𝐵 = 25 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Find: 15
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶, ∠𝐴, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 =
25
Solution: 15
sin−1 ( ) = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟖𝟕°
Solve for ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 : 25
Solve for ∠𝐵:
̅̅̅̅ = √(̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ )2
𝐴𝐵)2 − (𝐶𝐵 36.87° + ∠𝐵 = 90°
∠𝐵 = 90° − 36.87°
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅)2 − (15
𝐴𝐶 = √(25 ̅̅̅̅)2 ∠𝑩 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟑°
̅̅̅̅ = √625 − 225
𝐴𝐶 Solving ∠𝐵 by using
̅̅̅̅ = √400 trigonometric ratios
𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
4. ̅̅̅̅
𝑨𝑪 = 𝟐𝟎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
15
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 =
25
15
cos−1 ( ) = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟑°
25

Given: Solve for ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵:
̅̅̅̅ = 25
𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
∠𝐴 = 40°14′ ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Find: 25
∠𝐵, ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠40°14′ =
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵
Solution: ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠40°14 = 25′
Solve for ∠𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠40°14′ 25
40°14′ + ∠𝐵 = 90° =
𝑐𝑜𝑠40°14′ 𝑐𝑜𝑠40°14′
∠𝐵 = 90° − 40°14′ ̅̅̅̅
𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟕𝟓
5.
∠𝑩 = 𝟒𝟗°𝟒𝟔′ Solve for 𝐶𝐵̅̅̅̅
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛40°14′ =
25
25𝑡𝑎𝑛40°14′ = 𝐶𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅
𝑪𝑩 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟏𝟓

Given: Solve for ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐶 :
̅̅̅̅ = 𝟐𝟐
𝑨𝑩 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
∠𝐵 = 38° 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Find: ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶
∠𝐵, ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 for ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠38° =
22
Solution: 22𝑐𝑜𝑠38° = 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
Solve for ∠𝐵: ̅̅̅̅
𝑨𝑪 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝟒
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 = 90° ̅̅̅̅ :
Solve for 𝐶𝐵
38° + ∠𝐵 = 90° 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
∠𝐵 = 90° − 38° 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
∠𝑩 = 𝟓𝟐° ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵
6. 𝑠𝑖𝑛38° =
22
̅̅̅̅
𝑪𝑩 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝟒

Given: Solve for ∠𝐵

̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 = 18 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 = 15 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
Find: ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ ∠𝐴, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐵, 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 =
Solution: ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵
Solve for ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵
18
7. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 =
15
̅̅̅̅ = √(𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ )2 + (𝐶𝐵
̅̅̅̅)2 18
−1
tan ( ) = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟗°
15
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅)2
̅̅̅̅)2 + (15
𝐴𝐵 = √(18 Solve for ∠𝐴
̅̅̅̅ = √324 + 225
𝐴𝐵 ∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 = 90°
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 = √549 ∠𝐴 + 𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟗° = 90°
̅̅̅̅ = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟒𝟑
𝑨𝑩 ∠𝐴 = 90° − 50.19°
 ∠𝑨 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟖𝟏°
Solve for ∠𝐴 by using
Trigonometric Ratios
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 =
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶
15
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 =
18
15
tan−1 ( ) = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟖𝟏°
18

PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING RIGHT TRIANGLES

ARESC+C: a way to solve the word problem

ARESC+C stands for:
Analyzation: Read and analyze the problem identifying what are given and asked in the problem.
Representation: Represent the question asked or the unknown by a variable.
Equation/s: Write the Equation/s using variable/s or the Formula to use.
Solution: Solve the problem using appropriate math concepts.
Checking: Check your answer.
Conclusion: Final answer.

Examples: Solve the following problem solving involving right triangle.

1. A person stands 150 ft away from a flagpole and measures an angle of 32° from his horizontal line of sight
to the top of the flagpole. Assume that the person's eyes are a vertical distance of 6 ft from the ground.
What is the height of the flagpole?
Analyzation: Solution:
Given: ℎ
𝑡𝑜𝑎32° =
∠𝜃 = 32°; 150
150 𝑓𝑡 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒; 150𝑡𝑜𝑎32° = ℎ
6 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝒉 = 𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟑𝒇𝒕
What is the height of the flagpole? ℎ = 93.73 + 6
Representation: 𝒉 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟕𝟑𝒇𝒕
Checking:
73.73
𝑡𝑜𝑎32° =
150
150𝑡𝑜𝑎32° = 93.73
𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟑𝒇𝒕 = 𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟑𝒇𝒕
Conclusion:
Therefore, the length of ℎ̅ is 93.73𝑓𝑡 and the
height of the flagpole is 99.73𝑓𝑡

Equation:
𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆
𝒕𝒐𝒂𝜽 =
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕

2. Standing 30 meters away from the base of a building. The angle from where you are standing to the top of
the building is 65°. How tall is the building?
Analyzation: Representation:
Given:
∠𝜃 = 65°;
30𝑚 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
How tall is the building?

Equation:
𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆
𝒕𝒐𝒂𝜽 =
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕
 Solution: Checking:
ℎ 64.34
𝑡𝑜𝑎65° = 𝑡𝑜𝑎65° =
30 30
30𝑡𝑜𝑎65° = ℎ 30𝑡𝑜𝑎65° = 64.34
𝒉 = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟑𝟒𝒎 𝟔𝟒. 𝟑𝟒𝒎 = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟑𝟒𝒎
Conclusion:
Therefore, the height of the building is
64.34m

3. While sailing his boat at night, John looked up and saw the nearest lighthouse’s lights. The distance
between the lighthouse’s top and his boat’s base is 46 feet. The angle is 25° from John’s line of sight. What
is the horizontal distance between John’s boat and the nearby lighthouse’s base?
Analyzation: Solution:
Given: 46𝑓𝑡, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 25° 𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑠25° =
What is the horizontal distance between 46
John’s boat and the nearby lighthouse’s base? 46𝑐𝑜𝑠25° = 𝑎
Representation: 𝒂 = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟔𝟗𝒇𝒕
Checking:
41.69
𝑐𝑜𝑠25° =
46
41.69 = 41.69
𝟒𝟏. 𝟔𝟗𝒇𝒕 = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟔𝟗𝒇𝒕
Conclusion:
Therefore, horizontal distance between
John’s boat and the nearby lighthouse’s base
Equation: is 41.69𝑓𝑡
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 =
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆

4. A 25-foot-tall flagpole casts a 42-foot shadow. What is the angle that the sun hits the flagpole?
Analyzation: Solution:
Given: 25𝑓𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 42𝑓𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑤 42
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 =
What is the angle that the sun hits the flagpole? 25
Representation: −1 (
42
tan )
25
∠𝒙 = 𝟓𝟗. 𝟐𝟒°
Checking:
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛59.24° =
25
25𝑡𝑎𝑛59.24° = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 = 𝟒𝟐𝒇𝒕

42
𝑡𝑎𝑛59.24° =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
Equation: 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑛59.24° 42
=
𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝑡𝑎𝑛59.24° 𝑡𝑎𝑛59.24°
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝟐𝟓𝒇𝒕
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕
Conclusion:
the angle that the sun hits the flagpole is
59.24°

5. Abigail is on the diving team at her school, and she wants to see how much it extends as she dives in. if
Abigail dives downwards at a 45° angle towards the pool, and the distance from where she landed and to
the ground of the side of the pool is 21ft. How much Abigail extends as she dives into the pool?
Analyzation: Representation:
Given: 21𝑓𝑡, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 45°
How much Abigail extends as she dives
into the pool?
Equation: Checking:
𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 21
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛45° =
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 29.7
Solution: (29.7)𝑠𝑖𝑛45° = 21
21 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟐𝟏
𝑠𝑖𝑛45° = Conclusion:
ℎ
ℎ𝑠𝑖𝑛45° = 21 Therefore, Abigail extends 29.70𝑓𝑡 as she
ℎ𝑠𝑖𝑛45° 21 dives into the pool.
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛45° 𝑠𝑖𝑛45°
𝒉 = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟕𝟎𝒇𝒕