SIPROTEC 5 Motor Protection

Overview

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Why Motor Protection?

Short Circuits Bearing Too High Temperatures Unloaded Drives

in the Motor Failures of Stator and Rotor & Load Jam Situation
• Destroy motor • Destroy motor • Destroy motor • Damages drive
and driven machines and driven machines and driven machines
• Production outage • Production outage • Production outage

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Protection Functions for Various Types of Motor Faults

Type of Faults Protection Function ANSI No

Short-circuits (2 or 3 phase) Short-circuit protection (I>, Idiff>) 51, 87M
Earth-fault Earth-fault protection 51N, 64S, 67N, 67NS
Thermal overload of the stator during operation Stator thermal overload protection (with memory) 49
Thermal overload of the rotor during start
• Too long or blocked Motor starting time supervision 48
• Too frequent Restart inhibit 66, 49R
Loss of phase; voltage unbalance Negative seq. protection (I2/IN)/unbalanced load protection 46
Undervoltage Undervoltage protection 27
Starting torque not reached
M ≈ U* or start too long
Increased load situation Load jam protection 50LJ
Overheating of plant on unloaded Undercurrent protection; 37
drives (Pumps, compressors) Active power protection (P<) 32U
Bearing overload Temperature sensors (RTD‘s) –
Synchronous Motor: Synchronous Motor:
… • Asynchronous operation Underexcitation protection, (out of step protection) 40, (78)
• Rotor ground fault Rotor ground fault protection 64R

Short Circuits in the Motor Bearing Failures Too High Temperatures of Stator and Rotor Unloaded Drives & Load Jam Situation … Others

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Motor Protection Devices

7SX800 7SK82 7SX82 7SK85/7SX85

CTs 4 4 4 4/8+
VTs 4 (4) 4 4/8+
BI 4/14/17 11/23 11/23 11+
BO 5/11/8 9/16 9/16 9+
RTD (ext 12)* (12) (ext 12)* (ext 12)*

() optional; ext: external RTD box; * direct connection of RTD elements in preparation

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SIPROTEC 5 Motor Protection Relays

Preference Optional

Current measurement

Current and voltage measurement

(Asynchronous) (Synchronous)

Current and voltage measurement

and Differential protection

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Atex Certificates

for motors in explosive environments

Special ordering variant

• Dedicated FW
• Dedicated HW set up
• Dedicated Manual

SIPROTEC Compact SIPROTEC 5 SIPROTEC 5

7SK80 7SK82 7SK85/7UM85

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Typical Application:
Small Induction Motors

7SX800 (or 7SK82, 7SK85, 7SX8x)

CB or
contactor + fuse

transformer
(optional)

37: undercurrent
37, 46, 48, 49S, 66 46: unbalanced load
50, 51, 50 LJ 48: starting time supervision
49S: stator overload prot
38 66: restart inhibit
50,51: overcurrent
50LJ: load jam prot

temp. measurement
optional
M RTD

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Typical Application:
Medium Size Induction Motors

7SX800 or 7SK82, 7SK85, 7SX85

CB or 27: undervoltage
contactor + fuse 59: overvoltage
optional
27 , 59, 59N 59N: ground overvoltage

67Ns: dir. sens. ground fault

variable speed drive transformer 67Ns prot (isolated networks)
for motor start only, VSD (optional)
optional
37: undercurrent
37, 46, 48, 49S, 66 46: unbalanced load
50, 51, 50 LJ 48: starting time supervision
49S: stator overload prot
38 66: restart inhibit
optional 50,51: overcurrent
50LJ: load jam prot

38: temperature prot (3-6 RTDs), e.g.:

temp. measurement No 3: stator windings
No 2: bearings
M RTD No 1: hot air or cooling water

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Typical Application:
Large Size Induction Motors

7SK85, 7SX85
CB or 27: undervoltage
contactor + fuse 59: overvoltage
27 , 59, 59N 59N: ground overvoltage

67Ns: dir. sens. ground fault

variable speed drive transformer 67Ns prot (isolated networks)
for motor start only, VSD (optional)
(optional)
37: undercurrent
37, 46, 48, 49S, 66 46: unbalanced load
50, 51, 50 LJ 48: starting time supervision
49S: stator overload prot
87M 66: restart inhibit
50,51: overcurrent
38 50LJ: load jam prot
87M: motor differential prot

temp. measurement 38: temperature prot (9-12 RTDs), e.g.:

No 6: stator windings
M RTD No 2: bearings
No 2: cold air/hot air or cooling water

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Typical Application:
Large Synchronous Motors

7SK85 or 7UM85
27: undervoltage
59: overvoltage
59N: ground overvoltage
27 , 40, 59, 59N
CB or
67Ns: dir. sens. ground fault
contactor + fuse
prot (isolated networks)
variable speed drive 67Ns, 40, 78
for motor start only, VSD 40: underexcitation
78: out of step
(optional)
37, 46, 48, 49S, 66 37: undercurrent
50, 51, 50 LJ 46: unbalanced load
48: starting time supervision
49S: stator overload prot
87M
66: restart inhibit
50,51: overcurrent
starting transformer 50LJ: load jam prot
(optional) 87M: motor differential prot
RGF coupling
64F 64F: rotor ground fault protection

SM 38 38: temperature prot (9-12 RTDs), e.g.:

No 6: stator windings
No 2: bearings
RTD temp. measurement No 2: cold air/hot air or cooling water

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Motor Start Currents

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Short Circuit Protection

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Overcurrent Protection

Instantanous stage:
I>>> = 1.3 * Istart_trans ; TI>>> = 0 s
I
High set stage:

Istart_trans I>> = 1.2 * Istart ; TI >> = 0.1 s

50 51
Istart

Start up current
load current
(normal operation)

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Motor Differential Protection

I
Classical current differential principle
3 phase CTs additionally on the starpoint
side of the motor. Istart_trans

Istart Idiff fast > ≈ 1,2 Istart;

Start up current T-Idiff fast > = 0s

load current
(normal operation)
Idiff > ≈ 0,2 IN ;
Additionally required:
t T-Idiff> = 0s
Current transformer in the starpoint
Differential protection function 87M

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Motor Differential Protection

Line currents are brought back through

window type CT.
Phase currents of terminal and starpoint I
side cable are subtracted from each other
Differential current is built magnetically. Istart_trans
Evaluation via a overcurrent stage
Istart O/C stage
Additionally required: Start up current I> = 0.2 IN; TI > = 0.0 s
Window type current transformer load current
(normal operation)
(1 per phase)
1ph cable backwards through this t
CT
Overcurrent protection function
M M M

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Thermal Overload
Protection Stator

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Thermal Overload of a Motor

Thermal Overheating of the Stator 49 thermal O/L protection stator

• during continuous operation

Thermal Overheating of the Rotor

• during start (too long, locked rotor) 48 starting time supervision
• during too frequent starts 66 restart inhibit protection
• during a negative sequence current
• loss of phase 46 Def time I2
• unsymmetrical voltage 46 unbalance load protection

Thermal overheating of bearings RTD sensors

Thermal overheating of plant on Undercurrent/Underpower

• unloaded drives protection

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Overload Protection
Stator

stator currents
Istator,max = k*IN Θ=1 max. stator temperature
permanent
thermal
50 51
model temperature Θ
calculation
Istator = 0 Θ=0 reference temp. 40o C

standardized, per unit value

% of max. stator temperature

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Overload Protection
Stator

Istator = I2 Θ2

Istator = I1 Θ1

𝐼𝐼 𝜃𝜃
𝐼𝐼2 2
𝜃𝜃2 𝜃𝜃2 = ( )
𝐼𝐼2 𝑘𝑘 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼

𝐼𝐼1 2
𝐼𝐼1 𝜃𝜃1 𝜃𝜃1 = ( )
𝑘𝑘 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼
𝑡𝑡 𝜏𝜏 𝑡𝑡
𝜃𝜃2 > 𝜃𝜃1 𝜃𝜃 𝑡𝑡 = 𝜃𝜃1 + (𝜃𝜃2 − 𝜃𝜃1 ) (1 − 𝑒𝑒 −𝑡𝑡⁄τ𝑡𝑡𝑡 )
𝐼𝐼 𝜃𝜃 𝐼𝐼1 2
𝜃𝜃1 𝜃𝜃1 = ( )
𝑘𝑘 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼
𝐼𝐼1

𝐼𝐼2 2
𝐼𝐼2 𝜃𝜃2 𝜃𝜃2 = ( )
𝑘𝑘 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼
𝑡𝑡 𝜏𝜏 𝑡𝑡
𝜃𝜃2 < 𝜃𝜃1
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Thermal Model
Tripping Time

thermal preload
define the tripping time
new load current

temperature Θ Preload
in
% of IN

Θ=1 k*100%

1 100%
Θ=
𝑘𝑘 2
88%
2 2
𝐼𝐼 𝐼𝐼𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
−
74% 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑁𝑁 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑁𝑁
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = τ𝑡𝑡𝑡 ln ( 2 )
𝐼𝐼
− 1
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑁𝑁

Thermal
memory

Start ttrip1 ttrip2 ttrip3 t

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Overload Protection
Summary

𝜃𝜃
𝜃𝜃2

Summary:

𝜃𝜃1 For I = k IN the max. temperature θmax = 1 is reached (steady state)

𝜏𝜏 𝑡𝑡 All values are dimensionless values
𝜃𝜃2 > 𝜃𝜃1

To define the thermal behaviour only the following settings are required:
𝜃𝜃 IN: nominal current of the motor
𝜃𝜃1
k: permissible overload factor (as a multiple of IN)
τth: thermal time constant of the object
𝜃𝜃2 a permanent thermal image is available
𝜏𝜏 𝑡𝑡
𝜃𝜃2 < 𝜃𝜃1

𝜃𝜃1 = 𝜃𝜃𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝜃𝜃2 = 𝜃𝜃𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒

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Motor Monitor

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Motor Monitor
Motor State Detection

Restart inhibit Start time supervision

1
Standstill Starting

5
4 5. Imin > Current threshold
& f > f<recogn.slowdown motor
1. Imax > Curr.thres.starting 6
Slowdown

2. Imax < 1.2 * IN 6. Imax < Curr.thres. CB open

OR f < f<recogn.slowdown motor
7 2
3. Imax < Curr.thres. CB open 3
OR f < f<recogn.slowdown motor 7. Imin > Current threshold
& Imax < Curr.limit
4. Imax < Curr.thres. CB open & f > f<recogn.slowdown motor
& Time delay sd. to standst. & 10s elapsed
Running
elapsed
Curr.limit = max(1.2*IN ;
0.8* Curr.thres.starting)
Load-jam

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Thermal Overload
Protection: Rotor

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Thermal Overload of a Motor
Function Overview

Thermal Overheating of the Stator 49 thermal O/L protection stator

• during continuous operation

Thermal Overheating of the Rotor

• during start (too long, locked rotor) 48 starting time supervision
• during too frequent starts 66 restart inhibit protection
• during a negative sequence current
• loss of phase 46 Def time I2
• unsymmetrical voltage 46 unbalance load protection

Thermal overheating of bearings RTD sensors

Thermal overheating of plant on Undercurrent/Underpower

• unloaded drives protection

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Overload Protection for the Rotor
Temperatures According to Thermal Model
τr
𝜃𝜃2

• Permanent calculation of rotor temperature

• Standardized, per unit value

• % of max. rotor temperature

thermal limit
𝜃𝜃𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝜃𝜃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝜃𝜃𝑁𝑁
Required data: t

nc = 3 number of starts from cold

nw = 2 number of starts from warm (running)
Tst = 5 s starting time
Ist = 5 I𝑁𝑁 starting current 66 restart inhibit 49R rotor overload

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Restart Inhibit 66

Prevents a motor from being started too often in a certain time

1. Thermal stage: permanently calculates the rotor temperature

2. Counter stage: allows a certain number of starts in a given time

3. Timer stage: requires a minimum time between two consecutive starts

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Restart Inhibit:
Thermal Stage

Max. permissible rotor temperature ΘRmax

1. Cooling down
(=100%)
0 with
τL·kτ operation
τL·kτ still stand
Restart limit Θrestart

Temperature on
rotor bar
upper bar
lower bar

Thermal
image tequ tequ tequ
il. il. il.
0
t
tMin rest
IS inhib

I
N0
CB t
I>
1) 1) Restart inhibit: _:11221:302
2) 2) Warning: _:11221:301

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Restart Inhibit:
Counter Stage

A certain number of starts is allowed in a certain time period. For example: max. 2 starts in 1 hour.

Motor running

Time interval (per starts)

Restart inhibit timer

Max. No of starts reached

Restart inhibit signal

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Restart Inhibit:
Timer Stage

Motor running

Min time 25 min Min time 25 min

between starts between starts
Restart inhibit timer

13
Restart inhibit signal

0 12 30 80

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48 Motor Starting Time Supervision:
Tripping Characteristic

Prevents a too long motor start

𝐼𝐼𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
2 Active during motor start
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠,𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Locked rotor char.
𝐼𝐼 Max starting time for cold and warm motor

A locked rotor characteristic can be activated via

the binary input „>rotor locked“

Permanent calculation of temperature Θ

during start

(from motor monitor)

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Thermal Overload of a Motor

Thermal Overheating of the Stator 49 thermal O/L protection stator

• during continuous operation

Thermal Overheating of the Rotor

• during start (too long, locked rotor) 48 starting time supervision
• during too frequent starts 66 restart inhibit protection
• during a negative sequence current
• loss of phase 46 Def time I2
• unsymmetrical voltage 46 unbalance load protection

Thermal overheating of bearings RTD sensors

Thermal overheating of plant on Undercurrent/Underpower

• unloaded drives protection

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Negative Sequence Current Protection
Loss of a Phase

ΙL1
ΙL2 Network
ΙL3

Ι1L3
UM3 UL3
UL3 ΙL3
Ι1L1

Network voltage
U L1
UL1 Ι1L2 Ι2L3
UM1
ΙL1 = 0
Motor voltage
Ι2L1
ΙL2
UUL2M2 UL2
Ι2L2

Negative sequence currents overheat the rotor

Fast reaction necessary
 46 Negative sequence O/C function

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Negative Sequence Current Protection
Voltage Unbalance

UA
UA Positive
Sequence
UC UB

UA
UB Negative
UC UB UC Sequence

Due to the low negative sequence reactance a negative sequence voltage leads
to a high negative sequence current

1 % of U2 (5 - 6) % of I2

 46 Unbalanced load protection (thermal model inside)

Advantage: motor is only tripped when the temperature limit is reached

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46 Unbalance Load Protection
Tripping Characteristic

Prevents overheating due to negative sequence current

Permanently calculates temperature due to I2
2
𝐼𝐼𝑁𝑁
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 𝐾𝐾
𝐼𝐼2

Starting condition: I2 > threshold

Delayed cooling down temperature

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Load Jam Protection

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Load Jam Protection

Detects:
• Rotor locking or
• Load jump

Criterion:
• Current jump during running state of the motor

• Faster than all thermal stages

• Additionally: sensitive O/C short circuit protection in the running state.

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Load Jam Protection

Increasing the load of a motor increases

or breakdown torque
also the load current in order to increase
the torque.

If the required torque is higher than the stall torque

the motor comes to a standstill.
locked rotor torque

The increase of current over the stall current while

the motor is running is an indication of a load jam
0 nN nsync rpm

I
load jam charact. (active only in the running state)
Istart_trans

Istart Start up current

load current
(normal operation)

t
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Additional
Functions & Tools

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Motor Start Record/Slow Scan

Recording of startup phase of the motor

• record currents/voltages/powers…
• Binary signals like CB close cmd, status
VB (standstill/starting/running/slowdown)

VC Standard slow scan recorder function is used

• freely programmable
IA
• Standard comtrade format/native format
IB
Can be displayed via
IC
• Sigra
standstill • Siemens Comtrade Viewer
starting
running • SIPROTEC 5 WebUI
gen p.u.
• Any other comtrade viewer

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Motor start record
Standard assignment of signals in DIGSI 5

Motor state Purpose:

Verify most important parameters during startup

Ph-g voltages History of startups

verify changes in behaviour

Phase currents

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SIPROTEC Tools

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SIPROTEC Tools

• Toolbox for field tasks

• Portable program
• No DIGSI 5 needed

Free of charge

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SIPROTEC Tools
Hardware and Wiring Test for Binary Inputs and Outputs

Close binary output

Active binary input

Binary input threshold

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SIPROTEC Tools
Hardware and Wiring Test for Analog Inputs and LEDs

Application:
• Inject currents/voltages
at cubicle terminals
• Verify polarity and phase
sequence Amplitude and phase angles
for all voltages and currents
• Validate the LEDs
• Validate the function keys

Phasors in vector diagrams

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SIPROTEC Tools
Wiring Test Between Devices

Application:
• For each device one
instance of Tools is started

• cross test from BO of first

to BI of second device

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SIPROTEC Tools
Load data – on site or from remote into device

Device Functionality
DAF

Device Driver
DDD Remote
connection
Configuration
TCF
Direct
connection

Office/Remote Panel building/On site

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SIPROTEC Tools
Get data – on site or from remote

Process Data
Logs

Remote
connection
Configuration
TCF
Direct
connection

Office/Remote Panel building/On site

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SIPROTEC DigitalTwin
Virtual Testing of SIPROTEC 5 Protection Devices
SIPROTEC 5 Digital Twin

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 Motor Protection
Application Guide
Download here

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Page 56 Unrestricted | © Siemens 2024 | SI EA
 Contact
Claus Wagner
Technical Specialist Motor, Generator, Transformer Protection
Smart Infrastructure/Electrification & Automation

Mozartstraße 31 C
91052 Erlangen
+49 172 3265910
[email protected]

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Thank you for attending the webinar

Watch detailed motor protection tutorial:

https://www.siemens.com/global/en/products/energy/energy-automation-and-smart-
grid/webinars/protection-relay-motor-protection-siprotec-2303.html

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Contact/Disclaimer
Published by Siemens 2025
Smart Infrastructure
Electrification & Automation
Mozartstraße 31 C
91052 Erlangen
Germany

For the U.S. published by

Siemens Industry Inc.
3617 Parkway Lane
Peachtree Corners, GA 30092
United States

© Siemens 2024
Subject to changes and errors. The information given in this
document/video only contains general descriptions and/or performance
features which may not always specifically reflect those described,
or which may undergo modification in the course of further development
of the products. The requested performance features are binding only
when they are expressly agreed upon in the concluded contract.
All product designations may be trademarks or other rights of Siemens,
its affiliated companies or other companies whose use by third parties
for their own purposes could violate the rights of the respective owner.

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