SIMULATION OF PV AND WECS USING CUK AND SEPIC CONVERTER.

M.Sivaramkrishnan*1 Dr.A.V.G.A.Marthanda 2 K.Lakshmi prasad3

Assistant Professor Associate professor Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and Department of Mechanical
Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering Engineering,
Karpagam College of Engineering , Lakireddy Bali Reddy College Of Lakireddy Bali Reddy College Of
India -641032 Engineering, A.P. Engineering, A.P.
[email protected]
corresponding author*
[email protected]

SYED ABDUL MUJEER4 Dr.Udayakumar Durairaj5 Dr.Mohammed Salim6

Assistant Professor Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Engineering and Built
2021 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS) | 978-1-6654-1272-8/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICICCS51141.2021.9432225

Department of Electrical and Technology, Environment

Electronics Engineering, Linton University College, Mahsa University,Malaysia
Lakireddy Bali Reddy College Of Mantin, Negeri Sembilan,Malaysia.
Engineering
A.P.

Abstract
In this article, the author proposes a hybrid
solar- and wind-powered DC converter which utilizes
DC-DC converters in both conversions. To take past
peak output and future power into consideration, P.O.
is an essential solar algorithm. WECS does not need a
windmill in order to work Using PMSG eliminates the
need for a transmission and reduces overall cost. That
goes for solar as well. Both CUK and SEIC capacitors
may be used to charge batteries, operate circuit
breakers, and filter. This unit is well suited for
switching and direct current (DC) applications. Figure 1: Block diagram of hybrid system

[1] INTRODUCTION
1.1 Solar energy
To this day, the primary energy output in our
nation has largely concentrated on non-renewable Since the dawn of time, electricity has been free for
energy sources. It is, thus, approximately about 80% of humans; it is now in the form of sunlight. It's estimated
total electricity generation is achieved utilising non- that 15,000 times the annual industrial consumption of
renewable energy. However, we struggle to satisfy the the whole planet receives solar radiation each year.
need for power output, which is why we've clouded Availability of solar energy ranges from 5 to 330 days
over. Other life-forms that have not yet been killed by a year in India with this sustainable green technology,
our own harmful mechanisms may occur in the future, each square kilometer of land will produce 20
and such possible entities may involve those other megawatts of electricity. A little knowledge of this
green beings that we would eventually one day philosophy will motivate one to do extraordinary
consume. So, as you can see, we need green energy to things.
go on. The only approach to achieve this is to satisfy
load requirement, which often occurs for renewable 1.2 Wind Power
energy. In order to harvest wind power, the energy that comes
from wind turbines is produced. Kinetic energy is
turned into electrical energy in the process of wind
production. Because of the earth's curvature, areas of
the atmosphere that are closer to the earth would be
colder than places that are further out. Waves are a
decent source of green energy, and wind turbines will
use them to control stuff. There is great variation
between modern turbines, ranging from 600kW to
5MW rated power on the day this article was
published. Wind velocity raises the potential capacity

Authorized licensed use limited to: Andhra University College of Engineering. Downloaded on March 21,2025 at 04:47:40 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
threefold, thereby raising the available wind speed. shortfall will usually be generated by the utility where
Most recently, there have been breakthroughs in the more electricity is needed than supplied by the hybrid
aerovanes that have had a significant impact on their device. Additionally, the hybrid system can absorb any
power production due to improved aerodynamics. excess produced by the system. The grid is also an
endless bus, although not in all situations. Thus, it is
1.3 Hydropower considered poor. Additional functionality and controls
could be required. If the grid-connected hybrid device
In terms of installed capacity, this power source is is complete, it can take on the features of an
considered green as long as a scale below than 10 Mw independent system.
is used. latent capital, e.g. water turbines, can be
transformed into potential resources such as 2.2 Isolated Grid Hybrid Systems
hydroelectricity and nuclear power It would use
groundwater moving downriver as the only source of Linked grids vary to disconnected network electric
power. motors in a variety of areas. In order to meet the
demands of the grid, even when they cannot, entities
must be willing to pay for all of the needed electricity,
1.4 Biomass or consider a dignified way to shed load. In order to
change the device voltage and control system voltage,
Photosynthesis takes place in plants, utilizing the they must've been able to accommodate the voltage
energy of the light to turn carbon dioxide and water and frequency. If they are willing to fulfil the
into sugar. On fermentation, these plantations expel the requirements of having the aforementioned reactivity,
energy that has been trapped. Biomass in this way acts they are well. When additional solar power can
as a natural battery, which can store the energy from produce more energy than is available, they will run
the sun and supply it when needed. (producing excess).

1.5 Geothermal 3. DC-DC CONVERTER

That Earth's liquid core absorbs an enormous amount Types of dc-dc converter circuits,
of electromagnetic radiation and is willing to do so as
well. This gradient forms a steady heating from the  Buck,
earth's core to the surface. Pressurized water may be  Boost and
used to fuel generators to produce more energy. These  Buck-boost.
problems are not limited to the close distribution of  CUK
geothermal energy due to their occurrence on plate  SEPIC
tectonics. However, with the advent of new
technology, this approach has been made available Power electronic Converters are utilised for
worldwide. [11]. transferring one DC voltage level to another DC
voltage level without having to deal with any
2. CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID unregulated voltage (regulated). The key component of
ENERGY SYSTEM an IC storage is an inductor, capacitor, and
semiconductor power device, such as a transistor or
Hybrid systems display substantially different features diode. Also known as filtering circuits, it also performs
and elements depending on the expected use. When the character of electrical networks, maximum power
deciding whether or not the device is disconnected or trackers, as well as track the load on the power system
linked to a central utility grid, the most significant to better regulate harmonic contents. The voltage
factor is whether the system is disconnected or performance may be positive or negative, depending
connected to a centralized distribution network. on the value of the input voltage.
Finally, it must be remembered that you, the reader,
are being given an opportunity here at Hogwarts
School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. 3.1 Buck Converter

Very often, the characteristics of a buck converter

2.1 Central Grid Connected Hybrid Systems include

Compared to renewable power systems, including DG, A current that is constantly fed in from an external
the integrated device can be integrated with the central source, such as constant input signal, is known as
electricity grid. when electrical power networks constant current. A steady current flow without
change the voltage and frequency, the hybrid device interruption. If the voltage level is smaller than the
does not need to keep track of these parameters. The voltage at the point of use, it is probable for all the
grids is essential for power that responds quickly. The voltage output to be lower. [5]

Authorized licensed use limited to: Andhra University College of Engineering. Downloaded on March 21,2025 at 04:47:40 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 3.3 Buck - Boost Converte r
This voltage increase can be attributed to
increased output ripple produced by pulsed current
Either the voltage going through an amplifier or the
amplifier will be larger than the voltage going out of it
is referred to as the amplifier's "expanded". [5].

Figure 2: BUCK CONVERTER

3.2 Boost Converter

the design parameters of a boost converter include

Most current flows without the need for an external

device, is sensed on the main input. a brief, rapidly
shifting burst of current The output voltage is often Figure 4 BUCK-BOOST CONVERT ER
exceeds the input voltage; thus, as you increase the
input voltage, you'll always increase the output voltage
as well. [5]. 3.4 Cuk Converter
These different converters have several advantages,
and by integrating their advantages, one converter may
have even more benefits. Additionally, CuK converters are
another type of this converter. The following incentives
would be given. steady or constant feedback current a
continuous current If the voltage generated by the battery
is greater than the voltage that is supplied to the load, the
voltage increases. Boosting would not provide a difference
of how far the capacitor charges the filter capacitor; this is
equivalent to the cascade filter. the CUK can be thought of
Figure 3 BOOST CONVERTER as a basic buck-system (Buck basic) plus a boost (Boost)
configuration (in which the input and output stages are
employed).

diagrams and dots, which are connected in Figure 6,

showing how the inductors are used in the SEIC circuit. A
car's ability to transform is 100 revolutions per minute
(RPM), and the coupling is superb. This form of SEIC is
something new.

4.MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

Although these panels can only absorb about 30-40% of

Figure 5: CUK CONVERTER
the total solar radiation that reaches them, they still allow for
3.5 The Sepic Converter the conversion of approximately 80% of the solar energy into
electrical energy. A method known as full power point
The base SEPIC and the core SEPIC are only modifications
of the basic Boosts and cores. monitoring is used to further increase the performance of the
solar panel. The theorem known as the Maximum Power
Conversion teaches us that the circuit's maximum power
production happens when the circuit's source impedance
(Thevenin impedance) coincides with the load impedance
(load impedance). Thus, our difficulties in deciding the
optimum power point, which implies locating an impedance
Figure 6 SPEIC CONVERTER
fit, becomes apparent. For the source side, we are utilizing a
It is called a SEP, an abbreviation for a "Single-Ended
boost converter, which is attached to a solar panel, in order to
Primary Converter" due to being designed for a single
conductor Though not commonly accepted, this has a fuller, maximize the output voltage. This is achieved in order to
but unofficial meaning: "Secondary Inverted Cuc". Thus, the
utilize the enhanced voltage in a number of applications, such
SEIC functions as a BOOST-type mimicker. Notice the

Authorized licensed use limited to: Andhra University College of Engineering. Downloaded on March 21,2025 at 04:47:40 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
as the motor load. Changing the service cycle of the boost
converter such that the source and load impedances are
balanced allows one to use the boost converter to adjust the 5. S IMULATIO N MO DEL AND RESULTS

impedance.

When using CUK-SEPIC as a converter configuration,

4.1 Different MPPT Techniques

There are differ ent technique s used to track the

maxim um power point. Few of the most popula r
techniqu es are:

 Perturb and observ e (hill climbing metho d)

 Incre m ental Conducta nc e metho d
 Fractional short circuit curre nt
 Fractional open circuit voltage
 Neural networks Figure 9: Simulation Design Model
 Fuzzy logic
the solar-wind power output is about 4.1kw. When
Here we have chosen perturb and observ e method
using CUK-SEPIC as a converter configuration, the
4.2 Perturb & observe: solar-wind power output is approximately 4.1kw. This
product has DC-DC converters that are of a specific
To disturb and examine is named P&O To save money, we nature. This converter has no filters. a result of this,
use a special device to sense the Voltage level instead of there is no need for ripple and filter components by
two. Thus, the MPPT does not stop perturbing once it gets to doing a simulation, it is possible to get
the MPPT, it keeps on perturbing. This equation makes use
approximately 4.1 kilowatts from this model Even
of just one detector, which would be the dc voltage, which
though the output voltage does not vary, it is clear
makes the implementation less expensive. The complexity
that the input voltage may not change throughout
of the algorithm is too great even though it is as long as all
the entire process.
possibilities have been explored.

Figure :10 Simulation circuit of Hybrid solar

and wind Energy system with SAZZ and ZETA
Fused converter

Figure 8: FLOW CHART FOR P & O

Figure : 11 Sub system of Wind

Authorized licensed use limited to: Andhra University College of Engineering. Downloaded on March 21,2025 at 04:47:40 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Figure : 12 Sub System of PV Panel

Figure: 14 WIND output voltage before

rectification

This graph Fig 14 shows the WIND Energy

system Output voltage. Here PMSG is used to
reduce the harmonics current in generator side.
Previously DFIG and SCIG were used. These
would lead to high harmonics current. Wherein by
Figure :10 Simulation circuit of Hybrid solar and
using PMSG, we can reduce the harmonics
wind Energy system with SAZZ and ZETA Fused
converter current This graph show output before
rectification process

Figure : 11 Sub system of Wind

Figure : 15 WIND output voltage after

rectification
This graph Fig 15 shows the output voltage of
Wind after rectification processes.

Figure : 12 Sub System of PV Panel

Figure : 16 DC-DC Converter Output Voltage

Figure 10 is the simulation model for this hybrid
solar-wind energy system. Also the simulation
results in given from figure 13 to figure 17. Figure
13 shows the PV Panel output voltage, Figure 10
shows Wind output voltage before rectification
Figure : 13 PV Panel output voltage inverter output voltage; Figure 15 shows the
This graph Fig 13 shows the PV Panel output of 1400 output voltage before inverter operation
volts with input of 1000 volts. Here P&O MPPT
is used to improve the panel efficiency. P&O is
preferred because it is cheap and Simple to
program comparing to other MPPT techniques[8]

Authorized licensed use limited to: Andhra University College of Engineering. Downloaded on March 21,2025 at 04:47:40 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Conclusion
Fig 17 The output of the inverter will be a square
The introduces new of electricity system was
waveform. The perfect square wave here
represents the absence of ripple and reduced developed by the system. Here we implemented
harmonics The output shown in figure 13 &
solar and wind as a combined power source,
15 shows the SOLAR PANEL and WIND MILL
characteristics. At the beginning, output voltage implying they are usable in 24/7. In this manner,
will be in lower order, after MPPT process the
we can use them as a source of electricity. This
output voltage will increase linearly and after time
"t" it will reach constant point. [5] system always produces a steady flow of products.
If there is only one resource present, the
performance of this project is usually in the region
of 4kW or above. If both solar and wind are
available, the output of this project may be raised
to 5kW or higher using MPPT techniques. Using
the CUK-SEPIC configuration DC-DC converter
Figure : 17 Inverter output voltage
results in greater power efficiency and cost
savings, especially when it is used in conjunction
with filters that are not needed.

References [6] S. Saravanan, and Ramesh Babu N, "Maximum

power point tracking algorithms for photovoltaic
[1] Xiong Liu, Poh Chiang Loh, Peng Wang, and system–A review", Renewable and Sustainable
Frede Blaabjerg, "A direct power conversion Energy Reviews,vol. 57, pp. 192-204, 2016.
topology for grid integration of hybrid AC/DC
energy resources", IEEE Transactions on [7] Ersan Kabalci, "Design and analysis of a
Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 5696- hybrid renewable energy plant with solar
5707, 2013. and wind power", Energy Conversion and
Management, vol. 72, pp. 51-59, 2013.S.
[2] Neng Zhang, Danny Sutanto, and Kashem M. Saravanan, and Ramesh Babu N, "RBFN
Muttaqi, "A review of topologies of three-port based MPPT algorithm for PV system with
DC–DC converters for the integration of high step up converter", Energy Conversion
renewable energy and energy storage system", and Management, vol. 122, pp. 239-251, 2016.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol.
56, pp. 388-401, 2016. [8] Maria Bella Ferrera, Salvador P. Litran, Eladio
Duran Aranda, and Jose Manuel Andujar
[3] Akar, Furkan, et al. "A Bidirectional Non- Marquez, "A Converter for Bipolar DC Link
Isolated Multi Input DC-DC Converter for Based on SEPIC-Cuk Combination", IEEE
Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in Electric Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.30,
Vehicles", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular no.12, pp. 6483-6487, 2015.
Technology, vol. 65, no. 10,pp. 7944-7955,
October 2016. [9] Shagar Banu M, Vinod .S, and Lakshmi. S,
"Design of DC-DC converter for hybrid wind
[4] Jayalakshmi, N. S., D. N. Gaonkar, and Pramod solar energy system", International
Bhat Nempu, "Power Control of PV/Fuel Conference on Computing, Electronics and
Cell/Supercapacitor Hybrid System for Stand- Electrical Technologies [ICCEET], pp. 429-
alone Applications", International Journal of 435, 2012.
Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) , vol. 6.2,
pp. 672-679, 2016. [1 0] Sajib Chakraborty, S M Salim Reza, Wahidul
Hasan, "Design and analysis of hybrid solar-
[5] Murugesan, Karthik, and Vijayachitra wind energy system using CUK & SEPIC
Senniappan, "Dynamic Modeling and Analysis converters for grid connected inverter
of Power Sharing Control Strategy Based Fuel application", IEEE 11th International
Cell/Battery Assisted Hybrid Electric Vehicle Conference on Power Electronics and Drive
System", International Journal of Renewable Systems (PEDS), pp. 278-283, 9–12 June 2015.
Energy Research (IJRER), vol. 5.1, pp. 139-150,
2015. [1 1] Mukesh Kumar Gupta, and Rohit Jain, "MPPT

Authorized licensed use limited to: Andhra University College of Engineering. Downloaded on March 21,2025 at 04:47:40 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 simulation with DC submersible solar pump generation of hybrid PV/wind systems in Iraq",
using output sensing direct control method Renewable Energy, vol. 35, pp. 1303-1307,
and cuk converter", International Journal of 2010.
Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), vol.3,
[1 4] Krishnan, M. S., Dhevi, S. K., & Ramkumar,
no.1, pp. 186-191, 2013.
M. S. (2014). Power Quality Analysis in
[1 2] Jubaer Ahmed,and Zainal Salam, "An Hybrid Energy Generation System.
improved perturb and observe (P&O) International Journal, 2(1).
maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
[1 5] Krishnan, M. S., Amudha, A., & Ramkumar,
algorithm for higher efficiency", Applied
M. S. (2018). Execution Examination Of Three
Energy, vol. 150, pp. 97-108, 2015.
Phase Ac To
[1 3] Salwan S. Dihrab, and K. Sopian, "Electricity
[1 6] Three Phase Ac Matrix Converter Using
Distinctive Transporter Based Exchanging
Algorithms. International journal of Pure and
Applied Mathimatics, 118(11), 609-617.
[1 7] Krishnan, M. S., Sriragavi, S., & Ramkumar, M.
S. (2017). Impedance Source Inverter and
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator For
Variable Speed Wind Turbine. International
Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences
(IJCMS), 6(9), 98-105.
[1 8] Ramkumar, M. S., & Krishnan, M. S. (2014).
Hybrid Solar-Wind Energy System. International
Journal of Advance Research in Computer
Science and Management Studies, 2(2).
[1 9] Ramkumar, M. S., & Krishnan, M. S. (2014).
Power Management of a Hybrid Solar-Wind
Energy System. International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology, 3(2), 1988-
1992.
[2 0] Ramkumar, M. S., Krishnan, M. S., & Amudha,
D. A. (2017). Resonant Power Converter Using
GA For PV Applications. International Journal Of
Electronics, Electrical And Computational
System, 6(9), 239-245.

Authorized licensed use limited to: Andhra University College of Engineering. Downloaded on March 21,2025 at 04:47:40 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.