Scholar Mission School

Class VIII – Holiday Homework

Subject -- English
1. Copy down the explanation of ‘If’
2. Read Luncheon and If I were you
3. Do Direct and Indirect sheet after copying the step by step process. If you don’t have the printout of
the sheet, kindly get a printout of the attached sheet and solve it. DO NOT take help from
anywhere.
4. Learn the three forms of verbs.
• Copy only the boldened part and the table given
1. Identify the Components in the Sentence

• Reporting verb (e.g., "said," "asked," "told").

• Reported speech (the words within quotation marks in direct speech).

Example:
Direct: She said, "I am happy."

• Reporting verb: said

• Reported speech: "I am happy."

2. Decide the Type of Sentence in Reported Speech

• Declarative Sentence: Makes a statement.

• Interrogative Sentence: Asks a question.

• Imperative Sentence: Gives a command, request, or suggestion.

• Exclamatory Sentence: Expresses emotions like surprise or happiness.

This step determines how you change the speech.

3. Adjust the Reporting Verb

• Change the reporting verb based on the type of sentence:

o Said → Told (if there's an object).

o Said → Asked/Inquired (for questions).

o Said → Requested/Ordered/Suggested (for commands or requests).

4. Remove the Quotation Marks

• Replace quotation marks with the conjunction:

o "That" for declarative sentences.

o "If/Whether" for yes/no questions.

o The question word (e.g., what, why, where) for WH-questions.

5. Change the Pronouns

• Pronouns change based on the subject and object of the reporting verb.

o First-person pronouns (I, we) → Match the subject of the reporting verb.

o Second-person pronouns (you) → Match the object of the reporting verb.

o Third-person pronouns (he, she, it, they) → Remain unchanged.

Example:
Direct: He said, "I will come."
Indirect: He said that he would come.

6. Adjust the Verb Tense

• If the reporting verb is in the past tense, shift the tense of the reported speech back in time:

o Present Simple → Past Simple

o Present Continuous → Past Continuous

o Present Perfect → Past Perfect

o Past Simple → Past Perfect

Examples:
Direct: She said, "I am studying."
Indirect: She said that she was studying.

Note: No tense change occurs if the reporting verb is in the present or future tense (e.g., "says," "will say").

7. Adjust Time and Place References

• Words indicating time and place often change:

o Now → Then

o Today → That day

o Tomorrow → The next day

o Yesterday → The previous day

o Here → There

Example:
Direct: He said, "I will meet you tomorrow."
Indirect: He said that he would meet me the next day.

8. Punctuate Correctly

• Ensure proper punctuation in the indirect speech (no quotation marks).

Example:
Direct: He said, "I am fine."
Indirect: He said that he was fine.
10. Final Check

• Ensure the sentence sounds natural and is grammatically correct.

Direct Speech:

She said, "I am reading a book now."

Step-by-Step Conversion to Indirect Speech:

Step 1: Identify the components

Step 2: Remove quotation marks and add a conjunction

• Use "that" to connect the reported speech.

• Sentence becomes:
She said that I am reading a book now.

tep 3: Change the pronoun

She said that she am reading a book now.

Step 4: Adjust the tense of the reported speech

• The reporting verb "said" is in the past tense, so we need to shift the tense of the reported speech:

o Present Continuous ("am reading") → Past Continuous ("was reading").

• Sentence becomes:
She said that she was reading a book now.

Step 5: Change time reference

• "Now" changes to "then" to reflect past time.

• Final sentence:
She said that she was reading a book then.

Indirect Speech:

She said that she was reading a book then.

 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Step-by-step process to change indirect speech into direct speech:

ONLY BOLD PART

1. Identify the Reporting Verb

Look for the reporting verb like said, told, asked, exclaimed, etc., and understand its tone (statement,
question, command, exclamation).

• Example: He said that he was happy.

2. Remove 'That' (If Present)

Eliminate the word that when converting into direct speech.

• Example: He said that he was happy. → He said, "..."

3. Change the Pronouns

Change the pronouns back to match the original speaker.

• Example: He said, "I am happy."

4. Adjust the Verb Tense

Change the tense back to its original form.

• Past Tense → Present Tense

• Past Perfect → Past Tense

• Example:
Indirect: He said that he was happy.
Direct: He said, "I am happy."

5. Add Quotation Marks and Punctuation

Enclose the direct speech in quotation marks and add the appropriate punctuation (comma, question mark,
exclamation mark).

• Example: He said, "I am happy."

6. For Questions

• Add question words (what, why, where, how) or invert the auxiliary verb (did, is, are).

• Example:
Indirect: She asked where he was going.
Direct: She asked, "Where are you going?"

7. For Commands/Requests

• Add the imperative form with quotation marks.

• Example:
Indirect: He told me to sit down.
Direct: He said, "Sit down."
Example for Practice:

Indirect: She said that she liked chocolate.

Direct: She said, "I like chocolate."

If

Summary – Rudyard Kipling, the poet, is most likely the narrator and is addressing his audience, who he
presumes to be young British males, personally. Instead of sharing his personal experiences, the narrator
gives counsel using metaphorical language that might be used in a variety of contexts. The narrator reveals
a lot of bad things, yet he is ultimately optimistic. The last verse makes it clear that he believes his audience
will overcome their obstacles and merit the title of man.

Despite not having a name, the listener is suggested to be the narrator's son.

Stanza 1- If you can stay calm when everyone around you is panicking and holding you responsible for their
panic; if you can be confident even when no one trusts you, while still taking other people's concerns into
consideration; if you can be patient; if you can avoid lying even when people lie about you; if you can not
hate anyone even when they hate you; if you can be virtuous in these ways, but still not think too highly of
yourself;

Stanza 2- If you can have big ambitions, without becoming a servant to them; if you can be analytical, but
not get lost in analysis for its own sake; if you can take a measured approach to successes and failures,
seeing them both as temporary and not especially meaningful; if you can handle it when unscrupulous
people distort your sincere words to deceive the ignorant; if you can lose everything you've worked for and
get right back to rebuilding it from the ground up;

Stanza 3- If you can risk everything you've earned on a single gamble, lose it all, and begin again from
nothing without complaining; if you can push yourself to total mental and physical exhaustion and still keep
going with only your willpower to support and sustain you;

Stanza 4 - If you can mingle with the masses without losing your own moral compass, or travel in the
highest society without becoming haughty; if neither your enemies nor your friends can hurt your
feelings; if you can treat everyone with respect, but avoid idolizing anyone in particular; if you can fill up
every second of unrelenting time with worthwhile action, then the world will be your—And, more
importantly, you will be a true man, my son.

- Do the questions given at the back of the book yourself.

Happy New year