Project Document Format

Page1 Front(Title) Page

Page2 Project Completion Certificate
Page3 Acknowledgement
Page4 INDEX
Chapter Description Page no
No
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Existing System .
1.2 Limitation of Existing System .
1.3 Proposed System Introduction .
1.4 Project Profile .
1.5 Scope of Proposed System .
1.6 Objective of Proposed System .
1.7 System Environment Description .
.
2 Detail Description of Technology Used .
2.1 what is Reactjs .
2.2 why Nodejs .
2.3 Expressjs .
2.4 MongoDB .
2.5 Bootstrap , Tailwind CSS and CSS .
.
3 System Planning .
3.1 Feasibility Study .
3.2 Risk Management .
3.2 Project Plan .
3.3 Process Model .
.
4 System Design .
4.1 Task Dependency Diagram .
4.2 Time Line Chat .
4.3 Sequence Diagram .
4.4 Data Flow Diagram(DFD)/UML .
4.5 Entity Relationship Diagram .
.
5 User Interface .
5.1 Admin Side .
5.1.1 Admin Login .
5.1.2 Admin Registration .
…. .
 …. .
…. .
5.2 Client Side .
5.1.1 Client Login .
5.1.2 Client Registration .
…. .
…. .
…. .
5.3……….. .
…… .
.
6 Testing .
6.1 Testing Approach .
6.2 Testing Cases .
6.3 Implementation Approaches .
.
7 Conclusion .
.
8 Bibliography .
.
.
 FIRST CAB REPORT
1. INTRODUCTION
First Cab is an innovative cab booking service designed to revolutionize the way people
commute by offering a seamless, efficient, and customer-centric platform. The service aims
to address existing issues in the cab booking industry and provide users with a superior
alternative. By integrating advanced technology, First Cab seeks to enhance the user
experience, ensuring convenience, reliability, and transparency.

1.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing cab booking systems in the market have become popular over the years due to
their ease of access. However, they are not without flaws. The current systems typically rely
on:
 Traditional mobile applications for booking cabs.
 Payment systems that support limited methods such as cash, card, or UPI.
 Basic route mapping and limited real-time updates.

Features of Existing Systems:

1. Mobile Apps: Most cab services operate through mobile apps with user registration
and GPS integration.
2. Driver Allocation: An algorithm assigns the nearest driver to the user.
3. Payment Methods: Standard payment options include cash, cards, and digital
wallets.

1.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

Despite their popularity, the current systems suffer from numerous limitations:
1. High Waiting Times: Users often face delays in finding available drivers during peak
hours.
2. Pricing Issues: Surge pricing during high-demand periods leads to customer
dissatisfaction.
3. Security Concerns: Limited safety features for users, especially during late-night
rides.
4. Customer Support: Inefficient customer service leading to unresolved issues.
5. Driver Issues: Instances of unprofessional driver behavior or cancellations.
6. Limited Accessibility: Inadequate coverage in semi-urban and rural areas.
 7. 1.3 PURPOSE OF SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
The purpose of introducing the First Cab system is to bridge the gaps present in the current
systems and offer a next-generation platform for cab booking. Key objectives include:
1. Reducing Wait Times: Ensuring faster driver allocation with optimized algorithms.
2. Transparent Pricing: Eliminating surge pricing and providing affordable options.
3. Enhanced Safety: Integrating advanced security features for both riders and drivers.
4. Superior Support: Providing round-the-clock customer support for issue resolution.
5. Extended Coverage: Expanding services to rural and semi-urban areas to meet
untapped demand.

1.4 PROJECT PROFILE

Project Name: First Cab

Purpose : Web application

Plateform : Front -End: React Js,

Node Js ,ExpressJS,
CSS,HTML,JAVA Script

Time Duration : January 2025 – March 2025

Project Guide: Prof. Nikita Rana

Submitted by : Gaurav kumath,Dipak prasad,Sahil Ravaniya

Submitted to: Department of computer Science,

Deviba Institude of Computer

Apllication,Surat-395010

Domain: Transportation and Logistics

Target Audience: Commuters, daily travelers, and businesses requiring transportation
services.
Key Features:
 User-friendly Interface: Simplified booking process.
 Real-time Tracking: Accurate tracking of rides with live updates.
 Multi-payment Integration: Supporting UPI, cards, wallets, and cash.
 Driver-Rider Rating System: Enhancing accountability and professionalism.
  Eco-friendly Options: Including electric and hybrid vehicles.

1.5 SCOPE OF PURPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed First Cab system has a broad scope to address the limitations of existing cab
services. It envisions:
1. Improved Efficiency:
o Faster driver allocation using AI-driven algorithms.
o Optimized routes to reduce travel time and fuel consumption.
2. Scalability:
o Supporting large user bases in metropolitan areas.
o Gradual expansion to smaller cities and rural regions.
3. Enhanced Security:
o Emergency SOS button integrated into the app.
o Background checks for drivers and vehicle inspections.
4. User Engagement:
o Loyalty programs and rewards for frequent users.
o Personalized ride preferences (music, temperature, etc.).

1.6 OBJECTIVE OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

The objectives of the First Cab system are as follows:
1. To Simplify Transportation: Providing a platform that offers easy and reliable
transportation solutions.
2. To Ensure Safety: Incorporating advanced safety protocols and monitoring systems.
3. To Enhance User Experience: Offering a seamless booking process with minimal
delays.
4. To Reduce Costs: Lowering operational costs and providing affordable rides.
5. To Promote Sustainability: Encouraging the use of electric and hybrid vehicles to
reduce carbon emissions.
6. To Foster Trust: Establishing a transparent pricing model and a robust feedback
system

1.7 SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT DESCRIPTION

The First Cab system will operate in a modern technological environment to ensure
reliability and efficiency:
Front-End Technologies:
 Mobile Application: Android and iOS platforms for users.
 Web Portal: For corporate bookings and customer support.
Back-End Technologies:
 Database Management: Cloud-based database to handle large user and ride data
efficiently.
 Server: High-performance servers to support real-time operations.
Tools and Frameworks:
 Programming Languages: JavaScript, Python, and Kotlin.
 Frameworks: React Native for mobile apps and Django for backend development.
 APIs: Integration with Google Maps API for route optimization.

Deployment:
 Hosted on AWS for scalability and uptime reliability.
 Secure payment gateway integration.

Chapter-2 [ Detail Description of Technology Used ]

The technology used in cab booking systems involves a blend of advanced tools and
frameworks for seamless functionality and a superior user experience. Here's a detailed
description of the technologies typically used in modern cab booking platforms:

1. Frontend Technologies

The frontend is the user interface that interacts with passengers and drivers through mobile
apps or websites.

Technologies

 Mobile Apps:
o iOS Development: Swift or Objective-C.
o Android Development: Kotlin or Java.
o Cross-Platform Development: React Native, Flutter, or Xamarin for building apps
that work on both iOS and Android.

 Web Interface:
o HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript for static and dynamic pages.
o Frameworks: React.js, Angular.js, or Vue.js for interactive and responsive designs.

2. Backend Technologies

The backend is the server-side infrastructure that powers the system’s logic, data storage, and
real-time processing.

Technologies

 Programming Languages: Python, Node.js, Java, Ruby, or PHP for server-side logic.
 Frameworks: Django (Python), Express.js (Node.js), Spring Boot (Java), or Laravel (PHP).

3. Database Management

Databases are used to store and manage user, driver, and ride information.

Technologies

 Relational Databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL.

 NoSQL Databases: MongoDB, Cassandra for scalability and handling unstructured data.

4. Geolocation and Mapping

Real-time tracking and route optimization are core to cab booking systems.

Technologies

 Geolocation APIs: Google Maps API, Mapbox, OpenStreetMap for route planning, distance
calculation, and navigation.
 GPS Technology: Global Positioning System for live tracking and determining user and
driver locations.

5. Communication and Notifications

Instant communication between users, drivers, and the platform is critical.

Technologies

 Push Notifications: Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) or Apple Push Notification Service
(APNS).
 SMS Integration: Twilio, Nexmo, or Plivo for sending alerts and ride updates.
 VoIP: For in-app calls between drivers and passengers.

6. Payment Integration

A secure and efficient payment system is vital for cab booking services.

Technologies

 Payment Gateways: Stripe, PayPal, Razorpay, or Square for processing transactions.

 Encryption: SSL/TLS for secure payment processing.

7. Cloud and Hosting

Cloud platforms offer scalable and cost-effective solutions for storing data and hosting
applications.

Technologies

 Cloud Providers: AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure for hosting services.
 CDN Services: Cloudflare, Akamai to improve app loading times.

2.1 - what is Reactjs

React.js is a popular open-source JavaScript library developed by Facebook, used for building
dynamic and interactive user interfaces (UIs) for web applications. It focuses on efficiently rendering
components to display data changes in the UI without requiring a page reload. React.js is commonly
used in single-page applications (SPAs) but can also be applied to more complex web solutions.

Key Features of React.js

1. Component-Based Architecture
o Applications are divided into reusable, self-contained pieces called
components.
o Each component has its logic and rendering, making development modular
and maintainable.
2. Declarative Syntax
o Developers define what the UI should look like, and React handles the how
efficiently.
o Example: Instead of manually updating the DOM, you declare the desired
state, and React updates the DOM accordingly.
3. Virtual DOM
o React uses a Virtual DOM (a lightweight copy of the actual DOM) to track
changes in the UI.
o It efficiently updates only the parts of the real DOM that need to change,
improving performance.
4. JSX (JavaScript XML)
o A syntax extension that allows developers to write HTML-like code directly in
JavaScript.
5. Unidirectional Data Flow
o Data flows in a single direction (parent to child), which helps maintain control
and predictability in complex UIs.
6. React Hooks
o A feature introduced in React 16.8, allowing developers to manage state and
lifecycle in functional components without writing class components.
o Examples: useState, useEffect.

Advantages of React.js

1. Fast and Efficient

o Virtual DOM reduces rendering time, making React applications faster.
o Only the changed parts of the UI are updated.
2. Reusability
o Components can be reused across the application, saving time and effort.
3. SEO-Friendly
o Though JavaScript-heavy, React can be made SEO-friendly when paired with
tools like Next.js or server-side rendering (SSR).
4. Rich Developer Tooling
o React Developer Tools (browser extension) makes debugging easier by
showing component hierarchies and states.

2.2 - why Nodejs

Node.js is a runtime environment that allows developers to run JavaScript on the server side.
It’s built on Google Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine, making it fast, scalable, and highly
efficient for modern web applications. Here are the key reasons why Node.js is a popular
choice:

1. High Performance

 Powered by V8 Engine: Node.js is built on Google’s V8 engine, which compiles

JavaScript into machine code, leading to faster execution.
 Non-blocking I/O: Node.js uses an event-driven, asynchronous architecture, allowing
it to handle multiple concurrent requests efficiently without being blocked by slower
operations like file or database access.

2. Scalability

 Event-Driven Architecture: Node.js is well-suited for scalable applications because

it uses a single-threaded event loop to handle many concurrent connections
efficiently.
 Load Balancing: Tools like PM2 or Node Cluster allow you to scale applications
across multiple CPU cores.

3. Single Programming Language

 Developers can use JavaScript for both the frontend and backend, simplifying
development and reducing the need to learn multiple languages.
 This consistency improves collaboration between frontend and backend teams.

4. Asynchronous and Non-Blocking

 Node.js uses asynchronous programming by default, meaning tasks don’t wait for
others to complete before proceeding.
 This makes Node.js perfect for I/O-heavy tasks like:
o Handling API requests.
o Real-time data streams.
o Interacting with databases or file systems.

5. Real-Time Capabilities
  Node.js is excellent for building real-time applications such as:
o Chat applications.
o Online gaming.
o Collaborative tools (e.g., Google Docs).
o Live tracking (e.g., ride-sharing apps like Uber).
 Libraries like Socket.IO enable bi-directional communication between client and
server.

6. Rich Ecosystem (NPM)

 Node.js has a vast ecosystem of libraries and modules via NPM (Node Package
Manager).
 NPM hosts over 2 million packages that simplify tasks like:
o Authentication (e.g., Passport.js).
o Payment integration (e.g., Stripe).
o Web frameworks (e.g., Express.js, Nest.js).
o Database access (e.g., Mongoose for MongoDB)

Node.js is ideal for the following types of applications:

1. Real-Time Applications: Chat apps, gaming platforms, live tracking, etc.

2. API-Driven Applications: RESTful APIs or GraphQL services.
3. Data-Intensive Applications: Apps requiring high throughput (e.g., streaming
platforms like Netflix).
4. Single-Page Applications (SPAs): Paired with frontend frameworks like React or
Angular.
5. Microservices: For creating distributed, modular systems.
6. Serverless Applications: Works well with serverless platforms like AWS Lambda.

2.3 – ExpressJS
Express.js is a web application framework for Node.js. It simplifies building web
applications and APIs by providing a robust set of tools and features to handle requests,
routes, middleware, and more. It’s lightweight, unopinionated, and designed to give
developers the flexibility to build scalable applications efficiently.

Key Features of Express.js

1. Minimal and Fast

o Express.js is lightweight and doesn’t impose strict rules on how you should
structure your app, making it highly flexible.
2. Middleware Support
o Middleware functions are functions that execute during the request-response
lifecycle.
o They allow you to add custom logic (e.g., authentication, logging, error
handling) to your application.
3. Routing
o Express makes it simple to define routes to handle requests for specific URLs
(e.g., /login, /profile).
o Routes can be dynamic, handling parameters (e.g., /user/:id).
4. Supports Templating Engines
o Easily integrate with templating engines like Pug, EJS, or Handlebars to
render dynamic HTML pages.
5. Robust API Development
o Ideal for creating RESTful APIs or GraphQL APIs.
o Easily handle HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.
6. Extensive Ecosystem
o Compatible with numerous Node.js modules via NPM (Node Package
Manager).
o Add features like authentication (passport.js), database interaction
(mongoose), and input validation (joi).
7. Error Handling
o Built-in error-handling mechanisms and customizable error-handling
middleware.
8. Static File Serving
o Serve static files like images, CSS, and JavaScript directly from a folder.

Why Use Express.js?

 1. Simplifies Backend Development
o Express provides an abstraction over Node.js's native HTTP module, reducing
boilerplate code.
2. Flexibility
o It doesn’t enforce specific patterns or rules, allowing developers to design
their architecture freely.
3. Scalability
o Easily scales with the growth of your application, supporting microservices or
monolithic architectures.
4. Community Support
o Backed by a large community, it’s well-documented, regularly updated, and
supported with third-party libraries.
5. Real-Time Applications
o Pairs well with WebSocket libraries like Socket.IO to build real-time apps
(e.g., chat apps, live tracking).

2.4 – MongoDB
MongoDB is a NoSQL database that uses a document-oriented approach to store data.
Instead of traditional rows and columns (as in relational databases), MongoDB stores data in
flexible, JSON-like documents, making it ideal for applications requiring high performance,
scalability, and flexibility in data storage.

MongoDB is designed for modern web and mobile applications that handle large amounts of
unstructured or semi-structured data.

Key Features of MongoDB

1. Document-Oriented
o Data is stored in BSON (Binary JSON) format, allowing for a flexible
schema.
o Documents in a collection can have different fields, making it schema-less.
2. Scalability
o MongoDB supports horizontal scaling through sharding, enabling it to handle
large amounts of data and traffic across distributed servers.
3. High Performance
o Optimized for read and write operations, MongoDB is ideal for applications
requiring low-latency responses.
4. Rich Query Language
o MongoDB supports a powerful query syntax for filtering, sorting, and
aggregating data.
5. Indexing
o Supports indexing for faster query performance on specific fields.
6. Geospatial Queries
o Ideal for location-based applications like ride-sharing or food delivery apps.
7. Replication
o MongoDB supports replica sets, ensuring data availability and redundancy
across multiple servers.
8. Aggregation Framework
o Provides a way to perform complex data transformations and computations.
9. Flexible Schema
o Developers can easily adjust data structure as application needs evolve, unlike
relational databases that require migrations.
10. Built-In Sharding
o MongoDB can distribute large datasets across multiple servers automatically.

Why Use MongoDB?

1. Flexibility in Data Models
o Store structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data.
o Suitable for rapidly changing requirements.
2. Ease of Development
o JSON-like documents simplify data representation and make development
intuitive.
3. Scalability for Big Data
o Handles massive datasets and high-traffic workloads effectively.
4. Cloud-Native
o Fully integrated with cloud platforms and available as a managed service (e.g.,
MongoDB Atlas).
5. Rich Ecosystem
o Compatible with popular programming languages and frameworks like
Node.js, Python, Java, and more.
2.5 – Bootstrap , Tailwind CSS and CSS

When it comes to designing and styling websites, these three tools play a significant role.
Here's a detailed breakdown of each:

1. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS is the core technology for styling web pages. It controls how HTML elements are
displayed on the screen, such as layout, colors, fonts, and animations.

Features:

 Customizable: You have full control over how your webpage looks.
 Granularity: Write styles for each individual element or use classes for groups.
 Animations and Transitions: Add interactive effects.
 Media Queries: Create responsive designs that adapt to different screen sizes.

Advantages:

 Completely flexible and not dependent on libraries.

 Perfect for custom, unique designs.

Challenges:

 Can become repetitive and difficult to manage in large projects.

 Requires more time to create responsive layouts from scratch.

2. Bootstrap

Bootstrap is a CSS framework developed by Twitter that provides ready-to-use components

and utilities to build responsive websites quickly.

Key Features:

1. Grid System:
o A responsive, mobile-first 12-column grid layout.
o Simplifies creating responsive layouts.

2. Pre-Designed Components:
o Ready-to-use elements like buttons, modals, forms, carousels, and navigation bars.

3. Utility Classes:
o Classes like text-center, d-flex, and mt-3 simplify common tasks.
 4. Customizable via Sass:
o Allows you to override Bootstrap variables for branding.

Advantages:

 Speeds up development with prebuilt components.

 No need to write custom CSS for common elements.
 Large community support and extensive documentation.

Challenges:

 Websites can look generic if not customized.

 Additional unused CSS might increase file size unless optimized.

3. Tailwind CSS

Tailwind CSS is a utility-first CSS framework that allows you to design directly in your
HTML by using classes. Unlike Bootstrap, it does not provide pre-designed components but
focuses on utilities to style your elements from scratch.

Key Features:

1. Utility-First Classes:
o Directly style elements with classes like text-center, bg-blue-500, or p-4.

2. Customizable and Configurable:

o Fully customizable via the tailwind.config.js file.
o You can extend the default design system with your brand’s colors, fonts, etc.

3. Responsive Design Utilities:

o Use classes like md: bg-green-500 or sm: flex to create responsive designs.

4. Small File Size (Optimized for Production):

o Unused CSS is removed using PurgeCSS, keeping the final CSS file minimal.

5. No Predefined Components:
o Gives developers full control over how components are styled.

Advantages:

 Fully customizable, allowing for unique designs.

 No dependency on prebuilt components (great for branding).
 Lightweight CSS in production builds.

Challenges:

 Learning curve for beginners, especially when dealing with numerous classes.
 Can lead to cluttered HTML if not managed well.
Key Differences Between Bootstrap, Tailwind CSS, and CSS:

Feature CSS Bootstrap Tailwind CSS

Utility-first styling
Purpose Core styling language Prebuilt components and utilities
framework

Learning Curve Moderate Easy for beginners Steeper (lots of classes)

Design Write everything from Use prebuilt components and

Style directly in HTML
Approach scratch styles

Customizable but tied to

Customization Full control Highly customizable
framework styles

Manual (via media Responsive utilities

Responsiveness Built-in grid system and utilities
queries) built-in

Can be optimized Might include unused CSS unless Optimized via

Performance
manually optimized PurgeCSS

Can be bulky if unused CSS is

Output Size Depends on usage Small (optimized builds)
not removed
 CHAPTER- 3
3.1 Feasibility Study
3.1.1 Technical Feasibility
The cab booking app relies on several core technologies for its functioning. Here is an
overview of these technical components:
 Mobile Platforms: The app should be developed for both Android and iOS, allowing
cross-platform compatibility. Technologies like React Native or Flutter could be
used to ensure the same codebase for both platforms, reducing the development effort
and cost.
 Backend Infrastructure: The backend of the application should be able to handle
real-time data processing, such as ride requests, GPS updates, and payment
processing. This can be implemented using cloud-based services like Amazon Web
Services (AWS) or Google Cloud, which can scale easily as the app grows in users.
 Database: The system will need to handle large amounts of data efficiently. For user
and ride management, a NoSQL database such as MongoDB or Cassandra can be
used to store flexible data. A relational database like PostgreSQL could be used for
transaction logs and user authentication.
 Geolocation Services: The app must support GPS and real-time location tracking.
Google Maps API can be integrated to display maps, calculate ride distances, and
provide navigation for drivers.
 Payment Integration: A payment gateway like Stripe or Razorpay will allow users
to pay for their rides securely. The integration should ensure compliance with PCI-
DSS for handling payment data securely.
 Real-Time Updates: WebSockets can be utilized for real-time communication
between the user and driver regarding ride status, allowing both parties to track the
progress of the ride live.

3.1.2 Operational Feasibility

Operational feasibility assesses whether the application can be run effectively from a business
standpoint.
 Driver Onboarding: Recruitment of drivers can be managed through a dedicated
driver app interface. This would allow drivers to register their details, upload
necessary documents, and get their background checks done. Training materials and
support should be available to help them navigate the app and learn operational
protocols.
  User Experience: To ensure user adoption, the app should offer a simple and
intuitive user interface with seamless booking and payment options. The user journey
needs to be as smooth as possible—from creating an account to booking a ride and
paying for the service.
 Scalability: The app should be designed in a modular way, so that as the user base
grows, additional features (like ride-sharing, route optimization, etc.) can be
incorporated. Scalability is key to handling future expansion and increased demand.

3.2 Risk Management

3.2.1 Technical Risks
 Data Security: Ensuring that sensitive data, such as payment information, is kept
secure. Regular security audits, encryption protocols, and secure communication
channels (e.g., HTTPS) are essential.
 API Failures: External APIs, such as GPS or payment gateways, may experience
downtime. Having fallback systems and monitoring in place will mitigate the impact.
 Scalability: The system should be able to handle a significant increase in traffic,
especially during peak hours. Load balancing, horizontal scaling, and cloud services
are essential.

3.2.2 Operational Risks

 Driver Availability: Ensuring that there are always enough drivers available to meet
the demand is crucial for the app’s success. This can be managed by incentivizing
drivers during peak hours and maintaining a large driver pool.
 Customer Service: Poor customer support could lead to user dissatisfaction and app
abandonment. A dedicated support team should handle queries and complaints
promptly, with a multi-channel support system (phone, chat, email).
 Ride Cancellations: Ride cancellations by users or drivers can cause service
disruptions. A cancellation fee and a rating system for both drivers and users can help
minimize this risk.

3.2.3 Legal Risks

 Regulatory Compliance: Regulatory bodies may change laws that affect ride-sharing
apps. Keeping up with legal updates and ensuring compliance is necessary to avoid
fines or shutdowns.
 Insurance Claims: If a driver is involved in an accident during a ride, there may be
legal complexities regarding insurance claims. Ensuring drivers have the necessary
coverage and offering additional insurance from the platform will mitigate this risk.

3.2.4 Market Risks

  Competition: Established services like Uber or Lyft pose a significant competitive
threat. To stay ahead, the app must offer unique features, competitive pricing, and
reliable service.
 Adoption Rate: Slow adoption by users and drivers can lead to financial losses.
Effective marketing, partnerships with local businesses, and referral programs can
help overcome this.

3.3 Project Plan

3.3.1 Project Phases
1. Initiation Phase:
o Objective: Define project goals, scope, and initial requirements.
o Duration: 5-10 Days
2. Development Phase:
o Objective: Build the backend, frontend, and integrate APIs.
o Duration: 30-40 days
o Activities:
 Develop database models and APIs.
3. Testing Phase:
o Objective: Perform unit testing, integration testing, and user acceptance
testing.
o Duration: 1 week
o Activities:
 Perform functional and non-functional testing.
 Bug fixing.
 User testing to ensure the app meets business requirements.
4. Maintenance Phase:
o Objective: Address bugs, provide updates, and add features.
o Duration: Ongoing
o Activities:
 Bug fixes and performance monitoring.
 Periodic updates and new feature releases.
3.4 Process Model

Use Case: User Booking a Ride

1. User opens the app and logs in.
2. User enters ride details (pick-up location, destination).
3. System calculates fare using distance/time.
4. User confirms booking.
5. System sends ride request to nearest driver.
6. Driver accepts ride.
7. User gets details (driver name, car model, ETA).
8. User tracks driver’s real-time location.
9. Driver arrives at pick-up location.
10. Payment is processed, and feedback request is sent.

Use Case: Driver Accepting a Ride

1. Driver logs in to the driver app.
2. System shows available ride requests.
3. Driver accepts a ride request.
4. System updates the ride status.
5. Driver navigates to pick-up location using GPS.
6. Driver completes ride, and payment is processed.
 CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN
 6.1 Task Dependency Diagram
 6.2 Time Line Chart

Working Tasks
W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12
1)Requirement
Gathering
Collected requirement
from our guide
Analyze gathered
information
Determine different
modules
2)Planning & analysis

Analyze data for

possible risk
Identify technical risk

Determine different
modules
3)Designing`

Design database tables

Design basic interface

of the site
Design web form for
modules
4)Coding and
development project
Implement logic
for different
modules
Implement database
connectivity
Implement Report

Integrate different
modules
5)Testing

Validate input
control and
check
accuracy of
Reports
Sequence Diagram

DFD Diagrams
(Figure : Context Level)
(Figure : 1st Level Of User)

(Figure : 2nd Level Of User)

(Figure : 1st Level Of Admin)
(Figure : 2nd Level Of Admin)
 CHAPTER -6

6.2 Testing Cases

Testing cases for a cab booking application are designed to cover all possible scenarios, ensuring that
the app functions as expected under a variety of conditions. Below are some example testing cases
categorized by functionality:

6.2.1 User Registration and Login

 Test Case 1: Verify that a user can register successfully with a valid email, password.

 Test Case 2: Verify that the user receives a verification email after registration.

 Test Case 3: Verify that the system displays an error message when an invalid email address
is entered during registration.

 Test Case 4: Verify that a user can log in with the correct credentials.

 Test Case 5: Verify that the app displays an error message if the user enters incorrect
credentials.

6.2.2 Ride Booking

 Test Case 1: Verify that a user can enter the pick-up and destination locations correctly.

 Test Case 2: Verify that the fare estimate is displayed correctly based on the ride distance
and type.

 Test Case 3: Verify that the user can confirm a ride request successfully.

 Test Case 4: Verify that the user can cancel a ride request before a driver accepts it.

 Test Case 5: Verify that the user can track the driver’s real-time location on the map during
the ride.

6.2.3 Captain

Test Case 1: Verify that the captain receives ride requests when they are online and nearby.

 Test Case 2: Verify that the driver can accept or reject a ride request.

 Test Case 3: Verify that the driver can navigate to the pick-up location using the app’s
integrated GPS.

 Test Case 4: Verify that the driver can mark the ride as completed after dropping the
passenger off.

 Test Case 5: Verify that the driver can view ride history and earnings.

6.2.4 Payment

 Test Case 1: Verify that users can make payments via credit/debit card, mobile wallets, or
cash.

 Test Case 2: Verify that the payment gateway integrates correctly and processes payments
without errors.

 Test Case 3: Verify that users are charged correctly according to the fare estimate.
  Test Case 4: Verify that the app provides an option for users to apply promo codes.

 Test Case 5: Verify that the payment confirmation page is displayed after a successful
transaction.

6.2.5 Notifications

 Test Case 1: Verify that the user receives a notification when a driver accepts the ride
request.

 Test Case 2: Verify that the user receives a notification when the driver arrives at the pick-up
location.

 Test Case 3: Verify that the driver receives a notification when a user books a ride.

 Test Case 4: Verify that the user is notified when the ride is complete and payment is
successful.

6.2.6 Security

 Test Case 1: Verify that the user’s personal and payment information is encrypted during
transmission.

 Test Case 2: Verify that the system limits login attempts to prevent brute force attacks.

 Test Case 3: Verify that passwords are stored securely using hash encryption.

 Test Case 4: Verify that the app logs users out after a period of inactivity.

6.2.7 Usability and UI Testing

 Test Case 1: Verify that the user interface is responsive on all supported screen sizes
(mobile, tablet, and desktop).

 Test Case 2: Verify that the app’s design follows the established branding guidelines.

 Test Case 3: Verify that all buttons and links are functional.

 Test Case 4: Verify that the text and fonts are legible on all screen sizes.

6.3 Implementation Approaches

The implementation approach outlines the methods and strategies used to develop and deploy the
cab booking application. It covers the software architecture, coding standards, and deployment
strategies.

6.3.1 Software Architecture

 Frontend Architecture:

o Android and iOS will be built using React Native or Flutter, ensuring a consistent
user experience across platforms.

o The web interface will be built using ReactJS to provide an intuitive, responsive user
interface.

 Backend Architecture:
 o The backend will follow a Microservices Architecture, where each service (e.g., ride
management, user management, payment processing) is independent and scalable.

o Node.js with Express.js will be used for API development.

o The database layer will use MongoDB (for non-relational data) based on the
requirements.

 Third-Party Integrations:

o GoMaps API will be used for location services (ride tracking, route planning).

o Twilio or Firebase will be used for SMS and push notifications.

 Security:

o JWT (JSON Web Tokens) will be used for session management and secure token-
based authentication.

6.3.3 Deployment Strategy

 Staging Environment: A staging environment will mirror the production environment to

ensure that the app behaves as expected before going live.

 Cloud Deployment: The app will be deployed on cloud platforms like AWS or Google Cloud,
which can handle auto-scaling and provide high availability.

 App Store Deployment: The app will be deployed on Google Play Store and Apple App Store
after passing testing and receiving approval.