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CLASS X: MATHS
Chapter 2: Polynomials
Questions and Solutions | Exercise 2.1 - NCERT Books

Q1. The graph of y = p(x) are given in fig below, for some polynomials p(x). Find the number of
zeros of p(x), in each case.
y y

x' x x' x
O O

y' y'
(i) (ii)
y y

x' x x' x
O O

y' y'
(iii) (iv)
y y

x' x x' x
O O

y' y'
(v) (vi)

Sol. (i) Graph of y = p(x) does not intersect the

x-axis. Hence, polynomial p(x) has no zero.

(ii) Graph of y = p(x) intersects the x-axis at one

and only one point.
Hence, polynomial p(x) has one and only one real zero.

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(iii) Graph of y = p(x) intersects the x-axis at 3

points. Hence, polynomial p(x) has 3 zeros.

(iv) Graph of y = p(x) intersects the x-axis at 2 points. Hence, polynomial p(x) has 2 zeros.

(v) Graph of y = p(x) intersects the x-axis at 4 points. Hence, polynomial p(x) has 4 zeros.

(vi) Graph of y = p(x) intersects the x-axis at 1 points and touch x-axis at 2 points. Hence, p(x)
has 3 zeros.

Questions and Solutions | Exercise 2.2 - NCERT Books

Q1. Find the zeros of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the relationship between
the zeros and the coefficients.
(i) x2 – 2x – 8 (ii) 4s2 – 4s + 1
2
(iii) 6x – 3 – 7x (iv) 4u2 + 8u
(v) t2 – 15 (vi) 3x2 – x – 4

Sol. (i) x2 – 2x – 8 = x2 – 4x + 2x – 8
= x (x – 4) + 2(x – 4) = (x + 2) (x – 4)
Zeroes are – 2 and 4.
Sum of the zeros
–(–2) –(Coefficient of x)
= (– 2) + (4) = 2 = 
1 (Coefficient of x2 )
Product of the zeros
(–8 ) (Constant term)
= (– 2) (4) = – 8 = = (Coefficient of x2 )
1

(ii) 4s2 – 4s + 1 = (2s – 1)2

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1 1
The two zeros are ,
2 2
Sum of the two zeros
1 1 –(–4 ) –(Coefficient of x)
=  =1= 
2 2 4 (Coefficient of x2 )
Product of two zeros
1 1 1 (Constant term)
=     = = (Coefficient of x2 )
2 2 4

(iii) 6x2 – 7x – 3
= 6x2 – 9x + 2x – 3
= 3x(2x – 3) + 1 (2x – 3)
= (2x – 3) (3x + 1)
3 1
zeros are ,
2 3

3  1 
Sum of zeros = 2   3 
 

9  2 7 (7 ) (coefficient of x)
=   =
6 6 6 (coefficient of x2 )
Product of zeros
3  1  1  3 
= 2  3   2 =
  6

(constant term)
=
(coefficient of x 2 )

(iv) 4u2 + 8u = 4u (u + 2)
zeros are 0, –2
Sum of zeros
(8 )
= 0 + (–2) = –2 =
4

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(coefficient of u)
= – (coefficient of u 2 )
Product of zeros
0
= 0 × (–2) = 0 =
4
constant term
= coefficient of u 2

(v) t2 – 15 = (t – 1 5 ) (t + 1 5 )
zeros are 1 5 , – 1 5
sum of zeros
0
= 1 5 + (– 1 5 ) = 0 =
1
(coefficient of t)
=–
(coefficient of t 2 )
Product of zeros
15
=  15   15  = –15 = 1
co n stan t term
= co efficie n t o f t 2

(vi) 3x2 – x – 4
= 3x2 – 4x + 3x – 4
= x(3x – 4) + 1 (3x – 4)
= (3x – 4) (x + 1)
4
zeros are , –1
3
Sum of zeros
4 1 (1)
= –1 = =–
3 3 3

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(coefficient of x)
=–
coefficient of x2

4 4
Product of zeros =  (1)  
3 3
(constant term )
=
coefficient of x 2

Q2. Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given numbers as the sum and product of its
zeros respectively.
1 1
(i) , –1 (ii) 2 ,
4 3
(iii) 0, 5 (iv) 1, 1
1 1
(v) – , (vi) 4, 1
4 4
Sol. (i) Required polynomial =
x2 – (sum of zeros) x + product of zeros
1
= x2 – x–1
4
1
= (4x2 – x – 1).
4

(ii) Required polynomial =

x2 – (sum of zeros) x + product of zeros
1
= x2 – 2 x +
3
1
= (3x2 – 3 2 x + 1).
3

(iii) Required polynomial =

x2 – (sum of zeros) x + product of zeros
= x2 – 0 x + 5
= x2 + 5 .

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(iv) Required polynomial =

x2 – (sum of zeros) x + product of zeros
= x2 – 1 x + 1
= x2 – x + 1.

(v) Required polynomial =

x2 – (sum of zeros) x + product of zeros
 1 1
= x2 –    x +
 4  4

1 1
= x2 + x+
4 4
1
= (4x2 + x + 1).
4

(vi) Required polynomial =

x2– (sum of zeros) x + product of zeros = x2 – 4x + 1.

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