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ISAHLUKO 2

Izingcezu zenkulumo (Parts of Speech)

Usobizo

1. Usobizo = igama elisebenza ngengomenzi noma umenziwa emshweni.

#Ibizo

#Isabizwana

Ibizo

Ibizo : igama lento esinokuyibona nesingenakuyibona ngamehlo

Izinhlobo zamabizo

Ibizonto: isonto ,uhambo

Ibizoqoqa: umhlambi

Ibizomuntu: umthengi,imbongi

Ibozomvama:umuntu
Umfakela: itafula

Ibizongxube: uzifozonke

Isabizwana

Siyini isabizwana: igama esilisebenzisa esikhundleni sebizo

sabizwana

sokubala (zonke, bonke, ngedwa, sonke etc.)

sokukhomba (lo, loya, loyaya)

soqobo (yena, bona, zona, thina)

- Isabizwana sokuchasisa(omkhulu, omhlophe, ompofu)

2. Isichasiso

Isiphawulo, Isibaluli, ongumnini, Inani

Isiphawulo

Sichaza Ukuthi into ibonakala injani uma uyibheka ngamehlo.

Isibaluli

Sichaza ukuthi into injani:

(usually colours) isib. elimhlophe, elimnyama, elimnandi, ezimbalwa

Qotho,duma,mnandi, mtoti, ngcono

Ongumnini

Lisitshela ngokuthi into ingekabani/yakhiwe ngani/ isetshenziselwani noma kuphi/

Ukhomba umnikazi wento

Wami,zami,sami,likababa,likamama

Inani

Inani : (-ni, -nye, -phi, -mbe)

isib. Muntu muni ofike la?

Isenzo

Silandisa sisebenzisa nezakhi, sikhomba inkathi, izindlela zesenzo nezimpambosi.

UKhabazela uhlaba izinkukhu ezimbili

Isenzo (verb) : lisitshela ngokwenziwa usobizo isib. Umama uthethise umfowethu.

Isibanjalo

Ucezu lwenkulumo olulandisayo

isib. Geza izitsha anduba uyolala.

Qoqa izimpahla bese ukhipha izibi.

IZIMO ZOKUKHULUMA

Lapha sithola izaga, izisho Kanye nezifengqo. Izaga ziyinkulumo ewumqondo ophelele, azidinge
kusekelwa ngamagama, ukuze zikhiphe umqondo ophelele, kaziguquki nenkathi kanti futhi kaziyi
ebunyeni nasebuningini isibonelo: inyathi iyaweya umuthi sichaza ukuthi umfokazana weya abantu
abangaphezu kwakhe. Izisho zona ziyinkulumo edinga ukusekwa ngamagama ukuze kube yinkulumo
enomqondo ophelele, okunye ngezisho ziguquka ngenkathi, ziba sebunyeni nasebuningini, isibonelo
sesisho ukubangwa nezibi sichaza ukugulela ukufa. Kanti izifengqo zona ziwukudlalisela ngenkulumo othi
uma uyilalela ingachazi lokho ekushoyo, kodwa ibe isho okunye, isibonelo: lo mfana uyisihlakaniphi
umbhinqo kulesi sifengqo umfana usuke engahlakaniphile, kodwa kusetshenziswa amagama asho into
ephambene nento oyishoyo kulesi sifengqo.

1,Izifengqo

Amagama akhetheke kahle, achaza into ngendlela enembayo, bese iyagqama kwakheke isithombe.
UMsimang (1988) benoChandralekha (2009) uma bechaza ngezifengqo babuye bathi
zingukusetshenziswa kwamagama ngendlela eyehlukile kwejwayelekile, lowo okhulumayo noma
obhalayo usuke egcizelela enokugqamisa umqondo othile njengesifengqo esithi, “Ngifice inyoka
isigcwele indlu”, le nkulumo iyihaba. Ngamanye amazwi kugqanyiswa ukuba khona kwenyoka endlini.
Okhulumayo ufuna abamlalele bagqanyelwe isithombe senyoka ebisendlini.

1 isifaniso(simile )

Siqhathanisa izinto ezimbili ezingafani kodwa ezinokuthile kuzo okuthi akufane.

Isakhi,sokufanisa nganga,njenga,njengo,saku,okwe,fana,kuhle,fuze,okwa

2. Isingathekiso(metaphor)

Naso siyafanisa kodwa sona sibiza into ngalento efaniswa nayo.

Isb:uMalume yibhubesi uqobo. Isingathekiso siwukufanisa into nenye okunqanyuleliwe. Izinto ezimbili
ezisuke zifaniswa ezingafani nhlobo. Sisebenza ngokufana nesifaniso kodwa sona asizisebenzisi izakhi
zesifaniso ezingo-okwe, -fana na, njenga. Ezithakazelweni eziningi azisali

izingathekiso. Ukuqhathanisa kuhlezi kukhona okucashile. Isingathekiso kwesinye isikhathi siyacasha

3. Ukwenza samuntu( personification)

Uthatha into engaphili uyinikeze izimpawu zomuntu noma zento ephilayo. Isenzamuntu siwuhlobo
lwesifengqo lapho amandla ezinto eziphilayo enikezwa lezo zinto ezingaphili, zenziwe zikhulume, zizwe,
zigijime njalonjalo.

Kwakhala imihosha yaseNanda

4. Ukwenza sasilwane

Uthatha izimpawu zesilwane uzinikeze umuntu

Uthatha into engaphili yenze izinto ezenziwa isilwane. Lapha kuthathwa umuntu afaniswe nesilwane
ngenxa yobunjalo bakhe noma izenzo ezithile azenzayo.

Isb: amadoda izinja

5. Ukuhlonipha

Kusetshenziswa igama lokuhlonipha ukubalekela ukusebenzisa ingama elihlambalazayo noma

Ubaba ukhothe/udle kakhulu namhlanje

6. Ihaba
Indlela yokuchaza ubunjalo bento ngokuyandisa noma ukuyinciphisa ngokweqile

Ngifice inyoka igcwele indlu

UMshayeli wale tekisi akagijimi uyandiza

Wakhaya kushone unina izinyembezi kwakuyimpophoma.

Uthando lwami kuye lungangezintaba

2. Izaga nezisho

Izimo zokukhuluma okuyizaga, izisho nezifengqo zivamisile ukuvela enkulumeni yansuku zonke, lapho
kukhulunywa. Nakuba zivamile ukuvela,

Isaga esithi “Umendo ngumkhumulansika”. Lesi saga siqondiswe kowesifazane oyiliqhalaqhala ukuthi
uma efika emendweni uyavoveka. Lokhu okuchaza ukuthi uma uyintombazane kumele kube yinto
okhula uyazi ukuthi uma uya emendweni uyobhekana nobunzima, ukuze ungamangali akube yinto
eyisaga eyaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu ukuthi uma ukhetha umendo, ukhetha isimo esingaba nobunzima.

Isibonelo esinye sithi: “Ihlonipha lapho ingayukwendela khona”. Lesi saga sichaza ukuthi intombazane
ifanele ukuhlonipha wonke umuntu ngoba kayazi lapho 2 iyophelela khona. Imvelaphi yaso ivela
ekuthini abantu babona kwenzeka endaweni intombazane ingahloniphi umphakathi, uthole ukuthi
ekugcineni izogana komunye wemizi lapho ebikade ingabahloniphi khona.

Izimo zokukhuluma zenza ukuthi umuntu aqwashe, zifundisa indlela yokuphila, njengakulesi saga esithi
“Indlela ibuzwa kwabaphambili,” okuchaza ukuthi kufanele ubuze kwabadala ongakwazi, ngoba bona
sebadlula kuleso sigaba, bazi kabanzi ngaso. Uma ungakwenzi lokho bese kuba khona isaga, esithi
“Isalakutshelwa sibona ngomopho,” Okuchaza ukuthi uma ungalaleli uzongena engozini, ulimale wophe.

isibonelo inkonyane ikhethwa kusakhanya lesi saga esichaza ukuthi yenza izinto ngesikhathi esifanele.

3. IZISHO

izisho zingamagama noma imishwana engeniswa lapho kukhulunywa ukunothisa nokunonga ulimi,
ubuye athi izisho imvamisa aziyiphelelisi inkulumo ngoba azimuniki lowo olalele umqondo ophelele
noma nje inkulumo eqondwe okhulumayo uma zizimele zodwa, ngakho-ke isisho sidinga
ukusetshenziswa emshweni ukuze siphelelise umqondo. Uma isisho sisetshenziswa emshweni kumele
sihambisane nokuthile sibe nesakhi esithile ukuze sinikeze umqondo ophelele, nomusho ozwakalayo.

UMsimang (1988) uthi isisho singubugagu bokwethula inkulumo ngendlela egigiyelayo kusetshenziswa
izifengqo. Isibonelo: Uyoze ulutheze olunenkume lesi isisho kasiqondene nokhuni kodwa siqondene
nenkinga oyogcina uzifake kuyo. Inkume phela yisilwanyana esihlala ezinkunini ikakhulukazi uma ulokhu
utheza, lesi sisho sichaza ukuzigaxa ezinkingeni ngenxa yokungalaleli, uyoze uthole ukhuni olunalesi
silwanyana, okusho ukuthi uyoze ungene engxakini uma ungalaleli.

Izisho : indlela yokusho into ethize ngokuthi usebenzise amagama ngendlela engajwayelekile yemihla
ngemihla. Eg: ukudliwa zintaba

Isisho umusho ogigiyelayo isuselwa ehabeni (Makhoba, 2014). Ilapho umkhulumi esebenzisa khona
izifengqo ukunonga noma ukugcizelela lokho afuna ukukusho. Sithe umusho ogigiyelayo ngoba lowo
olalele

imshiya edidekile uma umusho ungaqedelwanga. Asikusho kucace ukuthi izisho ziyingxenye yomusho,
aziyona umusho ophelele. Yingakho uma ungaqedalwanga lowo musho sithola umlaleli edidekile.
Nakuba kunjalo, siyasithola isisho esijwayelekile, uma umuntu esisho sikwazi ukuthi lowo muntu
ukhuluma ngani. Ake sithathe njengesibonelo uma umuntu ethi “ngiphethwe yisisu” siyazi ukuthi isisu
asikwazi ukuphatha umuntu, lomusho unehaba, kodwa ngoba sesijwayele inkulumo yokuphathwa
kwesisu, asiyinaki leyo-