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Engineers Wallah (Mechanical Engineering)

Subject: Machine Design DPP-01
Chapter: Design Against Dynamic Loading
1. In the figure shown, if the line AB represents Goodman 4. Match List-I (Phenomenon) with List-II (Significant
criterion of failure, then Soderberg criterion could be parameters/Phenomenon) and select the correct answer:
reprAnsnted by line
fn[kk, x, fp= esa] ;fn js[kk AB foQyrk ds xqMeSu lwph&I ¼?kVuk½ dks lwph&II ¼egRoiw.kZ iSjkehVj@?kVuk½ ds
ekunaM dk çfrfufèkRo djrh gS] rks lksMjcxZ ekunaM dks lkFk feyk,a vkSj lgh mÙkj pquas
js[kk }kjk n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gSA List -1/ lwph&I
A. Interference fit/ gLr{ksi fQV
B. Cyclic loading/ pØh; yksfMax
C. Gear meshing D. Lubricating of bearing
fx;j esf'kax Mh- fc;fjax dh fpdukbZ
(a) AD (b) DB List - II
(c) DC (d) AC 1. Viscosity Index/ ';kurk lwpdkad
2. Interference/ gLr{ksi
2. The design calculations for members subject to 3. Notch sensitivity/ ik;nku laon
s u'khyrk
fluctuating loads with the same factor of safety, yield the 4. Induced compressive stress/ çsfjr laihM+u ruko
most conservative estimates when using Codes: A B C D
lqj{kk ds leku dkjd ds lkFk mrkj&p<+ko okys Hkkj ds (a) 3 4 1 2
vèkhu lnL;ksa ds fy, fMt+kbu x.kuk dk mi;ksx djrs (b) 4 3 2 1
le; lcls :f<+oknh vuqeku çkIr djrh gSA (c) 3 4 2 1
(a) Gerber relation/ xsjcj lacèa k (d) 4 3 1 2
(b) Soderberg relation/ lksMjcxZ lacèa k
5. Consider the following statements:
(c) Gooodman relation/ xqMeSu lacèa k
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj djsa
(d) None of the above/ mijksä esa ls dksbZ ugha
1. Endurance strength of a component is not affected

3. Which one of the following features improves the by its surface finish and notch sensitivity of the
fatigue strength of a metallic material? material
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lh fo'ks"krk èkkrq lkexzh dh Fkdku fdlh ?kVd dh lgu'kfä mldh lrg dh fQfu'k
'kfä esa lqèkkj djrh gS\ vkSj lkexzh dh ik;nku laosnu'khyrk ls çHkkfor ugha
(a) Increasing the temperature/ rkieku esa o`f) gksrh gS
(b) Scratching the surface/ lrg dks [kjksapuk 2. For ferrous materials like steel S-N curve becomes
(c) Overstressing/ vR;fèkd ruko asymptotic at 106 cycles
(d) Under stressing/ ruko ds rgr
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LVhy tSlh ykSg lkexzh ds fy, ,l&,u oØ 106 pØksa (Sut stands for ultimate tensile strength and Se for the
ij Li'kkZsUeq[k gks tkrk gS endurance limit)
Which of these statements given above is /are correct? ¼Sut dk vFkZ gS ije rU; 'kfä vkSj Se dk vFkZ gS lgu'kfä
Åij fn, x, buesa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ dh lhek½

(a) 1 only/ dsoy 1 7. Fatigue strength of a rod subjected to cyclic axial force
(b) 2 only/ dsoy 2 is less than that of a rotating beam of the same

(c) Both 1 and 2/ 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa dimensions subjected to steady lateral force. What is the
reason?
(d) Neither I nor 2/ u rks eSa vkSj u gh 2
pØh; v{kh; cy ds vèkhu ,d NM+ dh Fkdku 'kfä fLFkj
6. In designing a shaft for variable loads, the S-N diagram ikÜoZ cy ds vèkhu leku vk;keksa ds ?kw.kZu che dh rqyuk
can be drawn by: esa de gSA dkj.k D;k gS\
ifjorZuh; Hkkj ds fy, 'kk¶V dks fMtkbu djus es]a ,l&,u (a) Axial stiffness is less than bending stiffness
vkjs[k bl çdkj [khapk tk ldrk gS v{kh; dBksjrk >qdus okyh dBksjrk ls de gS
(a) Joining the Sut at 0 cycles and S. at 106 cycles by a (b) Absence of centrifugal effects in the rod
straight line on a log S – log N graph j‚M esa dsUækilkjd çHkko dh vuqifLFkfr
y‚x ,l & y‚x ,u xzkQ ij ,d lhèkh js[kk }kjk 0 (c) The number of discontinuities vulnerable to fatigue
pØksa ij ,l;wVh vkSj 106 pØksa ij ,l dks tksMu+ k is more in the rod
(b) Joining the 0.9 Sut at 1000 cycles and Se at 106 j‚M esa Fkdku ds çfr laosnu'khy foPNsnu dh la[;k
cycles by a curved line on a log S – log N graph vfèkd gS
y‚x ,l & y‚x ,u xzkQ ij ,d ?kqekonkj js[kk }kjk (d) At a particular time, the rod has only one type of
1000 pØksa ij 0-9 lqr vkSj 106 pØksa ij ,lbZ dks stress whereas the beam has both tensile and
tksM+uk compressive stresses
(c) Joining the 0.9 Sut at 1000 cycles and Se at 106 fdlh fo'ks"k le; ij] NM+ ij dsoy ,d çdkj dk
cycles by a straight line on a log S - log N. graph ruko gksrk gS tcfd che esa rU; vkSj laihfM+r nksuksa
y‚x ,l & y‚x ,u xzkQ ij ,d lhèkh js[kk }kjk ruko gksrs gSa
1000 pØksa ij 0-9 lqr vkSj 106 pØksa ij ,lbZ dks
8. Endurance limit is of primary concern in the design of
tksM+uk
a/an
(d) Joining the Sut at 1000 cycles and 0.9 Se at 106
fdlh ds fMt+kbu esa lgu'kfä lhek çkFkfed fpark dk
cycles by a straight line on a log S - log N graph
y‚x ,l & y‚x ,u xzkQ ij ,d lhèkh js[kk }kjk lqr fo"k; gS
1. rotating shaft/ ?kweus okyk 'kk¶V
dks 1000 pØksa vkSj 0-9 ls 106 pØksa ij tksM+uk
2. industrial structure/ vkS|ksfxd lajpuk
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3. column/ LraHk
4. machine base/ e'khu csl 11. The areas of fatigue failure in a part may be in the
Which of the above is/are correct? fdlh Hkkx esa Fkdku foQyrk ds {ks= gks ldrs gSa
mijksä esa ls dkSu lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
1. region having slow growth of crack with a fine
(a) 1 only/ dsoy 1
(b) 2 only/ dsoy 2 fibrous appearance.
(c) 3 and 4 only/ dsoy 3 vkSj 4 eghu js'ksnkj mifLFkfr ds lkFk njkj dh èkheh o`f)
(d) 1,2, 3 and 4/ 1]2] 3 vkSj 4 okyk {ks=A
2. region having faster growth of crack with a fine
9. Consider the following statements:
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj djsa fibrous appearance.
For a component made of ductile material, the failure eghu js'ksnkj mifLFkfr ds lkFk njkj dh rhoz o`f)
criterion will be
okyk {ks=A
rU; lkexzh ls cus ,d ?kVd ds fy,] foQyrk ekunaM
gksxk 3. region of sudden fracture with a coarse granular
1. endurance limit, if the external force is fluctuating appearance.
lgu'kfä dh lhek] ;fn ckgjh cy esa mrkj&p<+ko gks eksVs nkusnkj mifLFkfr ds lkFk vpkud ÝSDpj dk {ks=A
jgk gS
2. fatigue, if the external force is fluctuating 4. region of gradual fracture with a coarse granular
Fkdku] ;fn ckgjh cy esa mrkj&p<+ko gks jgk gks appearance.
3. yield stress, if the external force is static eksVs nkusnkj mifLFkfr ds lkFk Øfed ÝSDpj dk {ks=A
;fn ckgjh cy fLFkj gS rks ruko mRiUu gksrk gS
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the above statements are correct?
mijksä esa ls dkSu lk dFku lgh gS\ uhps fn, x, dksM dk mi;ksx djds lgh mÙkj pqusa
(a) 1 and 2 only/ dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (a) 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(b) 1 and 3 only/ dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (c) 1 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 only/ dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) 1,2 and 3/ 1]2 vkSj 3
12. Coaxing is a process of
10. A machine component is subjected to a flexural stress, eukuk ,d çfØ;k gS
which fluctuates between 300 MN/m2 and -150 MN/m2.
Taking the yield strength = 0.55 of the ultimate strength, (a) Improving the fatigue properties, attained by under-
endurance strength = 0.50 of the ultimate strength and stressing and then raising the stress in small
factor of safety to be 2, the value of the minimum
ultimate strength according to modified Goodman increments.
relation will be de ruko nsus vkSj fQj NksV&
s NksVs pj.kksa esa ruko
,d e'khu ?kVd yphys ruko ds vèkhu gS] tks 300 MN/m2
vkSj –150 MN/m2 ds chp mrkj&p<+ko djrk gSA mit 'kfä c<+kus ls Fkdku ds xq.kksa esa lqèkkj gksrk gSA
¾ ije 'kfä dk 0-55] lgu 'kfä ¾ ije 'kfä dk 0-50 (b) Decreasing the hardness by full annealing
vkSj lqj{kk dk dkjd 2 ekurs gq,] la'kksfèkr xqMeSu lacèa k ds
vuqlkj U;wure vafre 'kfä dk ewY; gksxk iw.kZ ,uhfyax }kjk dBksjrk dks de djuk
(a) 1100 MN/m2 (b) 1075 MN/m2
(c) 1050 MN/m2 (d) 1025 MN/m2
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(c) Increasing the uniaxial tensile strength by heating U;wure eku 100 kN gSA IysV lkexzh ds xq.k gSa lgu'kfä
above recrystallization temperature and quenching lhek ruko 225 MPa gS] mit fcanq ruko 300 MPa gSA
in oil media ;fn mit fcanq ds vkèkkj ij lqj{kk dk dkjd 1-5 gS] rks
iqufØZLVyhdj.k rkieku ls Åij xeZ djds vkSj rsy IysV dh eksVkbZ yxHkx gksxh
ehfM;k esa 'keu djds ,dv{kh; rU; 'kfä dks c<+kuk (a) 12 mm (c) 16 mm
(d) Maintaining the ductility of the material by (b) 14 mm (d) 18 mm
chemical treatment
jklk;fud mipkj }kjk lkexzh dh yphykiu cuk, 15. A steel connecting rod having Sut = 1000 MN/m2, Syt =

j[kuk 900 MN/m2 is subjected to a completely, reversed axial

load of 50 kN. By neglecting any column action, if the
13. For which one of the following loading conditions is the values of ke = 0.85, kb = 0.9, ka = 0.82, kt = 1.5, q = 0.6
standard endurance strength multiplied by a load factor, and N = 2, the diameter of the rod will be nearly
KL = 0.9? ,d LVhy dusfDVax j‚M ftlesa Sut = 1000 MN/m2, Syt =
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl yksfMax fLFkfr ds fy, ekud lgu 900 MN/m2 gS] 50 kN ds iw.kZr% myV v{kh; Hkkj ds vèkhu
'kfä dks yksM QSDVj] KL = 0.9 ls xq.kk fd;k tkrk gS\ gSA fdlh Hkh LraHk fØ;k dh mis{kk djds] ;fn ke = 0.85,
kb = 0.9, ka = 0.82, kt = 1.5, q = 0.6 vkSj N = 2 dk eku gS]
(a) Reversed beam bending loads rks NM+ dk O;kl yxHkx gksxk
myVk che >qdus okyk Hkkj (a) 20 mm (b) 23 mm
(b) Reversed axial loads with no bending (c) 26 mm (d) 29 mm
fcuk fdlh >qdko ds myVk v{kh; Hkkj
(c) Reversed axial loads with intermediate bending 16. Consider the following statements regarding crack:
eè;orÊ >qdus ds lkFk myV v{kh; Hkkj njkj ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj djsa
(d) Reversed torsion loads 1. Crack is more likely to occur in the regions of
myVk ejksM+ Hkkj discontinuity such as oil holes.
rsy Nsn tSls vlarqyu okys {ks=ksa esa njkj iM+us dh
14. A 120 mm wide uniform plate is to be subjected to a laHkkouk vfèkd gksrh gSA
tensile load that has a maximum value of 250 kN and a 2. Crack is more likely to occur in the regions of
minimum value of 100 kN. The properties of the plate irregularities in machining operations such as stamp
material are: endurance limit stress is 225 MPa, yield mark.
point stress is 300 MPa. If the factor of safety based on e'khfuax lapkyu esa vfu;ferrk tSls LVkEi ekdZ okys
yield point is 1.5, the thickness of the plate will be nearly {ks=ksa esa njkj iM+us dh laHkkouk vfèkd gksrh gSA
,d 120 feeh pkSM+h ,dleku IysV dks ,d rU; Hkkj ds 3. Crack is more likely to occur in the internal cracks
vèkhu fd;k tkuk gS ftldk vfèkdre eku 250 kN vkSj due to defects in materials like blow holes.
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Cyks gksy tSlh lkefxz;ksa esa nks"kksa ds dkj.k vkarfjd 19. For dynamic loading, we need to modify the theoretical
stress-concentration factor to obtain a fatigue stress-
njkjksa esa njkj iM+us dh laHkkouk vfèkd gksrh gSA
concentration factor based on
Which of the above statements are correct? xfr'khy yksfMax ds fy,] gesa ds vkèkkj ij Fkdku
mijksä esa ls dkSu lk dFku lgh gS\ ruko&,dkxzrk dkjd çkIr djus ds fy, lS)kafrd
(a) 1 and 2 only/ dsoy 1 vkSj 2 ruko&,dkxzrk dkjd dks la'kksfèkr djus dh vko';drk gSA
(b) 2 and 3 only/ dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (a) the factor of safety of the material to obtain a
(c) 1 and 3 only/ dsoy 1 vkSj 3 fatigue stress-concentration factor
Fkdku ruko&,dkxzrk dkjd çkIr djus ds fy, lkexzh
(d) 1,2 and 3/ 1]2 vkSj 3
dh lqj{kk dk dkjd
(b) the nominal stress to obtain a fatigue stress-
17. The fatigue strength reduction factor is given by concentration factor
Fkdku 'kfä esa deh dk dkjd }kjk fn;k x;k gS Fkdku ruko&,dkxzrk dkjd çkIr djus ds fy,
endurance limit of notch free specimen
ukeek= ruko
(a) (c) the stress-concentration factor for nominal stress to
endurance limit of notched specimen
obtain a fatigue stress concentration factor
endurance limit of notched specimen Fkdku ruko ,dkxzrk dkjd çkIr djus ds fy,
(b)
endurance limit of notch free specimen ukeek= ruko ds fy, ruko&,dkxzrk dkjd
(d) the notch sensitivity of the material to obtain a
(c) (endurance limit of a notch-free specimen) ×
fatigue stress-concentration factor.
endurance limit of a notched specimen Fkdku ruko&,dkxzrk dkjd çkIr djus ds fy, lkexzh
(d) (endurance limit of a notch-free specimen) + dh ik;nku laons u'khyrkA
endurance limit of a notched specimen
20. If the estimated actual endurance strength of the material

18. If the estimated actual endurance strength of the material is S'n, the ultimate tensile strength is Su, the mean stress
is S'n, the ultimate tensile strength is Su, the mean stress is σm and the alternating stress is a the equation for the
is om and the alternating stress is a the equation for the Gerberg parabola line is

Goodman line is ;fn lkexzh dh vuqekfur okLrfod lgu'kfä 'kfä S'n gS]
;fn lkexzh dh vuqekfur okLrfod lgu'kfä 'kfä S'n gS] vafre rU; 'kfä Su gS] ekè; ruko σm gS vkSj çR;korÊ
ruko a gS rks xsjcxZ ijoy; js[kk dk lehdj.k D;k gS\
vafre rU; 'kfä Su gS] ekè; ruko om gS vkSj çR;korÊ a Su a m
(a)  =1 (b)  =1
ruko a gS rks xqMeSu js[kk ds fy, lehdj.k gS Sn m Sn Su
2 2
a  m    S
a Su a m (c) +  = 1 (d)  a  + u = 1
(a)  =1 (b)  =1 Sn  Su   Sn  m
Sn m Sn Su
a m a Su
(c) + =1 (d) + =1
Sn Su Sn m
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Answer Key
1. (d) 11. (d)
2. (b) 12. (a)
3. (c) 13. (b)
4. (b) 14. (a)
5. (b) 15. (b)
6. (b) 16. (d)
7. (d) 17. (b)
8. (a) 18. (c)
9. (d) 19. (d)
10. (c) 20. (c)

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