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This report discusses wave energy as a renewable energy source and the importance of energy storage solutions for its reliable integration into power grids. It explores various storage techniques, including mechanical, electrochemical, thermal, and hybrid systems, highlighting their advantages and challenges. The report concludes that advancements in energy storage technology are essential for the widespread adoption of wave energy.

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4 views

formative1 hydro

This report discusses wave energy as a renewable energy source and the importance of energy storage solutions for its reliable integration into power grids. It explores various storage techniques, including mechanical, electrochemical, thermal, and hybrid systems, highlighting their advantages and challenges. The report concludes that advancements in energy storage technology are essential for the widespread adoption of wave energy.

Uploaded by

iamthebassel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Ain Shams University

Spring 2025 CHEP – senior2


Hydro

AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY


FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Hydro

Formative 1
Basel Mohamed Abdelbary
19p3258

1|Page
1. Introduction
Wave energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources,
harnessing the kinetic and potential energy of ocean waves to generate
electricity. However, the intermittent nature of wave energy necessitates
efficient energy storage solutions to ensure a stable and reliable power
supply. This report explores various energy storage techniques that
complement wave energy conversion systems, enhancing their viability for
large-scale power generation.

2. Wave Energy Conversion and the Need for Storage


Wave energy converters (WECs) transform ocean wave energy into electrical
power through various mechanisms, such as oscillating water columns, point
absorbers, and overtopping devices. Despite the potential of wave energy, its
variability due to changing ocean conditions poses challenges for grid
integration. Energy storage solutions play a crucial role in addressing these
challenges by balancing supply and demand, stabilizing voltage and
frequency, and ensuring a continuous power supply.

3. Energy Storage Techniques for Wave Energy


3.1. Mechanical Storage
Mechanical energy storage systems store excess energy by converting
electrical power into kinetic or potential energy. The key mechanical storage
methods used with wave energy include:
• Flywheels: Flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) store excess energy
in the form of rotational kinetic energy and release it when needed.

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They are highly efficient, have a fast response time, and are suitable for
short-term energy balancing.
• Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS): Excess wave energy is used to pump
water to an elevated reservoir. When energy demand increases, water
is released to drive turbines and generate electricity. PHS is suitable for
large-scale, long-duration energy storage.
3.2. Electrochemical Storage
Electrochemical storage systems store energy in chemical form and release it
as electricity when required. The main electrochemical storage technologies
for wave energy include:
• Batteries: Lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and flow batteries are commonly
used for energy storage in wave energy systems. Batteries offer high
efficiency and scalability but require periodic maintenance and
replacement.
• Hydrogen Storage: Wave energy can be used to produce hydrogen via
electrolysis. Hydrogen can be stored and later used in fuel cells or
burned to generate electricity, providing a long-term energy storage
solution.
3.3. Thermal Storage
Thermal energy storage (TES) involves converting excess wave energy into
heat and storing it for later use. The two primary thermal storage techniques
are:
• Molten Salt Storage: Excess energy heats molten salts, which retain
thermal energy for extended periods. This method is widely used in
solar energy systems and can be adapted for wave energy.

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• Phase Change Materials (PCMs): PCMs store and release thermal
energy through phase transitions, such as melting and solidification.
These materials can be integrated with wave energy converters to
provide efficient energy storage.
3.4. Supercapacitors and Hybrid Storage
Supercapacitors store energy through electrostatic charge separation and
provide rapid energy discharge, making them ideal for stabilizing power
fluctuations in wave energy systems. Hybrid storage solutions, which
combine batteries, supercapacitors, and mechanical storage, optimize energy
storage performance and enhance system reliability.

4. Challenges and Future Prospects


Despite advancements in energy storage technologies, several challenges
remain in integrating storage with wave energy:
• High Costs: Many storage solutions, such as batteries and hydrogen
production, involve significant capital investment.
• Energy Losses: Conversion and storage processes introduce efficiency
losses that can impact overall system performance.
• Infrastructure Limitations: Offshore energy storage systems require
robust infrastructure and maintenance strategies to withstand harsh
marine environments.
Future research aims to improve storage efficiency, reduce costs, and
develop advanced materials for more sustainable and scalable energy
storage solutions. Innovations such as artificial intelligence-based energy
management systems and offshore hybrid renewable energy farms are
expected to enhance the role of wave energy in the global energy mix.
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5. Conclusion
Wave energy has the potential to contribute significantly to the global
transition to renewable energy. However, to ensure its reliability and grid
integration, efficient energy storage techniques are necessary. Mechanical,
electrochemical, thermal, and hybrid storage solutions each offer unique
advantages and challenges. Continued advancements in energy storage
technology will be crucial for the widespread adoption of wave energy as a
viable and sustainable power source.

6. References
1. Falcão, A. F. de O. (2010). Wave energy utilization: A review of the
technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(3), 899-
918.
2. Ringwood, J. V., Bacelli, G., & Fusco, F. (2014). Energy-maximizing
control of wave-energy converters: The development of control system
technology to optimize their operation. IEEE Control Systems Magazine,
34(5), 30-55.
3. Rusu, E., & Onea, F. (2018). A review of the technologies for wave
energy extraction. Clean Energy, 2(1), 10-19.
4. Sharma, R., & Khan, S. (2020). A review on energy storage systems in
wave energy applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
119, 109624.

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